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Venezuela — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Venezuela is

2017: 5,895,0001
2012: 3,250,0002 3 4 5 6

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Venezuela is

2017: 18.501
2012: 11.22 6

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Venezuela ranked at No. 277

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Venezuela ranked at No. 596

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Venezuela is reported to be

2011: 132,0438
2009: 500,000 - 1,500,0004

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered guns per 100 people in Venezuela is between 1.98 and 5.949

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,10 but in Venezuela there are estimated to be between 1,100,000 and 2,700,0004 5

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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,10 but in Venezuela the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be between 4.35 and 10.689

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Venezuela are reported to have 353,30011 firearms

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Routine Arming of Police

In Venezuela, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms12

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Venezuela are reported to have 173,00013 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Venezuela, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2013: 14,62214
2012: 15,681
2011: 13,831
2010: 13,802
2009: 15,024
2008: 15,212
2007: 13,81515 16 17
2006: 12,41715 16
2005: 10,688
2004: 11,323
2003: 13,324
2002: 10,913
2001: 9,140
2000: 9,04115 16 18
1999: 6,27915 16
1998: 4,560
1997: 4,244
1996: 5,007
1995: 4,410
1994: 4,863
1993: 4,186
1992: 3,231
1991: 2,276
1990: 2,234
1989: 2,422
1988: 1,508
1987: 1,474
1986: 1,408
1985: 1,577
1984: 1,607
1983: 1,926
1982: 1,616
1981: 1,311
1980: 1,439

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2013: 49.2214
2012: 53.52
2011: 47.87
2010: 48.46
2009: 56.039 19
2008: 57.59
2007: 53.09
2006: 48.43
2005: 42.29
2004: 45.46
2003: 54.28
2002: 45.11
2001: 38.33
2000: 38.48
1999: 27.15
1998: 20.04
1997: 18.98
1996: 22.80
1995: 20.46
1994: 23.02
1993: 20.23
1992: 15.96
1991: 11.50
1990: 11.56
1989: 12.85
1988: 8.21
1987: 8.23
1986: 8.07
1985: 9.28
1984: 9.71
1983: 11.97
1982: 10.35
1981: 8.64
1980: 9.74

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Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Venezuela, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total

2013: 13,96414
2012: 14,968
2011: 13,221
2010: 13,152

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Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Venezuela, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2013: 65814
2012: 713
2011: 610
2010: 650

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 17,77820
2014: 19,030
2013: 8,84414
2012: 9,945
2011: 8,875
2010: 9,042
2009: 9,59521 22 23 24 25
2008: 10,48721 22 23 24
2007: 9,470
2006: 8,805
2005: 7,603
2004: 7,348
2003: 8,790
2002: 7,482
2001: 6,568
2000: 6,369
1999: 4,01721 23 26
1998: 2,817
1997: 2,86321 23
1996: 3,329
1995: 3,130
1994: 3,35321
1993: 3,093
1992: 2,705
1991: 2,089
1990: 2,540
1989: 2,291
1988: 1,627
1987: 1,400

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2013: 49.2214
2012: 53.52
2011: 47.87
2010: 48.46
2009: 35.78
2008: 39.70
2007: 36.39
2006: 34.349 22 23 27
2005: 30.09
2004: 29.509 22 23
2003: 35.81
2002: 30.93
2001: 27.55
2000: 27.11
1999: 17.379 23
1998: 12.38
1997: 12.80
1996: 15.16
1995: 14.53
1994: 15.879
1993: 14.95
1992: 13.36
1991: 10.56
1990: 13.14
1989: 12.15
1988: 8.85
1987: 7.81

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, annual male homicides by any means total

2013: 8,35114
2012: 9,362
2011: 8,368
2010: 8,498

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, annual female homicides by any means total

2013: 49314
2012: 583
2011: 507
2010: 544

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Venezuela, annual firearm homicides total

2013: 7,86514
2012: 8,903
2011: 7,868
2010: 8,050
2009: 8,56328 23
2007: 8,42117
2000: 5,40818
:

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2013: 26.4814
2012: 30.39
2011: 27.23
2010: 28.26
2009: 31.928 9
2007: 32.369
2000: 23.019 18

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Venezuela, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2011: 90.2%29
2010: 90.7%29 30 31
2009: 79.5%23
2007: 89%17
2004: 86%27

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Venezuela, annual male firearm homicides total

2013: 7,49014
2012: 8,466
2011: 7,503
2010: 7,638

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Venezuela, annual female firearm homicides total

2013: 37514
2012: 437
2011: 365
2010: 412

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, annual suicides by any means total

2013: 61614
2012: 729
2011: 763
2010: 775
2008: 96132 33
2007: 618
2006: 757
2005: 909
2004: 1,019
2003: 1,142
2002: 1,299
2001: 1,382
2000: 1,264
1994: 1,08918

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2013: 2.0714
2012: 2.49
2011: 2.64
2010: 2.72
2008: 3.432 33
2007: 2.3
2006: 2.8
2005: 3.4
2004: 3.9
2003: 4.5
2002: 5.2
2001: 5.6
2000: 5.2
1994: 4.2418

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, annual male suicides by any means total

2013: 50014
2012: 600
2011: 643
2010: 628

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Venezuela, annual female suicides by any means total

2013: 11614
2012: 129
2011: 120
2010: 147

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn Venezuela, annual firearm suicides total

2013: 4314
2012: 48
2011: 53
2010: 74
2009: 7728
2007: 12517
2000: 28318

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2013: 0.1414
2012: 0.16
2011: 0.18
2010: 0.26
2009: 0.328
2007: 0.489
2000: 1.1018

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Venezuela, annual male firearm suicides total

2013: 4014
2012: 41
2011: 49
2010: 71

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Female Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Venezuela, annual female firearm suicides total

2013: 314
2012: 7
2011: 4
2010: 3

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Venezuela, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2013: 7814
2012: 46
2011: 35
2010: 29
2009: 5428
2007: 4517
2000: 10318

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2013: 22.3414
2012: 22.81
2011: 20.34
2010: 19.83
2009: 0.209
2007: 0.17
2000: 0.4018

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Venezuela, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2013: 6714
2012: 42
2011: 32
2010: 25

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Venezuela, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2013: 1114
2012: 4
2011: 3
2010: 4

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Venezuela, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2013: 6,63614
2012: 6,684
2011: 5,875
2010: 5,649
2009: 6,14928
2007: 5,07017
2000: 2,58118

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Venezuela, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2009: 22.939
2007: 19.48
2000: 10.0418

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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Venezuela, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2013: 6,36714
2012: 6,419
2011: 5,637
2010: 5,418

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Venezuela, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2013: 26914
2012: 265
2011: 238
2010: 231

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Venezuela, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence34 35 36 37 38 39

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Venezuela was ranked 'small'40

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Venezuela, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law34 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 35 37

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Venezuela is reported by Customs to be US$2,78249 (2011)

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Firearm Imports

In Venezuela, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law34 41 36 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 35 37 38 50

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Venezuela is reported by Customs to be US$6,332,69049 (2011)51 52

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Venezuela, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law53 54

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Venezuela include41 43 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Venezuela is categorised as restrictive55

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Venezuela includes the Act on the Disarmament and Control of Arms and Ammunition of 201356, Decree No. 881 of 2014, promulgating Regulations for the Law on Disarmament and Control of Firearms and Ammunition57 and the Criminal Code38

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Venezuela are regulated by the Bolivarian National Armed Forces for the control of arms34 37

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Venezuela, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law58 59

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Venezuela, civilians are not allowed to possess weapons of war, which are not specifically defined in law. Private possession of assault rifles and machine guns seems to be at the discretion of authorities60 61 62

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Venezuela, private possession of fully automatic weapons is not specifically prohibited in law and could be open to official discretion61

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Venezuela, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is not specifically prohibited in law and could be open to official discretion61

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Regulation of Handguns

In Venezuela, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence61

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Venezuela, only licensed gun owners63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 38 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Venezuela are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example self-defence,68 69 81 hunting72 73 and sport74 75 82

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Venezuela is 25 years65 67

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Venezuela must pass a background check which considers physical, mental health and criminal65 67 83 82 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Venezuela, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required71

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Partner to be Advised or Interviewed

In Venezuela, licensing authorities are not required53 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Venezuela does not stipulate53 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Venezuela, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required84 65 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Venezuela, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year for a licence to carry firearms for the protection of persons,76 every two years for a licence to carry firearms for hunting,72 73 sporting purposes,74 75 and for personal defence,68 and every three years for a licence for in-house ownership of firearms70

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Licensing Records

In Venezuela, authorities maintain a record85 86 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Venezuela are permitted to possess one firearm (with a licence to carry firearms for the protection of persons)76

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Venezuela are permitted to possess ammunition only for those firearms for which the purchaser is licensed87 88

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Venezuela, the law requires85 86 89 90 91 92 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Venezuela, licensed firearm dealers are required93 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Venezuela, licensed gun makers are required34 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Venezuela, State agencies are required94 95 61 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Venezuela, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without authorisation from the Bolivarian National Armed Forces96 97 98 99

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Venezuela, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful34 90 100 89 35 38

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Venezuela, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined53

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Venezuela, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated53 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Venezuela include101 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Venezuela do not include53 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Venezuela include102 103 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Venezuela include104 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Venezuela, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law105 47 106 92

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Firearm Tracing

In Venezuela, state authorities carry out107 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Venezuela, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are108 65 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Venezuela, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law109 101

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Venezuela, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited109 101

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Venezuela, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit (for all lawful firearms)109 101

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Gun Free Zones

In Venezuela, private guns are prohibited in public events, sporting events, civil work under construction, electoral or referendum processes, educational institutions, health or religious centres, transport terminals, public transport units (airports, ports included), places where alcoholic beverages are sold and consumed,110 111 National Parks, National Monuments, wildlife sanctuaries, wildlife reserves, forest reserves, fishing reserves, and private properties without the written authorisation of their owners112

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Venezuela, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm113 is six years in prison114 115 116 117 118 38

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Venezuela are known to have119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 31 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Venezuela, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2016: 12,772127
2011: 130,14531

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Venezuela, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 372,000 (2003-13)125 3 128 129

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Venezuela, it is state policy130 131 132 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Venezuela adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified133 134 by Venezuela

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed135 by Venezuela.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed136 by Venezuela

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified137 by Venezuela

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Venezuela committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects138

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Venezuela against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 65139 140 141 142 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Venezuela has submitted one or more national reports143 144 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Venezuela, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated145 144

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Venezuela, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated145 144

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Venezuela submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent144

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated144 by Venezuela to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Venezuela has not declared146 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Venezuela has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945147

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list148 Venezuela as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Venezuela, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Venezuela ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Country Analyses: Venezuela.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q11601)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Estimated Total Small Arms, Firearms, and Surpluses in Venezuela, Rounded.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5318)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Country Summaries - Venezuela.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5319)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

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Venezuela.2012.‘Total Firearms with Legal Carrying Permit (Total de Armas de Fuego con Porte Legal).’ Regulation and Logics of the Use of Firearms and Ammunition (Regulación y lógicas del uso de armas de fuego y municiones).Caracas:Presidential Commission for the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Disarmament,1 December. (Q11847)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Venezuela.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,20 May. (Q8737)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Venezuela.2013.‘Carrying and Use of State-owned Firearms (Porte y uso de armas orgánicas).’ Act on the Disarmament and Control of Arms and Ammunition.Caracas:National Assembly of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, N. 846,11 June. (Q9158)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

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Venezuela.2011.‘Total Deaths and Total Gun Deaths 1980-2011 (Defunciones Totales y Defunciones por Arma de Fuego 1980-2011).’ Venezuela: Total Deaths and Total Gun Deaths 1980-2011 (Venezuela: Defunciones Totales y Defunciones por Arma de Fuego 1980-2011).Caracas:Ministry of People's Power for Health (MPPS),31 December. (Q11709)Full Citation

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Venezuela.2016.‘Total Number of Gun Deaths 1980-2009 (Total de Muertes Ocasionadas por Armas de Fuego entre 1980 y 2009).’ Sense and Impact of Firearms Use in Venezuela (Sentido e Impacto del Uso de Armas de Fuego en Venezuela).Caracas:Ministry of the Interior and Justice,1 February. (Q11710)Full Citation

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Fleitas, Diego Manuel, Germán Lodola and Hernán Flom.2014.‘Country Profiles on Crime and Violence: Venezuela.’ Crime and Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional Country Profiles.Buenos Aires:Asociación para Políticas Públicas (APP) and Action on Armed Violence,1 January. (Q11489)Full Citation

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Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

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Venezuela.2016.‘Rate of All Gun Deaths 1980-2009 (Tasa de Muertes Ocasionadas por Armas de Fuego, 1980-2009).’ Sense and Impact of Firearms Use in Venezuela (Sentido e Impacto del Uso de Armas de Fuego en Venezuela).Caracas:Ministry of the Interior and Justice,1 February. (Q11711)Full Citation

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UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 May. (Q13355)Full Citation

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Venezuela.2016.‘Total Homicides in Venezuela 1987-2009 (Total de Homicidios en Venezuela 1987-2009).’ Sense and Impact of Firearms Use in Venezuela (Sentido e Impacto del Uso de Armas de Fuego en Venezuela).Caracas:Ministry of the Interior and Justice,1 February. (Q11712)Full Citation

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UNODC.2014.‘Homicides in Venezuela.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10247)Full Citation

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UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Venezuela.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6337)Full Citation

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OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide 2000-2011.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9209)Full Citation

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OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

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Espinosa Quirós, Ana Yancy.2010.‘Venezuela Basic Diagnostic (Diagnóstico Básico de Venezuela).’ Venezuela Basic Diagnostic (Diagnóstico Básico de Venezuela).Lima:Coalición Latinoamericana para la Prevención de la Violencia Armada (CLAVE),4 July. (Q11904)Full Citation

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