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Uruguay — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Uruguay is

2017: 1,198,0001
2012: 1,100,0002 3 4 5

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Uruguay is

2017: 34.701
2012: 32.62 5

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Uruguay ranked at No. 466

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Uruguay ranked at No. 95

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

ChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Uruguay is reported to be

2010: 1,1867
2009: 4,727
2008: 4,435

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Uruguay is

2010: 0.048
2009: 0.14
2008: 0.13

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Uruguay is reported to be

2017: 605,3131
2015: 604,6329
2014: 580,00010
2010: 450,00011 12
2005: 593,02313 4 14

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Uruguay is

2015: 18.098
2014: 17.40
2010: 13.3511
2005: 18.168

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,15 but in Uruguay there are estimated to be

2017: 592,6871
2009: 500,0004 13

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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,15 but in Uruguay the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 15.318

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Uruguay are reported to have 62,13016 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Uruguay are reported to have 30,00017 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Uruguay, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 39018
2014: 34218
2013: 342
2012: 378
2010: 31319
2009: 30920
2008: 312
2007: 314
2000: 44521 22

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 11.6718
2014: 10.26
2013: 10.29
2012: 11.40
2010: 9.48
2009: 9.38
2008: 9.49
2007: 9.58
2000: 13.82

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Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Uruguay, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 34318
2014: 29418
2013: 297
2012: 327
2010: 272
2009: 262
2008: 271
2007: 265

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Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Uruguay, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 4718
2014: 4818
2013: 45
2012: 51
2010: 41
2009: 47
2008: 41
2007: 49

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 26523
2015: 25818
2014: 222
2013: 219
2012: 223
2011: 19924 25 21 26
2010: 180
2009: 172
2008: 147
2007: 155
2006: 203
2005: 188
2004: 194
2003: 197
2002: 231
2001: 218
2000: 214
1999: 13627
1998: 122

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 7.9123
2015: 7.7218
2014: 6.66
2013: 6.59
2012: 6.72
2011: 6.01
2010: 5.45
2009: 5.22
2008: 4.47
2007: 4.73
2006: 6.13
2005: 5.69
2004: 5.88
2003: 5.96
2002: 6.98
2001: 6.59
2000: 6.48
1999: 4.1127 21
1998: 3.71
1997: 4.721
1996: 4.4
1995: 4.7

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 22328
2015: 22018
2014: 185
2013: 177
2012: 193
2011: 158
2010: 146
2009: 141
2008: 108
2007: 123

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 13.4128
2015: 14.67
2014: 13.15
2013: 12.53
2012: 13.98
2011: 9.68
2010: 10.08
2009: 11.16
2008: 10.95
2007: 10.06

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 3818
2014: 36
2013: 42
2012: 30
2011: 40.99
2010: 34
2009: 31
2008: 39
2007: 32

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.3628
2015: 2.82
2014: 2.88
2013: 3.06
2012: 2.16
2011: 2.34
2010: 2.35
2009: 2.58
2008: 2.54
2007: 1.85

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Uruguay, annual firearm homicides total

2015: 16618
2014: 13918
2013: 126
2012: 131
2011: 9723
2010: 8519
2009: 8720
2008: 56
2007: 63
2006: 4714
2005: 10729
2004: 9321 29 30
2003: 87
2002: 10921 29 31
2001: 182
2000: 8421 29 27
1999: 8727
1998: 75

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 4.9718
2014: 4.17
2013: 3.79
2012: 3.95
2011: 2.96
2010: 2.57
2009: 2.64
2008: 1.70
2007: 1.92
2006: 3.11
2005: 3.229 32
2004: 2.821 29 32
2003: 2.6
2002: 3.3
2001: 5.5
2000: 2.5
1999: 2.6327
1998: 2.28

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Uruguay, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2013: 61%24
2012: 60%
2011: 49%24 25
2009: 51%20
2004: 46.5%21
2003: 44.2%
2002: 47.2%
2001: 83.5%
2000: 39.3%

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Uruguay, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 14918
2014: 124
2013: 115
2012: 122
2010: 78
2009: 77
2008: 47
2007: 52

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Uruguay, annual female firearm homicides total

2015: 1718
2014: 15
2013: 11
2012: 9
2010: 7
2009: 10
2008: 9
2007: 11

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, annual suicides by any means total

2015: 64318
2014: 60118
2013: 555
2012: 604
2010: 550
2009: 514
2008: 529
2007: 591
2006: 553
2005: 491
2004: 522
2003: 647
2002: 673
2001: 550
2000: 586
1990: 31822

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 19.2418
2014: 18.03
2013: 16.69
2012: 18.21
2010: 16.66
2009: 15.61
2008: 16.10
2007: 18.02
2006: 16.7
2005: 14.9
2004: 15.8
2003: 19.6
2002: 20.3
2001: 16.6
2000: 17.8
1990: 9.3122

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, annual male suicides by any means total

2015: 51018
2014: 46618
2013: 431
2012: 481
2010: 424
2009: 411
2008: 415
2007: 455

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Uruguay, annual female suicides by any means total

2015: 13218
2014: 13518
2013: 124
2012: 123
2010: 126
2009: 103
2008: 114
2007: 136

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn Uruguay, annual firearm suicides total

2015: 15218
2014: 12418
2013: 125
2012: 158
2010: 14319
2009: 15420
2008: 148
2007: 175
2000: 24022

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 4.5518
2014: 3.72
2013: 3.76
2012: 4.76
2010: 4.33
2009: 4.68
2008: 4.50
2007: 5.34
2000: 7.0322

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Uruguay, annual male firearm suicides total

2015: 12918
2014: 9918
2013: 102
2012: 127
2010: 118
2009: 127
2008: 125
2007: 148

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Female Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Uruguay, annual female firearm suicides total

2015: 2318
2014: 2518
2013: 23
2012: 31
2010: 25
2009: 27
2008: 23
2007: 27

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Uruguay, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2015: 7018
2014: 7418
2013: 90
2012: 89
2010: 8419
2009: 6620
2008: 107
2007: 74
2000: 11822

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2015: 2.0918
2014: 2.22
2013: 2.71
2012: 2.68
2010: 2.54
2009: 2
2008: 3.26
2007: 2.26
2000: 3.4622

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Uruguay, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2015: 6318
2014: 6718
2013: 79
2012: 78
2010: 75
2009: 56
2008: 98
2007: 63

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Uruguay, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2015: 718
2014: 718
2013: 11
2012: 11
2010: 9
2009: 10
2008: 9
2007: 11

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Uruguay, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2015: 218
2014: 518
2013: 1
2012: 0
2010: 119
2009: 220
2008: 1
2007: 2
2000: 322

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Uruguay, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.0618
2014: 0.15
2013: 0.03
2010: 0.03
2009: 0.06
2008: 0.03
2007: 0.06
2000: 0.09

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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Uruguay, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2015: 218
2014: 418
2013: 1
2012: 0
2010: 1
2009: 2
2008: 1
2007: 2

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Uruguay, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2014: 118
2013: 0
2012: 0
2010: 0

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Uruguay, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence,33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 but is not conducted in practice41 42

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Uruguay, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law43 44 45 46 47 48 49

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Firearm Exports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Uruguay is reported by manufacturers to be

2018: 050
2016: 0
2015: 0

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Uruguay is reported by Customs to be US$46,10651 (2010)

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Firearm Imports

In Uruguay, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law52 53 54 43 44 45 40 55 47 56 48 49

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Firearm Imports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Uruguay is reported to be

2018: 050
2016: 0

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Uruguay is reported by Customs to be US$2,359,22951 (2011)

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Uruguay, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law57 49

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Uruguay include37 46 54 58 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Uruguay is categorised as restrictive59

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Uruguay includes the Decree-Law No. 10415 of 1943,39 Decree No. 2605/943,55 Decree No. 365/969,60 Decree No. 652/970,61 and several other laws

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Uruguay are regulated by the Ministry of National Defence34 and the Material and Weapons Service62 63 35

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Uruguay, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law64 65

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Uruguay, civilians are not allowed to possess firearms intended for the exclusive use of the military, navy, air force and police,66 67 68 such as all long guns for centre-fire cartridges and bullets with a calibre superior to 6.5 mm, automatic pistols of any brand or class whose calibre exceeds 7.65 mm and semi-automatic pistols of any brand or class whose calibre is above 9 mm,55 and incendiary, explosive ammunition or dum-dum bullets69 63

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Uruguay, private possession of fully automatic weapons is permitted under licence, except automatic pistols whose calibre exceeds 7.65 mm63 55

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Uruguay, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence, except semi-automatic pistols whose calibre is above 9 mm63 55

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Regulation of Handguns

In Uruguay, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence, except automatic pistols whose calibre exceeds 7.65 mm and semi-automatic pistols whose calibre is above 9 mm63 55

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Uruguay, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law63 55

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Uruguay, only licensed gun owners70 71 72 63 73 74 75 76 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Uruguay is 18 years77 78

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Uruguay must pass a background check which considers criminal,61 health74 and mental health10 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Uruguay, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required79

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Partner to be Advised or Interviewed

In Uruguay, licensing authorities are not required79 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Uruguay stipulates80 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Uruguay, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required74 10 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Uruguay, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every five years for the Competency Certificate for the Acquisition and Possession of Firearms,81 every ten years for the firearm possession certificate,82 and each year for the Permit to Carry Firearms83

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Licensing Records

In Uruguay, authorities maintain a record62 84 76 73 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Uruguay are permitted to possess any number of firearms79

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Uruguay are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition79

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Uruguay, the law requires62 84 73 85 86 48 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Uruguay, licensed firearm dealers are required87 88 89 90 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Uruguay, licensed gun makers are required40 38 41 42 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Uruguay, State agencies are required67 91 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Uruguay, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless registered in the National Firearm Register85 and conducted by the Material and Weapons Service86 92

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Uruguay, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful89 93 94 76 95 86 40 90 77 78 60

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Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Uruguay is obliged61 74 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Background Checks for Dealer Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Uruguay is obliged61 74 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Uruguay, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined79

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Uruguay, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated79 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Uruguay include76 96 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Uruguay include97 95 76 38 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Uruguay include67 98 99 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Uruguay include95 100 89 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Uruguay, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law101 102 103 104 105 106 41 56 107

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Firearm Tracing

In Uruguay, state authorities carry out108 103 109 48 110 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Uruguay, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not79 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Uruguay, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law111 83 112 100 113

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Uruguay, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited100

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Uruguay, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited100

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Gun Free Zones

In Uruguay, private guns are prohibited in electoral events, meetings, protests, indoor or outdoor games or entertainment events, cabaret, nightclubs, wineries, public dances, or where special provisions prohibit it113 68

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Uruguay, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm114 is six years in prison115 116 117 10 72 118 119 120 121 71

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Uruguay are known to have13 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Uruguay, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2015: 200122
2013: 2,640123

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Small Arms Destroyed

ChartIn Uruguay, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2015: 3,000124
2009: 2,352125 126
2008: 9,766125
2007: 7,857125 14
2006: 2,103125 13 14
2005: 1,512125 13
2004: 2,564
2003: 3,203
2002: 1,611
2001: 1,346
2000: 1,837
1999: 2,930
1998: 2,592

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Uruguay, it is state policy127 128 126 129 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Uruguay adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified130 131 by Uruguay

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed132 by Uruguay.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified133 by Uruguay

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified134 by Uruguay

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Uruguay committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects135

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Uruguay against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 71136 137 138 139 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Uruguay has submitted one or more national reports140 110 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Uruguay, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated141 110

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Uruguay, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated110

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Uruguay submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent110

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated110 by Uruguay to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Uruguay has not declared142 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Uruguay has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945143

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list144 Uruguay as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Uruguay, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Uruguay ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Country Summaries - Uruguay.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5315)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Estimated Total Small Arms, Firearms, and Surpluses in Uruguay, Rounded.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5316)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

7.

Fernandez, Gustavo.2010.‘Licences to Possess and to Carry (Licencias para Tenencia y Portación).’ Plurinational Meeting: Transfer and Illicit trafficking in Firearms: Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile.New York, NY:Fundación Arias para la Paz y el Progreso Humano (ARIAS) y el Centro de Estudios Judiciales,4 October. (Q11400)Full Citation

8.

GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Uruguay.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,23 May. (Q4294)Full Citation

9.

La Prensa (USA), EFE News Agency. 2015. ‘75 Pct. of Guns Used in Crime in Uruguay Are Legal.’ 12 October. (N390) Full Citation

10.

Diario UNO de Entre Rios (Argentina). 2014. ‘Uno De Cada Seis Uruguayos Tiene Un Arma En Su Casa.’ 11 March. (N322) Full Citation

11.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Legally Registered Civilian Firearms.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9208)Full Citation

12.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Civilian Firearms Legally Registered.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5679)Full Citation

13.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Country Summaries - Uruguay.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5317)Full Citation

14.

Guidobono, Gustavo, Martín Fernández and Luis Pedernera.2010.‘Uruguay Basic Diagnostic (Diagnóstico Básico de Uruguay).’ Uruguay Basic Diagnostic (Diagnóstico Básico de Uruguay).Lima:Coalición Latinoamericana para la Prevención de la Violencia Armada (CLAVE),4 July. (Q11903)Full Citation

15.

GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

16.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

17.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

18.

WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

19.

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Uruguay.2014.‘Seizure of Unauthorised Firearms (Incautación de armas de fuego no autorizados).’ Act No. 19.247, on the Possession, Carrying, Commerce and Trafficking of Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Materials.Montevideo:Republic of Uruguay,27 August. (Q10057)Full Citation

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Uruguay.1970.‘Firearm Applications - Criminal and Mental Checks (Aplicaciones de armas de fuego - comprueba penales y mentales).’ Decree 652/970, Regulation on the Acquisition and Possession of Firearms (Decreto 652/970, reglamentación sobre adquisición y tenencia de armas de fuego).Montevideo:Republic of Uruguay,22 December. (Q10022)Full Citation

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