Regions Americas North America United States

United States — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

Federal firearm legislation is limited (below). Many municipalities and all states regulate gun use with their own local law (Go To).

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
Compare
Number of Privately Owned FirearmsThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in the United States is 265,000,0001 2 to 393,347,0003 4 5
Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in the United States is 

120.503
101.054 6 2
Compare
Number of Privately Owned RiflesIn the United States, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 87,079,0001 to 110,000,0004
Compare
Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsIn the United States, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 53,371,0001 to 86,000,0004
Compare
Number of Privately Owned HandgunsIn the United States, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 111,300,0001 to 114,000,0004
Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, the United States ranked at No. 17 
Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, the United States ranked at No. 12
Compare
Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn the United States, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

42.0%8 9
39.0%
41.0%
31.0%10
37%11
33.1%10 11 12 13
31.1%
34.0%
33.1%
34.7%
33.5%
32.4%
34.8%
40.1%
40.6%
42.0%
39.6%
42.2%
46.0%
39.8%
46.0%
44.2%
44.9%
45.3%
47.3%
50.4%
46.5%
46.1%
47.0%
Compare
Proportion of Households with RiflesChartIn the United States, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

20.5%14
19.4%
25.2%
20.4%
21.0%
22.2%
21.6%
22.5%
25.8%
27.3%
25.7%
27.8%
27.8%
29.6%
27.3%
30.0%
31.4%
29.6%
32.5%
31.2%
33.5%
30.5%
28.4%
30.8%
Compare
Proportion of Households with ShotgunsChartIn the United States, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

21.4%15
19.7%
25.4%
20.3%
20.0%
23.2%
20.0%
22.1%
27.2%
27.1%
29.7%
29.0%
28.6%
30.6%
26.4%
30.9%
30.3%
28.7%
32.7%
33.0%
34.8%
30.5%
29.0%
29.0%
Compare
Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn the United States, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

21.9%16
19.6%
26.2%
20.0%
20.7%
21.0%
20.5%
20.5%
23.7%
26.2%
26.1%
22.1%
24.9%
26.8%
24.4%
26.1%
24.1%
21.4%
22.9%
24.9%
21.3%
22.2%
20.3%
20.3%
Compare
Number of Registered FirearmsThe number of registered guns in the United States is reported to be 

1,073,7433
Compare
Estimated Number of Illicit FirearmsUnlawfully held guns cannot be counted, and in the United States most firearms are unregistered, but the combined total is estimated to be 

392,273,2573
Government Guns
Compare
Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of the United States are reported to have 4,535,38017 firearms
Compare
Routine Arming of PoliceIn the United States, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms18 19 20 21
Compare
Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in the United States are reported to have 1,016,00022 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

38,65823
36,247
33,599
33,636
33,563
32,35123 24
31,67223
31,347
31,593
31,224
30,896
30,694
29,569
30,136
30,242
29,573
28,663
28,874 
Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

11.9623
11.30
10.54
10.63
10.69
10.3823 24
10.2623
10.22
10.39
10.37
10.35
10.39
10.10
10.39
10.51
10.38
10.19
10.35
Compare
Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

32,44923
30,520
28,225
28,295
28,340
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

20.4023
19.29
17.98
18.19
18.34
Compare
Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

5,62623
5,187
4,843
4,809
4,697
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

3.4323
3.18
3.00
3.00
2.95
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn the United States, annual homicides by any means25 total 

19,10323
17,525
15,625
15,863
16,443
16,010
16,008
16,799
17,826
18,361
18,573
18,124
17,357
17,732
17,638
20,308
16,765
16,88923 26 27
14,27626 27
18,20828 27
19,645
21,606 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of homicide by any means29 per 100,000 population is 

5.9123
5.45
4.90
5.02
5.24
5.2123 24 30 27 31
5.2723 32 30 27
5.4823 32 33 30 27
5.86
6.10
6.22
6.13
5.93
6.11
6.13
7.13
5.96
6.0523 26 27
5.1926 27
6.727
7.3
8.1
9.9334
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn the United States, annual male homicides by any means total 

15,25323
14,051
12,334
12,516
13,002
Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

9.5923
8.88
7.86
8.04
8.42
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn the United States, annual female homicides by any means total 

3,85023
3,474
3,291
3,347
3,441
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.3523
2.13
2.03
2.09
2.16
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn the United States, annual firearm homicides35 total 

14,41523
12,974
10,945
11,208
11,62223 30
11,06823 24 36 30
11,07823 36 30 27 37
11,493
12,179
12,632
12,79123 27 37
12,35223 30 27 37
11,62423 27 37
11,920
11,82923 38 37
11,348
10,80123
10,82823 26
9,25726 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population39 is 

4.4623
4.04
3.43
3.54
3.7023 6
3.5523 24
3.5923 27 37
3.7523 33 27 37
4.01
4.19
4.29
4.18
3.97
4.11
4.1123 38 37
3.98
3.8423
3.8823 26
3.3726
7.0740
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn the United States, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

60%30
69.6%41 30 31 42
68.1%41 30
68.4%
68.3%
68.8%
68.9%
68.2%
67.0%41
67.2%
67.1%
55.9%
64.4%
64.1%
65.9%
68.0%
68.0%
69.0%
71.4%
71.2%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual male firearm homicides total 

12,21323
11,024
9,278
9,444
9,797
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

7.6823
6.97
5.91
6.07
6.34
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual female firearm homicides total 

2,20223
1,950
1,730
1,763
1,825
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

1.3423
1.19
1.07
1.10
1.14
Compare
Handgun HomicidesChartIn the United States, according to figures43 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), annual handgun homicides total 

7,10536 44
6,447
5,673
5,782
6,404
6,251
6,115
6,501
6,800
7,398
7,836
7,565
7,286
7,745
7,294
6,931
6,778
6,658 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, according to figures45 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

2.206 44
2.01
1.74
1.83
2.04
2.01
1.98
2.12
2.24
2.46
2.63
2.56
2.49
2.67
2.54
2.43
2.40
2.39
Compare
Handgun Homicides (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual handgun homicides total 

1,05346
984
78544
853
872
843
899
1,013
961
976
997
1,074
1,011
1,011
1,024
1,014
1,068
1,082 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3346
0.31
0.2544
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.29
0.33
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.38
0.39
Compare
Male Handgun Homicide Victims (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual male handgun homicides total 

85523
801
618
669
725
Compare
Rate of Male Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of male handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.5423
0.51
0.39
0.43
0.47
Compare
Female Handgun Homicide Victims (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual female handgun homicides total 

19823
183
167
184
147
Compare
Rate of Female Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of female handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1223
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.09
Compare
Long Gun HomicidesChartIn the United States, according to figures47 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), annual long gun homicides total 

63636 44
521
522
593
608
694
733
774
822
910
928
967
910
846
974
897
896
931 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, according to figures48 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.206 44
0.16
0.16
0.19
0.19
0.22
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.31
0.29
0.34
0.31
0.32
0.33
Compare
Long Gun Homicides (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual long gun homicides total 

52249
475
45444
495
489
543
576
640
664
682
768
765
714
687
744
758
694
693 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1649
0.15
0.1444
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.26
0.26
0.24
0.24
0.26
0.27
0.25
0.25
Compare
Male Long Gun Homicide Victims (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual male long gun homicides total 

40623
347
336
367
373
Compare
Rate of Male Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of male long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2623
0.22
0.21
0.24
0.24
Compare
Female Long Gun Homicide Victims (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual female long gun homicides total 

11623
128
119
128
116
Compare
Rate of Female Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of female long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0723
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.07
Compare
Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn the United States, according to figures50 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), annual firearm homicides (other) total 

3,26336 44
2,648
2,117
2,079
1,885
1,708
2,026
1,924
1,906
1,821
1,461
1,626
1,189
1,068
1,260
1,062
987
891 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, according to figures51 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the annual rate of firearm homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

1.016 44
0.83
0.64
0.66
0.60
0.55
0.65
0.63
0.63
0.60
0.49
0.55
0.41
0.37
0.44
0.37
0.35
0.32
Compare
Gun Homicides (Other) (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual firearm homicides (other) total 

12,84052 44
11,515
9,768
9,859
10,261
9,682
9,603
9,840
10,554
10,974
11,026
10,513
9,899
10,222
10,061
9,576
9,039
9,053 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of firearm homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

3.9752
3.59
3.0444
3.12
3.27
3.11
3.11
3.21
3.47
3.64
3.70
3.56
3.38
3.52
3.50
3.36
3.21
3.24
Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims (Other) (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual male firearm homicides (other) total 

10,95223
9,876
8,324
8,408
8,699
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of male firearm homicides (other) per 100,000 population is 

6.8823
6.24
5.30
5.40
5.63
Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims (Other) (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, annual female firearm homicides (other) total 

1,88823
1,639
1,444
1,451
1,562
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures, the annual rate of female firearm homicides (other) per 100,000 population is 

1.1523
1.00
0.89
0.90
0.98
Compare
Suicides (any method)ChartIn the United States, annual suicides by any means total 

44,87623
44,145
42,756
41,060
40,531
39,51823 24
38,36423
36,909
36,03523 53
34,598
33,300
32,63723  54 53
32,43923 53
31,484
31,655
30,62223 55 53
29,35023 53
29,19923 
Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

13.8923
13.73
13.41
12.99
12.91
12.6823 24
12.4323
12.03
11.8523 54 53
11.4923 53
11.16
11.0423 54 53
11.0823 53
10.8523 56 53
11.0123 53
10.7523 55 53
10.4323 53
10.4623
12.0657
Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn the United States, annual male suicides by any means total 

34,65623
33,959
33,107
31,991
31,727
Compare
Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

21.7923
21.46
21.10
20.55
20.54
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn the United States, annual female suicides by any means total 

10,22023
10,186
9,649
9,069
8,804
Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.2323
6.24
5.96
5.65
5.52
Compare
Gun SuicidesChartIn the United States, annual firearm suicides total 

22,93823
22,018
21,334
21,175
20,666
19,99023 24
19,39223
18,735
18,223
17,352
16,883
17,00223 58
16,75023
16,907
17,108
16,86923 55
16,58623
16,599 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

7.1023
6.86
6.69
6.69
6.58
6.4223 24
6.2823
6.11
5.99
5.76
5.66
5.7523 6
5.7223
5.83
5.95
5.9223 55
5.8923
5.95
7.3559
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual male firearm suicides total 

19,64723
18,910
18,383
18,241
17,910
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

12.3523
11.95
11.71
11.72
11.59
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual female firearm suicides total 

3,29123
3,108
3,003
2,934
2,756
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

2.0123
1.90
1.85
1.83
1.73
Compare
Handgun SuicidesChartIn the United States, annual handgun suicides total 

6,12260
5,751
5,385
5,388
5,079
4,806
4,603
4,474
4,119
3,801
3,655
3,654
3,609
3,672
3,597
3,489
3,520
3,476 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

1.8960
1.79
1.69
1.70
1.62
1.54
1.49
1.46
1.35
1.26
1.22
1.24
1.23
1.27
1.25
1.22
1.25
1.25
Compare
Male Handgun Suicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual male handgun suicides total 

5,16723
4,853
4,529
4,523
4,312
Compare
Rate of Male Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

3.2523
3.07
2.89
2.91
2.79
Compare
Female Handgun Suicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual female handgun suicides total 

94523
898
857
865
767
Compare
Rate of Female Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.5823
0.55
0.53
0.54
0.48
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesChartIn the United States, the number of long gun suicides is 

2,89061
2,906
3,034
3,025
3,012
2,961
2,957
2,924
2,952
2,758
2,758
2,915
2,798
2,668
2,908
2,814
2,684
2,776 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.8961
0.91
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.96
0.95
0.97
0.92
0.92
0.99
0.96
0.92
1.01
0.99
0.95
0.99
Compare
Male Long Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual male long gun suicides total 

2,71423
2,713
2,857
2,829
2,830
Compare
Rate of Male Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

1.7123
1.71
1.82
1.82
1.83
Compare
Female Long Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn the United States, annual female long gun suicides total 

17623
193
185
196
182
Compare
Rate of Female Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1123
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.11
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn the United States, annual gun suicides (other) total 

13,93662
13,361
12,915
12,762
12,575
12,223
11,832
11,337
11,152
10,793
10,470
10,433
10,343
10,567
10,603
10,566
10,382
10,347 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

4.3162
4.16
4.05
4.04
4.01
3.92
3.83
3.73
3.67
3.58
3.51
3.53
3.53
3.64
3.69
3.71
3.69
3.71
Compare
Male Gun Suicide (Other) VictimsChartIn the United States, annual male gun suicides (other) total 

11,76623
11,344
10,997
10,889
10,768
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of male gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

7.4023
7.17
7.01
7.00
6.97
Compare
Female Gun Suicide (Other) VictimsChartIn the United States, annual female gun suicides (other) total 

2,17023
2,017
1,961
1,873
1,807
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of female gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

1.3223
1.24
1.21
1.17
1.13
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

48923
485
586
505
548
59123 24
60623 63
55423
592
613
642
78923 58
64923
730
762
80223 55
77623
824 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.1523
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.17
0.1923 24
0.2023
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.2723 6
0.2223
0.25
0.26
0.2823 55
0.2823
0.30
0.5964
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

42423
418
397
441
475
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.2723
0.26
0.25
0.28
0.31
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

7123
71
64
64
73
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0423
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
Compare
Unintentional Handgun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

9465
81
96
79
69
68
91
81
89
90
107
107
93
83
108
108
120
130 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0365
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
Compare
Unintentional Male Handgun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional male shooting deaths by handgun total 

8223
74
83
70
62
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0523
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
Compare
Unintentional Female Handgun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional female shooting deaths by handgun total 

1423
9
9
9
7
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0023
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

5266
62
65
81
67
98
83
98
101
92
73
104
95
105
119
148
131
112 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0266
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
Compare
Unintentional Male Long Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional male shooting deaths by long gun total 

4723
49
47
71
60
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0323
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.04
Compare
Unintentional Female Long Gun DeathsChartIn the United States, annual unintentional female shooting deaths by long gun total 

923
15
7
10
7
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0023
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn the United States, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

34367
342
425
345
412
425
432
375
402
431
462
578
461
542
535
546
525
582 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.1167
0.11
0.13
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.20
0.16
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.21
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn the United States, annual unintentional male shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

29523
295
267
300
353
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.1923
0.19
0.17
0.19
0.23
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn the United States, annual unintentional female shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

4823
47
48
45
59
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Handgun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0323
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

30023
282
270
281
256
24823 24
25223
232
273
276
220
221
235
232
243
23123 55
23023
324 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0923
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.0823 24
0.0823
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.0823 56
0.0823
0.0823 55
0.0823
0.12
0.2268
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

22223
210
217
221
203
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.1423
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.13
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

7823
72
58
60
53
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0523
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
Compare
Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

5269
31
39
33
32
33
37
29
32
39
26
27
31
47
33
36
40
70 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0269
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
Compare
Male Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual male deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

3823
22
31
27
25
Compare
Rate of Male Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause male handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0223
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
Compare
Female Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual female deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

1423
9
8
6
7
Compare
Rate of Female Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause female handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0023
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

2170
25
22
31
23
25
23
24
31
24
23
31
21
26
27
21
24
33 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0170
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Compare
Male Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual male deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

1923
20
19
25
20
Compare
Rate of Male Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause male long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0023
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
Compare
Female Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual female deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

223
5
4
6
3
Compare
Rate of Female Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause female long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0023
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

22771
226
209
217
201
190
192
179
210
213
171
163
183
159
183
174
166
221 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0771
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
Compare
Male Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual male deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

16523
168
167
169
158
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause male gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.1023
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
Compare
Female Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn the United States, annual female deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

6223
58
46
48
43
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause female gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0423
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
Compare
Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn the United States, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

70536
730
678
73072
632
610
632
629
592
597
578
53573
587
616
574
599
473
500
563
646
617
657 
Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.226
0.23
0.21
0.23
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.24
0.23
0.25
Compare
Non-fatal Gun InjuriesChartIn the United States, the annual number of non-fatal firearm injuries74 is 

84,25875
81,396
73,88375 76
73,50575 77 76
66,76975 78 76
78,62275 76
69,863
71,417
69,825
64,389
65,834
58,841
63,012 
Compare
Rate of Non-fatal Gun Injury per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the United States, the annual rate of non-fatal firearm injury74 per 100,000 population is 

26.6575
25.93
23.7175
23.8175 6
21.76
25.8575
23.19
23.93
23.63
21.99
22.69
20.46
22.11

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn the United States, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence79 80 81 82 83
Compare
Number of Small Arms ManufacturedChartThe reported annual number of small arms manufactured in the United States is 

9,358,66184 85
9,050,62686
10,844,79287
8,578,610
6,541,886
5,459,24088 89
5,555,81890
4,498,944
3,922,613
3,653,324
3,241,494
3,099,025
3,308,404
3,366,895
2,932,655
3,793,541
4,047,747
3,713,590
3,593,504
3,854,439
4,316,342
5,173,217
5,055,637
4,175,836
3,563,106
3,959,968
4,418,393
3,963,877
3,559,663
3,040,934 
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, the United States was ranked 'major'91 92
Compare
Home-made GunsIn the United States, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low93

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn the United States, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law94 95
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from the United States is reported by manufacturers to be 

431,82396
406,252
343,45697 96
420,93298 96
393,12199 96
287,554
296,888
241,977100 96
194,744
228,488
204,782
367,521
194,682100
139,920
141,912
150,756
172,611
172,627
220,318
203,344
275,081
331,997
424,221
404,473
431,204
403,791
401,165
361,625
261,282
257,182
288,045
217,448
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from the United States is reported by Customs to be US$

2,119,761,090101
2,072,795,626
2,296,279,158
2,080,887,092
1,861,966,248101 102 103
844,462,435104
821,000,000105
603,000,000102 106 107
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, the United States was categorized as 'major'108 109 110 111 107 112
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn the United States, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law94 95 81 80 113 114
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to the United States is reported to be 

5,137,771115 96
3,930,211116 96
3,625,268117 96
5,539,539
4,844,590
3,252,404118 96
2,839,947
3,607,10690 96
2,606,386
2,743,993
2,432,522
2,106,67590
1,910,859
1,466,502
1,629,237
1,366,896
1,096,782
891,799
999,810
939,415
881,578
1,103,404
1,880,902
3,043,321
2,846,710
720,657
843,809
1,007,781
1,276,268
1,063,513
701,000
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to the United States is reported by Customs to be US$

5,102,574,716101
4,128,518,744
4,496,815,238
5,185,692,436
3,843,168,772101 119 108 120 121
1,390,792,761104 110 122
1,340,000,000123
662,000,000119 124
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in the United States is moderate125
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn the United States, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law126 95
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in the United States include127 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, the United States scored 

15.75128
14.25129
15.25130
15.75131
15.00132
15.00133
16.25134
16.25135
16.25136
16.50137
16.50138
16.75139
16.25140
16.50141 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in the United States is categorised as permissive142
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in the United States includes the National Firearms Act of 1934,97 the Gun Control Act 1968143 as amended144 and the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act 1993.145 This is Federal legislation only, each US state and territory enacts its own gun law
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in the United States are regulated by the federal, state, and local authorities143
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn the United States, the right to private gun ownership is conditionally guaranteed by the US Constitution,146 as limited by federal law.147 148 For similar local rights, see each state.
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn the United States, civilians are not allowed to possess machine-guns, sawn-off shotguns and rifles, silencers, and armour-piercing ammunition without appropriate registration149 150 151
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn the United States, private possession of fully automatic weapons is permitted subject to federal licensing and registration150 151 31
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn the United States, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted without a licence in almost all jurisdictions152
Compare
Regulation of HandgunsIn the United States, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted without a licence in almost all jurisdictions150 82 31
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn the United States,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law150 31
Compare
Gun Ownership and PossessionIn the United States, non-prohibited persons of minimum age153 154 31 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in the United States is regulated by state or local authorities according to weapon type, but is 18 years to purchase shotguns and rifles, or 21 years to purchase all other firearms, according to Federal law155 156 157
Compare
Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in the United States stipulates158 159 154 that firearm possession should be denied or guns seized
Compare
Licensing RecordsIn the United States, authorities do not maintain a record160 of individual civilians permitted to acquire, possess, carry, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Firearm Registration
Compare
Civilian Gun RegistrationIn the United States, the law does not require161 160 113 162 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Compare
Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn the United States, licensed firearm dealers are required163 164 113 162 165 95 166 80 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn the United States, licensed gun makers are required163 113 162 95 166 80 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
Compare
State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn the United States, State agencies are required167 168 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
Compare
Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn the United States, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted169 79 154
Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn the United States, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful79 80 154
Compare
Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in the United States is not obliged169 153 170 171 154 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in the United States is obliged172 173 174 175 176 177 80 154 82 83 178 31 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Number of Licensed Gun DealersChartThe number of licensed firearm dealers in the United States is reported to be 

2016: 137,464179
2015: 139,840180
2014: 141,116181
2013: 139,244
2012: 130,956
2011: 123,587182
2010: 118,487
2009: 115,395
2008: 112,943
2007: 108,933
2006: 107,316
2005: 106,432
2004: 106,214
2003: 104,105
2002: 103,411
2001: 102,913
2000: 103,157
1999: 103,942
1998: 105,536
1997: 107,554
1996: 135,794
1995: 191,495
1994: 250,833
1993: 283,925
1992: 284,117
1991: 276,116
1990: 269,079
1989: 264,063
1988: 272,953
1987: 262,022
1986: 267,166
1985: 248,794
1984: 222,443
1983: 230,613
1982: 211,918
1981: 190,296
1980: 174,619
1979: 171,216
1978: 169,052
1977: 173,484
1976: 165,697
1975: 161,927
Compare
Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn the United States, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined172 83
Compare
Regulation of Gun ShowsIn the United States, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated183 184 171 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in the United States include185 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by non-disqualified individuals
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in the United States include168 186  written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in the United States include187  written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn the United States, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law81 166 167 188 
Compare
Firearm TracingIn the United States, state authorities carry out166 167 189 190  recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn the United States, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are191 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn the United States, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed with or without a permit depending on the jurisdiction, and prohibited in others143 31
Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn the United States, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed with or without a permit depending on the jurisdiction, and prohibited in others143 31
Compare
Exempting Hidden Handgun Permit Holders from Background ChecksAlthough under US federal law, gun owners with a valid permit to carry a hidden handgun are exempt from background checks when buying from a licensed gun dealer,192 193 many state laws are more restrictive
Compare
Gun Free ZonesIn the United States, private guns are prohibited in federal facilities,194 schools195 and National Parks (unless otherwise specifically permitted)196 
Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn the United States, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm197 is 10 years in prison198
Compare
Collection, Amnesty and Destruction ProgrammesAuthorities in the United States are known to have199 114 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedIn the United States, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2008: 10,000200
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedIn the United States, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be more than 1,000,000201 (military only, 1993-2015)202 199
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn the United States, it is state policy203 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Organization of American StatesOn 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), the United States adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed, but not yet ratified204 205 by the United States
United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeThe UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists206 the United States as an elected member
Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed207 by the United States.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified208 by the United States
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed209 by the United States
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, the United States committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects210
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored the United States against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 28211 212 213 214 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, the United States have submitted one or more national reports215 216 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn the United States, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated217 216
Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn the United States, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated216
Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of the United States submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent216
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated216 by the United States to other UN Member States
Compare
United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, the United States has declared218 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, the United States have been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945219
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists220 the United States as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry ProfileLink
Conflict ProfileFor a profile of conflict in the United States, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where the United States ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.: Azrael, Deborah, Lisa Hepburn, David Hemenway, and Matthew Miller.2017.‘The Stock and Flow of U.S. Firearms: Results from the 2015 National Firearms Survey.’ Journal of the Social Sciences.Boston MA:Russell Sage Foundation,5 October. (Q13289)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
4.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘How Many Guns Are in the United States? - Number.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6676)Full Citation
5.: Christopher Ingraham. 2015. ‘There Are Now More Guns than People in the United States.’ Washington Post. 5 October. (N395) Full Citation
6.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Rates - United States.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,25 July. (Q4337)Full Citation
7.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation
8.: Parker, Kim, Juliana Horowitz, Ruth Igielnik, Baxter Oliphant, and Anna Brown.2017.‘The Demographics of Gun Ownership - Gun Ownership is Most Common Among Men, Whites.’ America's Complex Relationship With Guns: An In-depth Look at the Attitudes and Experiences of U.S. Adults.Washington DC:Pew Research Center (U.S. Politics & Policy),22 June. (Q13288)Full Citation
9.: Gallup.2018.‘Question: Do you have a gun in your home? - All responses.’ Gallop Historical Trends: Guns.Washington DC:Gallup, USA,8 May. (Q13290)Full Citation
10.: Smith, Tom W. and Son Jaesok.2015.‘Question: Do You Happen to Have in Your Home (or Garage) Any Guns or Revolvers?.’ General Social Survey: Trends in Gun Ownership in the United States, 1972-2014.Chicago, IL:National Opinion Research Center / NORC at the University of Chicago,1 March. (Q8323)Full Citation
11.: Pew Research Center.2013.‘Section 3: Gun Ownership Trends and Demographics.’ Why Own A Gun? Protection Is Now Top Reason.Washington DC:Pew Research Center (U.S. Politics & Policy),12 March. (Q11359)Full Citation
12.: Siegel, Michael, Craig S. Ross and Charles King III.2013.‘Table A1: Average Gun Ownership Levels (Measured by Percentage of Suicides Committed Using Firearms) by State and Decade.’ The Relationship Between Gun Ownership and Firearm Homicide Rates in the United States, 1981–2010.Washington, DC:American Journal of Public Health,1 November. (Q8324)Full Citation
13.: Sabrina Tavernise and Robert Gebeloff. 2013. ‘Share of Homes with Guns Shows 4-Decade Decline.’ New York Times. 9 March. (N315) Full Citation
14.: General Social Survey.2013.‘Question 237a: If Yes: Is It a Pistol, Shotgun, Rifle, or What? - Rifle.’ General Social Survey Cumulative Datafile 1972-2012.Chicago, IL:National Opinion Research Center / NORC at the University of Chicago,16 December. (Q8354)Full Citation
15.: General Social Survey.2013.‘Question 237a: If Yes: Is It a Pistol, Shotgun, Rifle, or What? - Shotgun.’ General Social Survey Cumulative Datafile 1972-2012.Chicago, IL:National Opinion Research Center / NORC at the University of Chicago,16 December. (Q8355)Full Citation
16.: General Social Survey.2013.‘Question 237a: If Yes: Is It a Pistol, Shotgun, Rifle, or What? - Pistol.’ General Social Survey Cumulative Datafile 1972-2012.Chicago, IL:National Opinion Research Center / NORC at the University of Chicago,16 December. (Q8353)Full Citation
17.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
18.: USA.2004.‘Exemption of Qualified Law Enforcement Officers from State Laws Prohibiting the Carrying of Concealed Firearms.’ Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004, Public Law 108–277, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,22 July. (Q6771)Full Citation
19.: Reaves, Brian A..2012.‘Methodology.’ Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2008.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,1 June. (Q6768)Full Citation
20.: FBI.2013.‘What Kinds of Guns Do FBI Agents Use?.’ Frequently Asked Questions.Washington, DC:Federal Bureau of Investigation,16 May. (Q6770)Full Citation
21.: US Customs and Border Protection Information Center.2011.‘What Are the Qualifications to Becoming a CBP Officer?.’ Find an Answer: Career as a CBP Officer.Washington, DC:US Customs and Border Protection,31 May. (Q6769)Full Citation
22.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
23.: CDC.2017.‘Injury Mortality Reports 1999 and Onwards (USA).’ Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System / CDC WISQARS.Atlanta:National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC,20 December. (Q1377)Full Citation
24.: Hoyert, Donna L. and Jiaquan Xu.2012.‘Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2011 - Selected Causes.’ National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSS).Hyattsville, MD:US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Division of Vital Statistics,10 October. (Q6492)Full Citation
25.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Homicides (any method).’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 10 May. (G17) Full Citation
26.: UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation
27.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - United States.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6340)Full Citation
28.: Barclay, Gordon, Cynthia Tavares and Arsalaan Siddique.2001.‘Crimes Recorded by Police: Homicide.’ International Comparisons of Criminal Justice Statistics 1999.London:UK Home Office,1 May. (Q2143)Full Citation
29.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method).’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 10 May. (G18) Full Citation
30.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in the United States.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q8902)Full Citation
31.: Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: United States of America.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9476)Full Citation
32.: OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide 2000-2011.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9209)Full Citation
33.: OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation
34.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1301)Full Citation
35.: GunPolicy.org. 2018. ‘Number of Gun Homicides.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 27 March. (G19) Full Citation
36.: FBI.2017.‘Crime in the United States / CIUS.’ Uniform Crime Reports / UCR.Washington, DC:US Federal Bureau of Investigation,1 September. (Q1978)Full Citation
37.: OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide Committed by Firearms 2000-2010.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9210)Full Citation
38.: UNODC.2005.‘Recorded Homicide and Firearm Homicide in 53 Countries, Completed or Attempted.’ Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001-2002).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,15 April. (Q1077)Full Citation
39.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 10 May. (G20) Full Citation
40.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1297)Full Citation
41.: Schroeder, Matt.2014.‘Percentage of Violence Involving a Firearm in the United States, by Type of Crime, 1993 - 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10995)Full Citation
42.: Schroeder, Matt.2014.‘Armed Violence in the United States.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11040)Full Citation
43.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Number of Handgun Homicides.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G142) Full Citation
44.: Rokaw, William M., James A. Mercy and Jack C. Smith.1990.‘Comparing Death Certificate Data with FBI Crime Reporting Statistics on US Homicides.’ Public Health Reports.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),1 September. (Q6535)Full Citation
45.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G155) Full Citation
46.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Assault by Handgun Discharge.’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q8366)Full Citation
47.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Number of Long Gun Homicides.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G143) Full Citation
48.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G156) Full Citation
49.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Assault by Rifle, Shotgun and Larger Firearm Discharge.’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q8367)Full Citation
50.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Number of Gun Homicides (Other).’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G144) Full Citation
51.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G157) Full Citation
52.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Assault by Other and Unspecified Firearm Discharge.’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q8368)Full Citation
53.: OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Suicide 2000-2009.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9206)Full Citation
54.: OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation
55.: Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation
56.: Richardson, Erin G. and David Hemenway.2011.‘Table 1: Death Rates in the United States per 100,000 Population, Overall and by Gender, 2003.’ Homicide, Suicide, and Unintentional Firearm Fatality: Comparing the United States With Other High-Income Countries, 2003.Los Angeles, CA:The Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection, and Critical Care,1 January. (Q4878)Full Citation
57.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation
58.: Curfman, Gregory D, Stephen Morrissey and Jeffrey M Drazen.2008.‘Handgun Violence, Public Health, and the Law.’ New England Journal of Medicine.Massachusetts:Massachusetts Medical Society,3 April. (Q1975)Full Citation
59.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation
60.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Intentional Self-harm by Handgun Discharge (ICD-10 Code: X72).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6483)Full Citation
61.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Intentional Self-harm by Rifle, Shotgun and Larger Firearm Discharge (ICD-10 Code: X73).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6484)Full Citation
62.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Intentional Self-harm by Other and Unspecified Firearm Discharge (ICD-10 Code: X74).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6485)Full Citation
63.: Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation
64.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation
65.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Handgun Discharge, Accidental Injury (ICD-10 Code: W32).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6480)Full Citation
66.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Rifle, Shotgun and Larger Firearm Discharge, Accidental Injury (ICD-10 Code: W33).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6481)Full Citation
67.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Discharge from Other and Unspecified Firearms, Accidental Injury (ICD-10 Code: W34).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6482)Full Citation
68.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1300)Full Citation
69.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Handgun Discharge, Undetermined Intent (ICD-10 Code: Y22).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6489)Full Citation
70.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Rifle, Shotgun and Larger Firearm Discharge, Undetermined Intent (ICD-10 Code: Y23).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6490)Full Citation
71.: CDC.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results - Other and Unspecified Firearm Discharge, Undetermined Intent (ICD-10 Code: Y24).’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,20 December. (Q6491)Full Citation
72.: Kate Masters. 2016. ‘Police Kill Far More People With Guns Than Key Federal Data Sources Show.’ Trace. 20 March. (N456) Full Citation
73.: Fox, James Alan and Marianne W. Zawitz.2010.‘Trends in Justifiable Homicide by Police and Citizens 1995-2005.’ Homicide Trends in the United States.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,25 January. (Q6808)Full Citation
74.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Airgun-related Mortality and Morbidity in the United States.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 16 January. (G186) Full Citation
75.: CDC WISQARS.2013.‘Nonfatal Injury Reports, 2001 - 2013.’ Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System / CDC WISQARS.Atlanta, GA:National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC,28 March. (Q6766)Full Citation
76.: Planty, Michael and Jennifer L. Truman.2013.‘Nonfatal Firearm Injuries, 2001–2011.’ Firearm Violence, 1993-2011.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,1 May. (Q6767)Full Citation
77.: Webster, Daniel W and Jon S Vernick.2013.‘Introduction.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6733)Full Citation
78.: Wintemute, Garen J, and Anthony A Braga.2011.‘Opportunities for State-Level Action to Reduce Firearm Violence: Proceeding From the Evidence.’ American Journal of Public Health.Stanford, CA:American Public Health Association,1 September. (Q6734)Full Citation
79.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1390)Full Citation
80.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘Licensed Dealers and Firearms Transfers.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6687)Full Citation
81.: USA.2012.‘Marking of All SALW at Time of Manufacture.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6784)Full Citation
82.: Cook, Philip J and Jens Ludwig.2013.‘The Limited Impact of the Brady Act - Introduction of the Brady Act.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6716)Full Citation
83.: Cook, Philip J and Jens Ludwig.2013.‘The Limited Impact of the Brady Act - No Evidence of Reduction in Deaths.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6717)Full Citation
84.: ATF.2017.‘Firearms Manufactured (1986-2015).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States - Annual Statistical Update 2017.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),6 September. (Q13291)Full Citation
85.: Huffington Post (USA). 2016. ‘The Easiest States to Buy a Gun.’ 13 May. (N578) Full Citation
86.: USA.2016.‘Firearms Manufactured (1986 - 2014).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2016.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),9 August. (Q13203)Full Citation
87.: USA.2016.‘Firearms Manufactured (1986 - 2013).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2015.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),15 March. (Q13202)Full Citation
88.: USA.2012.‘Firearms Manufactured (1986-2010).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States - Annual Statistical Update 2012.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 January. (Q6724)Full Citation
89.: Leshner, Alan I., Bruce M. Altevogt, Arlene F. Lee, Margaret A. McCoy, and Patrick W. Kelley.2013.‘Availability of Firearms.’ Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence.Washington, DC:National Academy of Sciences (NAS),1 June. (Q7164)Full Citation
90.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘How Many Guns Are in the United States? - Imports.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6677)Full Citation
91.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation
92.: Cook, Philip J, Wendy Cukier and Keith Krause.2009.‘Firearms and Firearm Regulation in North America: United States.’ The Illicit Firearms Trade in North America.London:Criminology & Criminal Justice,1 August. (Q1980)Full Citation
93.: ATF.2013.‘Does the GCA Prohibit Anyone from Making a Handgun, Shotgun or Rifle?.’ General Questions.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 May. (Q6775)Full Citation
94.: USA.2012.‘Export and Import Licensing.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6782)Full Citation
95.: USA.2012.‘"Record Keeping" on Manufacture, Holding and Transfer.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6783)Full Citation
96.: UN Register of Conventional Arms.2018.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports - United States.’ UNROCA - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q13380)Full Citation
97.: ATF.2017.‘Firearms Manufacturers' Exports (1986-2015).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States - Annual Statistical Update 2017.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),6 September. (Q13292)Full Citation
98.: USA.2016.‘Firearms Manufacturers' Exports (1986 - 2014).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2016.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),9 August. (Q13205)Full Citation
99.: USA.2016.‘Firearms Manufacturers' Exports (1986 - 2013).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2015.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),15 March. (Q13204)Full Citation
100.: USA.2012.‘Firearms Manufacturers' Exports (1986-2010).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States Annual Statistical Update 2012.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 January. (Q6725)Full Citation
101.: United Nations.2018.‘National Customs Data on Small Arms Exports and Imports - United States.’ UN Comtrade International Trade Statistics Database.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,1 January. (Q13457)Full Citation
102.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Trends in Small Arms Exports per Top Exporter and for All Exporters, as Reported to UN Comtrade, 2001-2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11071)Full Citation
103.: Rigual, Christelle.2015.‘Annexe 4.1: Major Exporters.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11077)Full Citation
104.: Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation
105.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Annexes 8.1: Major Exporters.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q8485)Full Citation
106.: Berman, Eric.2011.‘Small Arms Transfers: Exporting States.’ Weapons and Markets.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,25 October. (Q5982)Full Citation
107.: Herron, Patrick, Jasna Lazarevic, Nic Marsh and Matt Schroeder.2011.‘Top Exporters and Importers of Small Arms in 2008.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 July. (Q5983)Full Citation
108.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Top Exporters and Importers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11068)Full Citation
109.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11069)Full Citation
110.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Major Exporters and Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11036)Full Citation
111.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11037)Full Citation
112.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation
113.: USA.1976.‘Registration of Firearms.’ The National Firearm Act of 1934, Public Law 90-618, Title 26, Chapter 53, United States Code - Machine Guns, Destructive Devices, and Certain Other Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,4 October. (Q6831)Full Citation
114.: Schroeder, Matt.2014.‘Illicit Weapons in The United States - Main Findings.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11039)Full Citation
115.: ATF.2017.‘Firearms Imports (1986-2016).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States - Annual Statistical Update 2017.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),6 September. (Q13293)Full Citation
116.: USA.2016.‘Firearms Imports (1986 - 2015).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2016.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),9 August. (Q13207)Full Citation
117.: USA.2016.‘Firearms Imports (1986 - 2014).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2015.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),15 March. (Q13206)Full Citation
118.: USA.2012.‘Firearms Imports (1986-2011).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2012.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 January. (Q6722)Full Citation
119.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Trends in Small Arms Imports per Top Importer and for All Importers, as Reported to UN Comtrade, 2001-2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11072)Full Citation
120.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Importers of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11070)Full Citation
121.: Rigual, Christelle.2015.‘Annexe 4.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11078)Full Citation
122.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Importers of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11041)Full Citation
123.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Annexes 8.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q8486)Full Citation
124.: Berman, Eric.2011.‘Small Arms Transfers: Importing States.’ Weapons and Markets.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 November. (Q5997)Full Citation
125.: Schroeder, Matt.2016.‘Introduction.’ Dribs and Drabs: Mechanisms of Small Arms Trafficking from the United States.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 March. (Q13285)Full Citation
126.: USA.2012.‘Regulation of Arms Brokers, Legal and Enforcement Tools.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6779)Full Citation
127.: USA.2012.‘End-user Certification; Legal and Enforcement Measures.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6781)Full Citation
128.: Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2018.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.’ The 2018 Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. (Q13505)Full Citation
129.: Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2017.‘United States.’ Trade Update 2017: Out of the Shadows.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 September. (Q13294)Full Citation
130.: Pavesi, Irene.2016.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2016.’ Trade Update 2016: Transfers and Transparency.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 June. (Q12070)Full Citation
131.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10547)Full Citation
132.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2013.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q6871)Full Citation
133.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2012.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q6869)Full Citation
134.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2011.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 July. (Q10549)Full Citation
135.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2010.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2010: Gangs, Groups and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 June. (Q10550)Full Citation
136.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2009.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2009.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,9 July. (Q10551)Full Citation
137.: Close, Helen and Chris Stevenson.2008.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2008.’ Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 July. (Q10552)Full Citation
138.: Glatz, Anne-Kathrin and Lora Lumpe.2007.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2007.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q10553)Full Citation
139.: Khakee, Anna, Pablo Dreyfus and Anne-Kathrin Glatz.2006.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10554)Full Citation
140.: Khakee, Anna.2005.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2005.’ Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 July. (Q10555)Full Citation
141.: Khakee, Anna.2004.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004.’ Small Arms Survey 2004: Rights at Risk.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10556)Full Citation
142.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
143.: USA.1968.‘Gun Control Act: Purpose.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1379)Full Citation
144.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘Federal Regulation of Firearms.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6678)Full Citation
145.: USA.1993.‘Short Title.’ Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993, Public Law 103-159, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington DC:Congress of the United States,11 November. (Q13296)Full Citation
146.: USA.1791.‘Second Amendment to the Constitution.’ Constitution of the United States, The Bill of Rights.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States of America,15 December. (Q1954)Full Citation
147.: Scalia, J.2008.‘District of Columbia et al. v. Heller.’ Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.Washington, DC:Supreme Court of the United States,26 June. (Q8502)Full Citation
148.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘Overview of Legislative Action in the 111th Congress.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6744)Full Citation
149.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1391)Full Citation
150.: ATF.2010.‘National Firearms Act (NFA).’ Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives - National Firearms Act Branch.Martinsburg, VA:US Department of Justice,8 July. (Q2036)Full Citation
151.: USA.1926.‘Definitions.’ US Code, Title 26E, Chapter 53: Machine Guns, Destructive Devices, and Certain Other Firearms [Code as 2006].Washington, DC:Office of the Law Revision Counsel, United States House of Representatives,30 June. (Q3157)Full Citation
152.: LCAV.2009.‘Federal Law Summary: Assault Weapons.’ Legal Community Against Violence.San Francisco, CA:Legal Community Against Violence / LCAV,25 November. (Q1984)Full Citation
153.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearm.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1389)Full Citation
154.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘Firearms Transfer and Possession Eligibility.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6685)Full Citation
155.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1902)Full Citation
156.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts -Transfer to a Juvenile.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6841)Full Citation
157.: Krouse, William J.2012.‘Age Eligibility.’ Gun Control Legislation.Washington, DC:United States Congressional Research Service,14 November. (Q6686)Full Citation
158.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts - Domestic Violence.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6788)Full Citation
159.: USA.2006.‘Impediments to Record Checks.’ Survey of State Procedures Related to Firearm Sales, 2005.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics,1 November. (Q6801)Full Citation
160.: USA.2013.‘Retention and Destruction of Records in the System.’ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 28, Chapter I, Judicial Administration, Department of Justice.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,11 June. (Q6832)Full Citation
161.: USA.1968.‘Rules and Regulations.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1392)Full Citation
162.: ATF.2013.‘The Types of Firearms that Must Be Registered in the National Firearm Registration and Transfer Record Are Defined in the NFA and 27 CFR, Part 479. What Are Some Examples?.’ FAQ: National Firearms Act (NFA) - Firearms.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),10 June. (Q6833)Full Citation
163.: USA.1968.‘Licensing.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1955)Full Citation
164.: USA.1968.‘Licensing - Multiple Sales.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6826)Full Citation
165.: ATF.2011.‘Report of Multiple Sale or Other Disposition of Certain Rifles.’ Agency Information Collection Activities - Proposed Collection Comments Requested.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF),29 April. (Q6827)Full Citation
166.: USA.2008.‘Implementing of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1588)Full Citation
167.: USA.2008.‘Implementing of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1590)Full Citation
168.: USA.2007.‘Management and Security of National Stockpiles.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,17 July. (Q1597)Full Citation
169.: USA.1968.‘Purpose.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q4168)Full Citation
170.: EFSGV.2002.‘Summary: The Benefits of Requiring a Criminal Background Check for Every Gun Sale.’ Closing Illegal Gun Markets: Extending Criminal Background Checks to All Gun Sales.Washington, DC:Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence (EFSGV),1 May. (Q6822)Full Citation
171.: Cook, Philip J and Jens Ludwig.2013.‘The Limited Impact of the Brady Act - Discussion.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6718)Full Citation
172.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts - The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act: Background Check.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6790)Full Citation
173.: USA.2008.‘Sales or Deliveries of Firearms On and After November 30, 1998.’ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Chapter II, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,2 October. (Q6815)Full Citation
174.: FBI.2013.‘National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).’ Federal Bureau of Investigation - Fact Sheet.Clarksburg:Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Services Division,22 May. (Q6800)Full Citation
175.: Brand, Rachel L.2007.‘Authority to Obtain Relevant Records for the Databases Checked by the NICS.’ Lethal Loopholes: Deficiencies in State and Federal Gun Purchase Laws.Washington, DC:United States Department of Justice,10 May. (Q6824)Full Citation
176.: USA.2000.‘Allowing More Research Time for Background Checks.’ Gun Control: Implementation of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System.Washington, DC:United States General Accounting Office (GAO),1 February. (Q6821)Full Citation
177.: USA.2007.‘Identify Groups and Individuals Associated with Illicit SALW Activities.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,17 July. (Q1592)Full Citation
178.: Swanson, Jeffrey W, Allison Gilbert Robertson, Linda K Frisman, Michael A Norko, Hsiu-Ju Lin, Marvin S Swartz and Philip J Cook.2013.‘Preventing Gun Violence Involving People with Serious Mental Illness - Legacy of 1968 Law.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6721)Full Citation
179.: ATF.2017.‘Federal Firearms Licensees Total (1975-2016).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States - Annual Statistical Update 2017.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),6 September. (Q13297)Full Citation
180.: USA.2016.‘Federal Firearms Dealers Total (1975 - 2015).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2016.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),9 August. (Q13209)Full Citation
181.: USA.2016.‘Federal Firearms Dealers Total (1975 - 2014).’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2015.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),15 March. (Q13208)Full Citation
182.: USA.2012.‘Federal Firearms Licensees Total (1975-2011).’ Firearms Commerce in the United States Annual Statistical Update 2012.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 January. (Q6726)Full Citation
183.: USA.1968.‘Licensing.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1393)Full Citation
184.: USA.1988.‘Conduct of Business Away from Licensed Premises.’ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Chapter II, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,31 March. (Q6835)Full Citation
185.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts - Secure Gun Storage or Safety Device.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6802)Full Citation
186.: USA.2008.‘Gaps in Implementation of the UN Program of Action.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1591)Full Citation
187.: USA.1968.‘Interstate Transportation of Firearms.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1394)Full Citation
188.: USA.2007.‘Marking of All SALW at Time of Manufacture.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,17 July. (Q1593)Full Citation
189.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Marking and Tracing.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:UN Development Programme / UNDP, UN Institute for Disarmament Research / UNIDIR, UN Office for Disarmament Affairs / UNODA, Small Arms Survey,1 November. (Q1977)Full Citation
190.: Wintemute, G J.2009.‘Introduction.’ Disproportionate Sales of Crime Guns Among Licensed Handgun Retailers in the United States: A Case-Control Study.London:BMJ Journals: Injury Prevention,5 October. (Q1979)Full Citation
191.: ATF.2018.‘National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN).’ Tools & Services for Law Enforcement.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),27 April. (Q13298)Full Citation
192.: USA.1968.‘Unlawful Acts - The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act: Background Check.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6828)Full Citation
193.: USA.2008.‘Sales or Deliveries of Firearms On and After November 30, 1998.’ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Chapter II, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,2 October. (Q6829)Full Citation
194.: USA.1968.‘Possession of Firearms and Dangerous Weapons in Federal Facilities.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q1395)Full Citation
195.: USA.1990.‘Unlawful Acts.’ The Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990, Public Law 101-647, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6785)Full Citation
196.: USA.1983.‘Weapons, Traps and Nets.’ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Chapter I, National Park Service, Department of the Interior.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,30 June. (Q6839)Full Citation
197.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
198.: USA.1968.‘Penalties.’ Gun Control Act of 1968, Public Law 90-618, Title 18, United States Code - Firearms.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States,1 January. (Q6840)Full Citation
199.: Karp, Aaron.2008.‘Inconspicuous Disarmament: Introduction.’ Contemporary Security Policy: Inconspicuous disarmament: The politics of destroying surplus small arms and ammunition.Arlington, VA:Routledge / Taylor & Francis,1 April. (Q1990)Full Citation
200.: UNODC.2010.‘Number of Firearms Seized by the US Border Control Agencies, 2008.’ The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment (TOCTA).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 June. (Q13179)Full Citation
201.: Cody Derespina. 2016. ‘Meet 'Captain Crunch,' the Pentagon Gun Muncher that Has Destroyed 1M Firearms.’ Fox News (USA). 25 February. (N442) Full Citation
202.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q11758)Full Citation
203.: USA.2012.‘Destruction of Surplus, Confiscated, Seized and Collected SALW.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6780)Full Citation
204.: OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation
205.: OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington, DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation
206.: UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation
207.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
208.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
209.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
210.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
211.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
212.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
213.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
214.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
215.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
216.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
217.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
218.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
219.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
220.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

Search, View and Navigation

Find Gun Policy Facts

Go To ..

United States — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Firearms

CompareRate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Rifles

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Shotguns

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Handguns

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

CompareRate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

CompareProportion of Households with Firearms

CompareProportion of Households with Rifles

CompareProportion of Households with Shotguns

CompareProportion of Households with Handguns

CompareNumber of Registered Firearms

CompareEstimated Number of Illicit Firearms

CompareNumber of Military Firearms

CompareRoutine Arming of Police

CompareNumber of Law Enforcement Firearms

CompareRate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

CompareTotal Number of Male Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareTotal Number of Female Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareMale Homicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareFemale Homicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareRate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareProportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

CompareMale Gun Homicide Victims

CompareRate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Gun Homicide Victims

CompareRate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareMale Handgun Homicide Victims (CDC)

CompareRate of Male Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareFemale Handgun Homicide Victims (CDC)

CompareRate of Female Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareRate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareMale Long Gun Homicide Victims (CDC)

CompareRate of Male Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareFemale Long Gun Homicide Victims (CDC)

CompareRate of Female Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareRate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareMale Gun Homicide Victims (Other) (CDC)

CompareRate of Male Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareFemale Gun Homicide Victims (Other) (CDC)

CompareRate of Female Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)

CompareRate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareMale Suicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareFemale Suicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareRate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareMale Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareMale Handgun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Male Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Handgun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Female Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareMale Long Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Male Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Long Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Female Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareMale Gun Suicide (Other) Victims

CompareRate of Male Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Gun Suicide (Other) Victims

CompareRate of Female Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Rifles

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Handguns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

Compare
Proportion of Households with Firearms

Compare
Proportion of Households with Rifles

Compare
Proportion of Households with Shotguns

Compare
Proportion of Households with Handguns

Compare
Number of Registered Firearms

Compare
Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

Compare
Routine Arming of Police

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

Compare
Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Male Handgun Homicide Victims (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Male Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Female Handgun Homicide Victims (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Female Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Male Long Gun Homicide Victims (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Male Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Female Long Gun Homicide Victims (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Female Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims (Other) (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims (Other) (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)

Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Handgun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Handgun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Long Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Long Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Gun Suicide (Other) Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Gun Suicide (Other) Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People