Taiwan — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Taiwan is 

2017: 10,0001
2005: 725,0002
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Taiwan is 

2017: 01
2005: 4.42
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Taiwan ranked at No. 1803
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Taiwan ranked at No.2033
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Number of Registered FirearmsThe number of registered guns in Taiwan is reported to be 

2017: 5,0001
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,4 but in Taiwan there are estimated to be 

2017: 5,0001
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,4 but in Taiwan the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

2017: 0.02
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Taiwan are reported to have 2,022,1505 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Taiwan are reported to have 76,0006 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Taiwan, annual homicides by any means total 

7997
788
818
841
893
1,003
1,021
989
977
919
961
1,084
1,128
1,027
935
1,009
889
788
770
646
1,265 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

3.397
3.35
3.49
3.59
3.82
4.30
4.39
4.27
4.22
3.98
4.18
4.73
4.94
4.52
4.13
4.47
3.96
3.53
3.47
2.94
5.79
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, annual male homicides by any means total 

4767
519
536
579
595
647
674
676
642
603
659
738
764
727
676
696
609
554
518
464
890
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.097
4.45
4.60
4.97
5.11
5.56
5.80
5.82
5.52
5.19
5.68
6.37
6.60
6.30
5.86
6.05
5.31
4.85
4.56
4.11
7.94
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, annual female homicides by any means total 

3037
269
282
262
298
356
347
313
335
316
302
346
364
300
259
313
280
234
52
182
375
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.557
2.27
2.39
2.23
2.54
3.05
2.99
2.71
2.91
2.76
2.65
3.06
3.24
2.68
2.33
2.83
2.55
2.14
0.48
1.70
3.53
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Taiwan, annual firearm homicides total 

1288
153
151
184
215
179
168
137
118
131
112 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.68
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.159
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Taiwan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

15.9%8
17.4%
16.4%
20.4%
23.6%
16.9%
14.5%
12.8%
10.4%
10.3%
8.4%
Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)In Taiwan, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.8810
Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleIn Taiwan, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1211
Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Taiwan, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.1112
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleIn Taiwan, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0413

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Taiwan, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence14 15 16
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Taiwan was ranked 'medium'17
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Home-made GunsIn Taiwan, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high18

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Taiwan, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law16 19
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Taiwan is reported by Customs to be US$

19,458,00020
9,756,000
13,588,000
13,104,000
14,896,000
23,000,000
18,786,000
12,078,000
9,206,000
3,908,000
12,822,000
27,634,000
19,290,000
23,243,000
19,904,000
4,091,000
363,000
483,000
402,000
402,000
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Taiwan was categorized as 'major'21 22
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Firearm ImportsIn Taiwan, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law16 19
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Taiwan is reported by Customs to be US$

2,790,00023
6,210,000
4,707,000
8,252,000
9,548,000
10,793,000
5,776,000
5,528,000
4,948,000
4,729,000
6,328,000
5,717,000
4,029,000
571,000
4,408,000
7,131,000
2,066,000
1,663,000
1,148,000
3,497,000
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Taiwan include19 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Taiwan scored 

9
10.0024
10.0025
7.5026
4.7527
5.7528
7.5029
7.7530
6.2531
6.2532
6.0033
6.0034
6.2535
6.0036
6.2537 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Taiwan is categorised as restrictive38
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Taiwan includes the Guns, Ammunition and Knives Control Act of 198339 40 and the Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons of 201841
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Taiwan are regulated by the Ministry of the Interior42
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Taiwan, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law43 44
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Taiwan, civilians are not allowed to possess any firearms with narrow exceptions for fishermen, indigenous citizens,45 and authorized civilian institutions46
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Taiwan, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited14
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Taiwan, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited14
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Taiwan, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited14
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn Taiwan,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns prohibited14 with narrow exceptions for fishermen and indigenous citizens45
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Taiwan, no civilians14 47 (except for fishermen and indigenous citizens)45 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Taiwan are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, fishing, research, pest control and indigenous ceremonial rites48 46
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Taiwan is 20 years48
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Taiwan must pass a background check which considers criminal, professional, ethnic, and mental48 records
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Taiwan are permitted to possess maximum two firearms per person and six firearms per household (for indigenous licensees and fishermen)45
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Taiwan, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted among indigenous citizens and fishermen pending government approval49
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Taiwan, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful14
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Taiwan include50 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Taiwan include50 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Taiwan include50 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Taiwan include51 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Taiwan, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm52 is at least 5 years in prison as well as a fine of up to NT$10 million53

MeasuresInternational Controls
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Taiwan is not a Member State of the United Nations54
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list55 Taiwan as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,56 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, annual homicides by any means total 

7997
788
818
841
893
1,003
1,021
989
977
919
961
1,084
1,128
1,027
935
1,009
889
788
770
646
1,265 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

3.397
3.35
3.49
3.59
3.82
4.30
4.39
4.27
4.22
3.98
4.18
4.73
4.94
4.52
4.13
4.47
3.96
3.53
3.47
2.94
5.79
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, annual male homicides by any means total 

4767
519
536
579
595
647
674
676
642
603
659
738
764
727
676
696
609
554
518
464
890
Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.097
4.45
4.60
4.97
5.11
5.56
5.80
5.82
5.52
5.19
5.68
6.37
6.60
6.30
5.86
6.05
5.31
4.85
4.56
4.11
7.94
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, annual female homicides by any means total 

3037
269
282
262
298
356
347
313
335
316
302
346
364
300
259
313
280
234
52
182
375
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.557
2.27
2.39
2.23
2.54
3.05
2.99
2.71
2.91
2.76
2.65
3.06
3.24
2.68
2.33
2.83
2.55
2.14
0.48
1.70
3.53
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Taiwan, annual firearm homicides total 

1288
153
151
184
215
179
168
137
118
131
112 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Taiwan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.68
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.159
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Taiwan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

15.9%8
17.4%
16.4%
20.4%
23.6%
16.9%
14.5%
12.8%
10.4%
10.3%
8.4%
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Taiwan, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
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DisarmamentAuthorities in Taiwan are known to have57 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Taiwan, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2,18018
1,856
2,025
1,743
1,709
1,507
1,524
1,538
1,504
1,666
1,829
2,295
2,788
3,394
4,276
2,643
1,963
1,708
1,993
2,350
3,195
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Taiwan ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Taiwan on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
3.: GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation
4.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
5.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
6.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
7.: Taiwan.2019.‘Casualities of Crime Victims - by Classification 1998-2018.’ Record of Criminal Cases Investigated and Prosecuted by All Police Organizations.Taipei:National Police Agency,25 July. (Q14115)Full Citation
8.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Taiwan.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6321)Full Citation
9.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1297)Full Citation
10.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation
11.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation
12.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation
13.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1300)Full Citation
14.: Taiwan.2017.‘Article 4 & 5 (Definitions and Restriction).’ Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,14 June. (Q14122)Full Citation
15.: Taiwan.2018.‘Articles 15 & 16 (Individual Manufacturing).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14129)Full Citation
16.: Taiwan.2018.‘Articles 13 & 14 (Corporate Manufacturing/Import/Export).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14130)Full Citation
17.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation
18.: Taiwan.2019.‘Illegal Guns, Pistols, Ammunition and Knives Seized.’ Record of Criminal Cases Investigated and Prosecuted by All Police Organizations.Taipei:National Police Agency,25 July. (Q14114)Full Citation
19.: Taiwan.2018.‘Articles 9 (Import/Export Licensing).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14131)Full Citation
20.: International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Exported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16040)Full Citation
21.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11069)Full Citation
22.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11037)Full Citation
23.: International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Imported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16041)Full Citation
24.: Picard, Michael, Paul Holtom and Fiona Mangan.2019.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2019.’ Trade Update 2019: Transfers, Transparency, and South-east Asia Spotlight.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,12 December. (Q14069)Full Citation
25.: Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2018.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.’ The 2018 Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. (Q13505)Full Citation
26.: Pavesi, Irene.2016.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2016.’ Trade Update 2016: Transfers and Transparency.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 June. (Q12070)Full Citation
27.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10547)Full Citation
28.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2013.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q6871)Full Citation
29.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2012.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q6869)Full Citation
30.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2011.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 July. (Q10549)Full Citation
31.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2010.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2010: Gangs, Groups and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 June. (Q10550)Full Citation
32.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2009.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2009.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,9 July. (Q10551)Full Citation
33.: Close, Helen and Chris Stevenson.2008.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2008.’ Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 July. (Q10552)Full Citation
34.: Glatz, Anne-Kathrin and Lora Lumpe.2007.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2007.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q10553)Full Citation
35.: Khakee, Anna, Pablo Dreyfus and Anne-Kathrin Glatz.2006.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10554)Full Citation
36.: Khakee, Anna.2005.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2005.’ Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 July. (Q10555)Full Citation
37.: Khakee, Anna.2004.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004.’ Small Arms Survey 2004: Rights at Risk.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10556)Full Citation
38.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
39.: Taiwan.2017.‘Article 1 (Commencement).’ Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,14 June. (Q14116)Full Citation
40.: Zeldin, Wendy.2008.‘Taiwan: Amendment to Firearms Law.’ Global Legal Monitor.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),5 December. (Q14118)Full Citation
41.: Taiwan.2018.‘Article 1 (Commencement).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14117)Full Citation
42.: Taiwan.2017.‘Article 3 (Authority).’ Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,14 June. (Q14119)Full Citation
43.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
44.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
45.: Taiwan.2018.‘Article 17 (Individual Ownership).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14121)Full Citation
46.: Taiwan.2018.‘Articles 3-7 (Permitted Entities).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14120)Full Citation
47.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5359)Full Citation
48.: Taiwan.2018.‘Articles 15 (Individual Ownership Conditions).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14123)Full Citation
49.: Taiwan.2018.‘Article 19 (Individual Dealing).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14124)Full Citation
50.: Taiwan.2018.‘Articles 11 & 12 (Storage).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14125)Full Citation
51.: Taiwan.2018.‘Article 32 (Transport License).’ The Regulations Governing Permission and Management of Guns, Ammunition, Knives and Weapons.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,16 August. (Q14126)Full Citation
52.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
53.: Taiwan.2017.‘Article 7 & 8 (Penalties).’ Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act.Taipei:Ministry of the Interior,14 June. (Q14127)Full Citation
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