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Swaziland — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Swaziland is

2017: 64,0001
2007: 72,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Swaziland is

2017: 4.801
2007: 6.42

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2017 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Swaziland ranked at No. 1553

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2017 comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Swaziland ranked at No.1083

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Swaziland is reported to be

2002: 8,7114

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Swaziland is

2002: 0.735

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Swaziland is reported to be

2017: 10,0001
2002: 11,4074
1998: 11,2006
1997: 11,0997

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Swaziland is

2002: 0.965
1998: 1.03
1997: 1.05

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,8 but in Swaziland there are estimated to be

2017: 54,0001

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Swaziland are reported to have 5,7009 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Swaziland are reported to have 4,00010 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 26811
2015: 264
2010: 237
2000: 228

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 25.0711
2015: 24.91
2010: 23.25
2000: 22.10

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 21311
2015: 210
2010: 191
2000: 180

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 42.1011
2015: 41.87
2010: 39.55
2000: 35.89

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 5611
2015: 54
2010: 47
2000: 47

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.9411
2015: 9.67
2010: 8.76
2000: 8.86

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Swaziland, annual firearm homicides total

2017: 712
2004: 38413
2003: 440

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2017: 0.5012
2004: 37.1613

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 17911
2015: 172
2010: 143
2000: 123

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 16.7411
2015: 16.23
2010: 14.03
2000: 11.92

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 12711
2015: 123
2010: 106
2000: 89

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 25.1011
2015: 24.52
2010: 21.95
2000: 17.75

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 5211
2015: 49
2010: 37
2000: 33

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.2311
2015: 8.78
2010: 6.90
2000: 6.22

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Swaziland, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited14 15 16 17

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Swaziland, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law18 19 20

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Swaziland is reported by Customs to be US$

2016: 5,00021
2014: 25,000
2013: 1,000
2011: 4,72522
2009: 72,000
2008: 192,000
2006: 1,000
2005: 1,000
2004: 6,000
2003: 1,000
2002: 2,000

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Swaziland was categorized as 'minor' (re-exports only, no domestic production)23

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Firearm Imports

In Swaziland, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law18 19 20 17

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Swaziland is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 139,00024
2020: 18,000
2019: 72,000
2018: 38,000
2017: 66,000
2016: 94,000
2015: 174,000
2014: 122,000
2013: 76,000
2012: 109,000
2011: 187,000
2010: 232,000
2009: 320,000
2008: 253,000
2007: 105,000
2006: 113,000
2005: 150,000
2004: 47,000
2003: 53,000
2002: 40,000

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Swaziland is moderate25 26

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Swaziland, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law27 20 15 26

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Swaziland include18 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Swaziland includes the Arms and Ammunitions Act No. 24 of 196415 18 27

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Swaziland are regulated by the Police4

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Swaziland, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law28 29

Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

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Law Regulates Automatic Weapons

In Swaziland, civilian possession of automatic weapons is regulated by law30

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Law Regulates Handguns

In Swaziland, civilian possession of handguns is regulated by law30

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Swaziland, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law30

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Swaziland, only licensed gun owners4 30 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Swaziland must pass a background check which considers undefined30 records

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Firearm Safety Training

In Swaziland, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required15 4 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Swaziland, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year31

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Swaziland, the law requires16 4 15 32 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Swaziland, licensed firearm dealers are not required15 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Swaziland, State agencies are required33 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Swaziland, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful15

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Number of Licensed Gun Dealers

The number of licensed firearm dealers in Swaziland is reported to be

2002: 817

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Swaziland include4 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Swaziland include33 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Swaziland, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law30

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Swaziland, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm34 is two to 10 years in prison31

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Swaziland adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200635 36

Southern African Development Community

As a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Swaziland signed the SADC Declaration Concerning Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials in March 2001. This laid the ground for the August, 2001 adoption of the legally binding SADC Protocol on Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials37

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed38 by Swaziland.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified39 by Swaziland

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been acceded to40 by Swaziland

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Swaziland committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects41

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Swaziland against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 14642 43 44 45 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Swaziland has submitted one or more national reports46 47 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Swaziland, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated47 48

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Swaziland, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated47 49

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Swaziland submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent47

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated47 by Swaziland to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided47 to Swaziland by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Swaziland has not declared50 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Swaziland has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196851

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list52 Swaziland as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,53 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 26811
2015: 264
2010: 237
2000: 228

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 25.0711
2015: 24.91
2010: 23.25
2000: 22.10

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 21311
2015: 210
2010: 191
2000: 180

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 42.1011
2015: 41.87
2010: 39.55
2000: 35.89

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 5611
2015: 54
2010: 47
2000: 47

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.9411
2015: 9.67
2010: 8.76
2000: 8.86

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Swaziland, annual firearm homicides total

2017: 712
2004: 38413
2003: 440

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2017: 0.5012
2004: 37.1613

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Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Swaziland, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in Swaziland are known to have54 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Swaziland, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2018: 5555
2001: 27054
1994/97: 394

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Small Arms Destroyed

ChartIn Swaziland, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2017: 14956
2016: 1,000

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Swaziland, it is state policy33 54 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Swaziland, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law32 57 16 15

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Firearm Tracing

In Swaziland, state authorities carry out58 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Swaziland ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Swaziland on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Civilian Firearm Ownership.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8820)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2015.‘Calculated Rates - Swaziland.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,31 January. (Q8823)Full Citation

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McKenzie, Katharine.1999.‘Number of Licensed Firearms.’ Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten SADC Countries.Johannesburg:Gun Free South Africa,1 September. (Q8839)Full Citation

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McKenzie, Katharine.1999.‘Swaziland: Crime and Proliferation of Firearms.’ Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten SADC Countries.Johannesburg:Gun Free South Africa,1 September. (Q8838)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 - 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13828)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Overview of Legislation.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8819)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2008.‘Implementation of the International Tracing Instrument.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4743)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Firearms Dealers.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8822)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13829)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2016.‘International Transfers - Record Keeping.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12846)Full Citation

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IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

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International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Exported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16040)Full Citation

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Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

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Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation

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International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Imported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16041)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13830)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Illegal Firearms.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8821)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13831)Full Citation

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Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

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Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

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Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Swaziland.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9462)Full Citation

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McKenzie, Katharine.1999.‘Swaziland: Domestic Gun Control Policy.’ Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten SADC Countries.Johannesburg:Gun Free South Africa,1 September. (Q8837)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2016.‘Marking and Record Keeping.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12849)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2016.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12848)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

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Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2016.‘National Coordination Agency.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12841)Full Citation

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