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Swaziland — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Swaziland is

2017: 64,0001
2007: 72,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Swaziland is

2017: 4.801
2007: 6.42

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Swaziland ranked at No. 1443

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Swaziland ranked at No. 862

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Swaziland is reported to be

2002: 8,7114

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Swaziland is

2002: 0.735

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Swaziland is reported to be

2017: 10,0001
2002: 11,4074
1998: 11,2006
1997: 11,0997

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Swaziland is

2002: 0.965
1998: 1.03
1997: 1.05

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,8 but in Swaziland there are estimated to be

2017: 54,0001

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Swaziland are reported to have 5,7009 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Swaziland are reported to have 4,00010 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, annual homicides by any means total

2013: 10211
2012: 41612
2010: 208
2004: 14113 14
2003: 135
2000: 92615
1999: 902
1998: 899

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Swaziland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2013: 8.1616
2012: 33.812
2010: 17.43
2008: 41.014
2004: 17.3717 14
2003: 13.0513 14
2000: 88.6115
1999: 88.48
1998: 90.77
1995: 18.714

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

In Swaziland, annual male homicides by any means total

2010: 16218

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

In Swaziland, annual female homicides by any means total

2010: 4618

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Swaziland, annual firearm homicides total

2004: 38413
2003: 440

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

In Swaziland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2004: 37.1613

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Swaziland, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited19 20 21 22

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Swaziland, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law23 24 25

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Swaziland is reported by Customs to be US$4,72526 (2011)

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Swaziland was categorized as 'minor' (re-exports only, no domestic production)27

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Firearm Imports

In Swaziland, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law23 24 25 22

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Swaziland is reported by Customs to be US$137,78726 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Swaziland is moderate28 29

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Swaziland, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law30 25 20 29

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Swaziland include23 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Swaziland includes the Arms and Ammunitions Act No. 24 of 196420 23 30

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Swaziland are regulated by the Police4

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Swaziland, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law31 32

Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

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Law Regulates Automatic Weapons

In Swaziland, civilian possession of automatic weapons is regulated by law11

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Law Regulates Handguns

In Swaziland, civilian possession of handguns is regulated by law11

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Swaziland, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law11

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Swaziland, only licensed gun owners4 11 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Swaziland must pass a background check which considers undefined11 records

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Firearm Safety Training

In Swaziland, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required20 4 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Swaziland, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year33

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Swaziland, the law requires21 4 20 34 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Swaziland, licensed firearm dealers are not required20 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Swaziland, State agencies are required35 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Swaziland, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful20

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Number of Licensed Gun Dealers

The number of licensed firearm dealers in Swaziland is reported to be

2002: 822

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Swaziland include4 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Swaziland include35 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Swaziland, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law34 36 21 20

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Firearm Tracing

In Swaziland, state authorities carry out37 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Swaziland, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law11

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Swaziland, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm38 is two to 10 years in prison33

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Swaziland are known to have39 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Swaziland, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2001: 27039
1994/97: 394

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Small Arms Destroyed

ChartIn Swaziland, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2017: 14940
2016: 1,000

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Swaziland, it is state policy35 39 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Swaziland adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200641 42

Southern African Development Community

As a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Swaziland signed the SADC Declaration Concerning Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials in March 2001. This laid the ground for the August, 2001 adoption of the legally binding SADC Protocol on Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials43

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed44 by Swaziland.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified45 by Swaziland

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified46 by Swaziland

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Swaziland committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects47

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Swaziland against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 14648 49 50 51 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Swaziland has submitted one or more national reports52 53 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Swaziland, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated53 54

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Swaziland, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated53 55

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Swaziland submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent53

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated53 by Swaziland to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided53 to Swaziland by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Swaziland has not declared56 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Swaziland has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196857

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list58 Swaziland as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Swaziland, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Swaziland ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Civilian Firearm Ownership.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8820)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2015.‘Calculated Rates - Swaziland.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,31 January. (Q8823)Full Citation

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McKenzie, Katharine.1999.‘Number of Licensed Firearms.’ Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten SADC Countries.Johannesburg:Gun Free South Africa,1 September. (Q8839)Full Citation

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McKenzie, Katharine.1999.‘Swaziland: Crime and Proliferation of Firearms.’ Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten SADC Countries.Johannesburg:Gun Free South Africa,1 September. (Q8838)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

11.

Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Swaziland.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9462)Full Citation

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UNODC.2014.‘Homicides in Swaziland.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q9995)Full Citation

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UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 - 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation

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UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Swaziland.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6387)Full Citation

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UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation

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UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 May. (Q13355)Full Citation

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Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

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UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13828)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Overview of Legislation.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8819)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2008.‘Implementation of the International Tracing Instrument.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4743)Full Citation

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Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Firearms Dealers.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8822)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13829)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2016.‘International Transfers - Record Keeping.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12846)Full Citation

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IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

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Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

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Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation

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Swaziland.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13830)Full Citation

29.

Thwala, Phumelele.2004.‘Illegal Firearms.’ Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa.Pretoria:Institute for Security Studies,1 October. (Q8821)Full Citation

30.

Swaziland.2018.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13831)Full Citation

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Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

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Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

33.

McKenzie, Katharine.1999.‘Swaziland: Domestic Gun Control Policy.’ Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten SADC Countries.Johannesburg:Gun Free South Africa,1 September. (Q8837)Full Citation

34.

Swaziland.2016.‘Marking and Record Keeping.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12849)Full Citation

35.

Swaziland.2016.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12848)Full Citation

36.

Swaziland.2016.‘International Transfers - Marking at Import.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12845)Full Citation

37.

Swaziland.2016.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12850)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
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Swaziland.2018.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Swaziland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Swaziland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13832)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

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