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St Kitts & Nevis — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in St Kitts & Nevis is

2017: 3.401

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 272
2014: 19
2012: 132
2011: 28
2010: 20
2009: 24
2008: 18
2007: 12

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 51.992
2014: 36.87
2012: 25.63
2011: 55.65
2010: 40.08
2009: 48.50
2008: 36.69
2007: 24.66

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Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 272
2014: 18
2012: 122
2011: 28
2010: 19
2009: 21
2008: 18
2007: 12

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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is

2015: 103.962
2014: 69.86
2012: 47.36
2011: 111.46
2010: 76.30
2009: 85.09
2008: 73.60
2007: 49.49

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Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2014: 12
2012: 12
2011: 0
2010: 1
2009: 3

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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is

2014: 3.882
2012: 3.94
2010: 4
2009: 12.10

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 232
2014: 20
2012: 14
2011: 25
2010: 213
2009: 27
2008: 13
2007: 4
2006: 17
2005: 8
2004: 11
2003: 10
2002: 5
2001: 6
2000: 3
1999: 64
1998: 8
1997: 7
1996: 4
1995: 4

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 44.292
2014: 38.81
2012: 27.60
2011: 49.69
2010: 42.093
2009: 54.57
2008: 26.50
2007: 8.22
2006: 34.12
2005: 16.28
2004: 22.72
2003: 20.97
2002: 10.65
2001: 12.98
2000: 6.59
1999: 13.24 5
1998: 17.84
1997: 15.84 5
1996: 9.24
1995: 9.34 5

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 232
2014: 19
2012: 132
2011: 25
2010: 193
2009: 24
2008: 13
2007: 4

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 88.562
2014: 73.75
2012: 51.30
2011: 99.51
2010: 76.303
2009: 97.24
2008: 53.15
2007: 16.50

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 12
2012: 12
2011: 16
2010: 2
2009: 3

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 3.882
2012: 3.94
2010: 83
2009: 12.10

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual firearm homicides total

2015: 212
2014: 17
2012: 132
2011: 25
2010: 12
2009: 6
2008: 12
2007: 4
2006: 13
2005: 6
2004: 7

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 40.432
2014: 32.99
2012: 25.63
2011: 49.69
2010: 24.05
2009: 12.13
2008: 24.46
2007: 8.22
2006: 26.1
2005: 12.2
2004: 14.4

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2011: 88%7
2010: 81%8 7 4
2009: 85%7 4
2008: 78.3%4
2007: 75.0%
2006: 76.5%
2005: 75.0%
2004: 63.6%

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 212
2014: 16
2012: 122
2011: 25
2010: 12
2009: 6
2008: 12
2007: 4

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 80.862
2014: 62.10
2012: 47.36
2011: 99.51
2010: 48.19
2009: 24.31
2008: 49.06
2007: 16.50

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual female firearm homicides total

2014: 12
2012: 12
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2014: 3.882
2012: 3.94

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual suicides by any means total

2012: 22
2011: 1
2010: 2
2009: 1
2008: 19
2007: 1
2005: 1
2004: 1
2002: 1
2001: 1
2000: 1
1997: 110

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 3.942
2011: 1.99
2010: 4.01
2009: 2.02
2008: 2.09
2007: 2.06
2005: 2.19 11
2004: 2.19
2002: 2.1
2001: 2.2
2000: 2.3
1997: 2.3810

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual male suicides by any means total

2012: 12
2011: 0
2010: 1
2007: 1

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 3.952
2010: 4.02
2007: 4.12

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual female suicides by any means total

2012: 12
2011: 1
2010: 1
2009: 1

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 3.942
2011: 3.97
2010: 4
2009: 4.03

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual firearm suicides total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual male firearm suicides total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Female Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual female firearm suicides total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2015: 62
2014: 2
2012: 02
2011: 3
2010: 8
2009: 18
2008: 5
2007: 8

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2015: 11.552
2014: 3.88
2012: 02
2011: 5.96
2010: 16.03
2009: 36.38
2008: 10.19
2007: 16.44

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2015: 62
2014: 2
2012: 02
2011: 3
2010: 7
2009: 15
2008: 5
2007: 8

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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is

2015: 23.102
2014: 7.76
2011: 11.94
2010: 28.11
2009: 60.78
2008: 20.44
2007: 33

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 1
2009: 3

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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is

2010: 42
2009: 12.10

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn St Kitts & Nevis, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2012: 02
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Legal Intervention Gun Homicides

In St Kitts & Nevis, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total

2008: 12

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In St Kitts & Nevis, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence12 13 14 15 16 17 18

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In St Kitts & Nevis, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law19 17 18

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from St Kitts & Nevis is reported by Customs to be US$020 (2009)

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Firearm Imports

In St Kitts & Nevis, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law19 17 18

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to St Kitts & Nevis is reported by Customs to be US$114,65120 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in St Kitts & Nevis is moderate21 22

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In St Kitts & Nevis, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law23

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in St Kitts & Nevis include24 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in St Kitts & Nevis is categorised as restrictive25

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in St Kitts & Nevis includes the Firearms Act of 2002,26 the Firearms Regulations27 28 and the Domestic Violence Act of 201129

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in St Kitts & Nevis are regulated by the Minister of National Security, the Chief of Police and the Comptroller of Customs17 28

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Right to Possess Firearms

In St Kitts & Nevis, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law30 31

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In St Kitts & Nevis, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms32 33

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In St Kitts & Nevis, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited32 33

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In St Kitts & Nevis, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence34

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Regulation of Handguns

In St Kitts & Nevis, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence34

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In St Kitts & Nevis, only licensed gun owners34 33 17 18 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in St Kitts & Nevis are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm33

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in St Kitts & Nevis is 17 years35

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in St Kitts & Nevis must pass a background check which considers criminal and mental health33 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In St Kitts & Nevis, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required23

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Partner to be Advised or Interviewed

In St Kitts & Nevis, licensing authorities are not required23 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in St Kitts & Nevis does not stipulate23 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In St Kitts & Nevis, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required23 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In St Kitts & Nevis, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year36

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in St Kitts & Nevis are permitted to possess only the number of firearms indicated in the licence24

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in St Kitts & Nevis are permitted to possess only the quantity of ammunition indicated in the licence24

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In St Kitts & Nevis, the law requires37 38 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In St Kitts & Nevis, licensed firearm dealers are required39 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In St Kitts & Nevis, licensed gun makers are required39 15 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In St Kitts & Nevis, State agencies are required38 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In St Kitts & Nevis, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a Firearm Disposal Permit and unless registered by the Chief of Police40 35 37 14 18

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In St Kitts & Nevis, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful12 35 13 14 17 18

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In St Kitts & Nevis, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined23

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In St Kitts & Nevis, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated23 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in St Kitts & Nevis include24 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in St Kitts & Nevis do not include23 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in St Kitts & Nevis do not include23 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In St Kitts & Nevis, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law38 24

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Firearm Tracing

In St Kitts & Nevis, state authorities carry out41 42 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In St Kitts & Nevis, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not23 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In St Kitts & Nevis, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law43 44

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In St Kitts & Nevis, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm45 is three years in prison34 35 37 12 13 14 15 16 46 19 47 48 49

Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

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Small Arms Destroyed

In St Kitts & Nevis, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 40050 (2013)

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In St Kitts & Nevis, it is state policy50 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), St Kitts & Nevis adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified51 52 by St Kitts & Nevis

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed53 by St Kitts & Nevis.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified54 by St Kitts & Nevis

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified55 by St Kitts & Nevis

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, St Kitts & Nevis committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects56

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, St Kitts & Nevis has yet to submit a national report57 58 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In St Kitts & Nevis, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated59 58

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated58 by St Kitts & Nevis to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, St Kitts & Nevis has not declared60 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, St Kitts & Nevis has been a Member State of the United Nations since 198361

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list62 St Kitts & Nevis as a Participating State

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

3.

Igarapé Institute.2019.‘Homicides and Homicide Rates 2000 to 2018.’ Homicide Monitor.Rio de Janeiro:Igarapé Institute,28 June. (Q13953)Full Citation

4.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Saint Kitts and Nevis.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6356)Full Citation

5.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3817)Full Citation

6.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in St Kitts & Nevis.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10129)Full Citation

8.

Igarapé Institute.2015.‘Homicides and Homicide Rates 2000 to 2014 - Saint Kitts & Nevis.’ Homicide Monitor 2015.Rio de Janeiro:Igarapé Institute,24 June. (Q11122)Full Citation

9.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Suicide 2000-2009.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9206)Full Citation

10.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

11.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation

12.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘General Restrictions Upon Manufacture and Dealing in Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11285)Full Citation

13.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Special Restrictions Upon Holders of Firearm Manufacturers' or Firearm Dealers' Licences.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11288)Full Citation

14.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘General Restriction on Repair and Transfer of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11289)Full Citation

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St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Restrictions Relating to Gunsmiths.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11290)Full Citation

16.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Special Restrictions on Shortening Firearms and Converting Imitation Firearms Into Firearms.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11291)Full Citation

17.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Appropriate Authority.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11299)Full Citation

18.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Types of Licences, Certificates and Permits.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11295)Full Citation

19.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Restriction on Importation, Exportation and Transhipment of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11284)Full Citation

20.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

21.

Sun (St. Kitts & Nevis). 2008. ‘Police Commissioner Condemns Gun Violence.’ 23 July. (N412) Full Citation

22.

Tony Best. 2011. ‘Caribbean Nations Appeal to UN to Aid in Fight Against Violent Crime.’ Caribbean 360 (Barbados). 11 October. (N413) Full Citation

23.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Short Title.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q12035)Full Citation

24.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Form of Firearm Export Permit and User's Licence.’ Schedule 1 to the Firearms Regulations (Regulations 2 and 3).Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11303)Full Citation

25.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

26.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Short Title.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11282)Full Citation

27.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Firearms Regulations.’ Third Schedule (Section 48), Firearms Regulations.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11302)Full Citation

28.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Regulations.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11305)Full Citation

29.

Virgin Islands (UK).2011.‘Enactment.’ Domestic Violence Act, 2011.Road Town:Official Gazette of the British Virgin Islands,20 October. (Q11365)Full Citation

30.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

31.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

32.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Interpretation.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11283)Full Citation

33.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘General Provisions as to Grant and Issue of Licences, Certificates and Permits.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11296)Full Citation

34.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Possession of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11293)Full Citation

35.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Restrictions Upon Acquisition or Disposal of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11286)Full Citation

36.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Duration of Licence or Permit.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11298)Full Citation

37.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Restriction on Delivery of Firearm and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11287)Full Citation

38.

Office of the Prime Minister of St. Kitts & Nevis. 2011. ‘St. Kitts and Nevis Signs Firearms Marking and Tracing Agreement.’ 17 April. (N216) Full Citation

39.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Records and Returns.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11292)Full Citation

40.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Special Provisions Relating to Firearm Disposal Permit.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11297)Full Citation

41.

SKN Vibes. 2014. ‘eTrace Leads to Arrests for Gun Crimes.’ 27 January. (N410) Full Citation

42.

Caribbean Net News. 2009. ‘US and Nine Caribbean Islands Sign Agreement to Help Trace Illegal Guns.’ 1 April. (N165) Full Citation

43.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘General Restriction Upon Carrying Firearms and Ammunition in Public.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11294)Full Citation

44.

St. Kitts and Nevis.2002.‘Special Provisions Relating to Firearm User's (Special) Permit.’ Firearms Act Chapter 19.05.Basseterre:Laws of Saint Christopher and Nevis,31 December. (Q11340)Full Citation

45.

GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation

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