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South Sudan — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in South Sudan is

2017: 1,255,0001
2013: 3,000,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in South Sudan is

2017: 9.601
2013: 28.233

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of South Sudan are reported to have 351,5004 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in South Sudan are reported to have 42,0005 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

In South Sudan, annual homicides by any means total

2012: 1,5046

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2013: 21.37
2012: 13.968

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

In South Sudan, annual male homicides by any means total

2012: 1,1719

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In South Sudan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 21.649

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

In South Sudan, annual female homicides by any means total

2012: 3339

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In South Sudan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 6.159

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Gun Homicides

In South Sudan, annual firearm homicides total

2012: 2088

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

In South Sudan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2012: 1.993

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

In South Sudan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2012: 14%6

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 45810
2015: 435
2010: 411

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 4.1710
2015: 3.89
2010: 4.21

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 29810
2015: 282
2010: 269

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 5.3310
2015: 4.95
2010: 5.39

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 16010
2015: 153
2010: 142

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.9710
2015: 2.79
2010: 2.98

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In South Sudan, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited, except for official government manufacturers11 12 13 14

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Home-made Guns

In South Sudan, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate15

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In South Sudan, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law16 17 18 19

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Firearm Imports

In South Sudan, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law13 20 12 16 17 18 19

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in South Sudan is high21 22 23

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In South Sudan, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law13 12 16 24

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in South Sudan include18 requirements for certification providing details of the intended end user and/or end use of firearms and ammunition transfers

MeasuresGun Regulation

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in South Sudan includes the Firearms Bill of 2016,25 26 and its regulation of 207,27 17 the Police Act of 2009, and the Southern Sudan Police Service Regulations of 201028

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in South Sudan are regulated by the Ministry of the Interior, the Central Registry of Firearms,16 the Police29 and the Southern Sudan Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control30 31

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Right to Possess Firearms

In South Sudan, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law32 33

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In South Sudan, civilians are not allowed to possess all firearms, except handguns of a calibre not exceeding .22mm and shotguns34

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Regulation of Handguns

In South Sudan, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence34

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In South Sudan, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law34

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In South Sudan, only licensed gun owners12 35 36 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in South Sudan is 45 years37 24

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in South Sudan must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, and addiction37 24 records

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Firearm Safety Training

In South Sudan, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required37 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In South Sudan, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year38

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Licensing Records

In South Sudan, authorities maintain a record39 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in South Sudan are permitted to possess 20 rounds of ammunition40

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In South Sudan, the law requires41 16 39 42 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In South Sudan, licensed firearm dealers are required16 43 44 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In South Sudan, licensed gun makers are required44 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In South Sudan, State agencies are required42 28 45 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In South Sudan, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited13

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In South Sudan, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful13 43 12 46

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in South Sudan include40 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in South Sudan include43 47 40 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in South Sudan include42 48 28 49 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in South Sudan include50 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In South Sudan, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited46 51

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In South Sudan, carrying a concealed handgun in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit46

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Gun Free Zones

In South Sudan, private guns are prohibited in places of worship, hospitals, markets or public places, schools, courts of law, night clubs, bars and restaurants52

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In South Sudan, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm53 is 10 years in prison and/or a fine54 12 55 39 43

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

South Sudan is a member of the African Union56 57

Regional Centre on Small Arms

In March 2000, members of the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA) adopted the Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa. On 21 April 2004, they adopted the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States, a legally-binding multilateral protocol of which the RECSA is depository. The Nairobi Protocol has since been signed, but not yet ratified58 59 by South Sudan

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed60 by South Sudan.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed61 by South Sudan

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed62 by South Sudan

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, South Sudan committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects63

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In South Sudan, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated64 65

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In South Sudan, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated64 66

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of South Sudan submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent64

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, South Sudan has not declared67 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, South Sudan has been a Member State of the United Nations since 201168

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list69 South Sudan as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

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About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,70 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

In South Sudan, annual homicides by any means total

2012: 1,5046

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn South Sudan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2013: 21.37
2012: 13.968

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

In South Sudan, annual male homicides by any means total

2012: 1,1719

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In South Sudan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 21.649

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

In South Sudan, annual female homicides by any means total

2012: 3339

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In South Sudan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 6.159

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Gun Homicides

In South Sudan, annual firearm homicides total

2012: 2088

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

In South Sudan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2012: 1.993

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

In South Sudan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2012: 14%6

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in South Sudan, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in South Sudan are known to have71 72 73 74 75 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

In South Sudan, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2014: 6,00076

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In South Sudan, it is state policy42 77 28 49 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In South Sudan, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law78 42 21 28 49 45 79 80

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Firearm Tracing

In South Sudan, state authorities carry out16 21 79 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where South Sudan ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on South Sudan on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Duke, Geoffrey L.2013.‘Marking, Amnesty, Number of Firearms Held by Civilians.’ E-mail from SSANSA National Coordinator.Juba:South Sudan Action Network on Small Arms (SSANSA),11 February. (Q6574)Full Citation

3.

GunPolicy.org.2015.‘Calculated Rates - South Sudan.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,26 May. (Q6620)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

6.

UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in South Sudan.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q9948)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2014.‘South Sudan.’ 2013 Global Study on Homicide.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,21 April. (Q8493)Full Citation

8.

UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

9.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

10.

WHO.2018.‘Violent Death Estimates by Country.’ Disease Burden and Mortality Estimates: Cause-Specific Mortality, 2000–2016.Geneva:World Health Organization,1 January. (Q14136)Full Citation

11.

South Sudan.2016.‘Manufacture and Repair of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12130)Full Citation

12.

South Sudan.2016.‘Duty to Carry Licence.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12127)Full Citation

13.

South Sudan.2016.‘Application for a Firearm Licence for Trade.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12132)Full Citation

14.

South Sudan.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13833)Full Citation

15.

Florquin, Nicolas, Sigrid Lipott and Francis Wairagu.2019.‘Excerpts on Illicit/Craft Production - South Sudan.’ Weapons Compass: Mapping Illicit Small Arms Flows in Africa.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 January. (Q14010)Full Citation

16.

South Sudan.2016.‘Powers and Functions of Registry.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12123)Full Citation

17.

South Sudan.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13835)Full Citation

18.

South Sudan.2014.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12854)Full Citation

19.

South Sudan.2014.‘International Transfers - Record Keeping.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12856)Full Citation

20.

South Sudan.2016.‘Importation and Exportation of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12142)Full Citation

21.

Sudan Human Security Baseline Assessment.2012.‘Key Findings.’ Reaching for the Gun: Arms Flows and Holdings in South Sudan.Geneva:Small Arms Survey,1 April. (Q6589)Full Citation

22.

South Sudan.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13836)Full Citation

23.

Florquin, Nicolas, Sigrid Lipott, and Francis Wairagu.2019.‘Excerpts on Trafficking - South Sudan.’ Weapons Compass: Mapping Illicit Small Arms Flows in Africa.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 January. (Q14009)Full Citation

24.

South Sudan.2014.‘Brokering.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12857)Full Citation

25.

South Sudan.2016.‘Title and Purpose.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12120)Full Citation

26.

Radio Tamazuj (Sudan). 2016. ‘South Sudan Parliament Resumes Sitting After Four Weeks.’ 12 April. (N660) Full Citation

27.

South Sudan.2016.‘Regulations.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12148)Full Citation

28.

King, Benjamin.2014.‘Existing National Legislation and Regulations pertaining to Surplus Management and Disposal.’ Excess Arms in South Sudan: Security Forces and Surplus Management.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 April. (Q8494)Full Citation

29.

South Sudan.2016.‘Registrar of Firearms.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12125)Full Citation

30.

South Sudan.2008.‘Section 6: Establishment of the Bureau.’ Draft Mandate of the Southern Sudan Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control.Juba:Government of Southern Sudan,1 January. (Q6583)Full Citation

31.

South Sudan.2016.‘Government Agencies Responsible for Firearms Control.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12137)Full Citation

32.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

33.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

34.

South Sudan.2016.‘Firearms Allowed to be Licensed for Private Use.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12135)Full Citation

35.

South Sudan.2016.‘Application for Temporary Permits for Hunting and Sport.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12134)Full Citation

36.

South Sudan.2016.‘Exemption from Holding a Firearm Certificate.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12136)Full Citation

37.

South Sudan.2016.‘Eligibility to Own a Firearm.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12131)Full Citation

38.

South Sudan.2016.‘Validity of Firearm Licence.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12126)Full Citation

39.

South Sudan.2016.‘Information to Be Contained in the Firearms Register.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12124)Full Citation

40.

South Sudan.2016.‘Ammunition.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12146)Full Citation

41.

South Sudan.2016.‘Establishment of Central Registry of Firearms.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12122)Full Citation

42.

South Sudan.2016.‘Stockpile Management.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12128)Full Citation

43.

South Sudan.2016.‘Obligations of Dealer, Gunsmith, Importer or Broker.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12133)Full Citation

44.

South Sudan.2016.‘Record Keeping.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12139)Full Citation

45.

King, Benjamin.2014.‘Record-keeping and Inventory Management.’ Excess Arms in South Sudan: Security Forces and Surplus Management.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 April. (Q8497)Full Citation

46.

South Sudan.2016.‘Carrying and Displaying of Firearms in Public Places.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12143)Full Citation

47.

South Sudan.2016.‘Power to Inspect Premises.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12140)Full Citation

48.

South Sudan.2016.‘Public Warehouse.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12129)Full Citation

49.

King, Benjamin.2014.‘New proposed legislation: The Small Arms and Light Weapons Control Bill (2012).’ Excess Arms in South Sudan: Security Forces and Surplus Management.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 April. (Q8496)Full Citation

50.

South Sudan.2016.‘Firearms and Ammunition in Transit.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12141)Full Citation

51.

South Sudan.2009.‘Section 85: Possession of Offensive Weapons at Public Gatherings.’ Penal Code Act, 2008.Djouba:Ministry for Legal Affairs and Constitutional Development of South Sudan, The Southern Sudan Gazette,10 February. (Q6594)Full Citation

52.

South Sudan.2016.‘Places Where Firearms are Prohibited.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12144)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
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54.

South Sudan.2016.‘Penalties.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12147)Full Citation

55.

South Sudan.2009.‘Section 72: Possession of Dangerous Weapons.’ Penal Code Act, 2008.Djouba:Ministry for Legal Affairs and Constitutional Development of South Sudan, The Southern Sudan Gazette,10 February. (Q6595)Full Citation

56.

African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

57.

African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation

58.

RECSA / UNODA.2004.‘Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Regional Centre on Small Arms / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 April. (Q3218)Full Citation

59.

RECSA.2010.‘Ratified and Deposited Instruments of the Nairobi Protocol.’ Regional Centre on Small Arms and Light Weapons Website - Ratifications.Nairobi:Regional Centre on Small Arms,19 November. (Q3263)Full Citation

60.

GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation

61.

UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation

62.

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UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

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South Sudan.2014.‘National Point of Contact.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12852)Full Citation

66.

South Sudan.2014.‘National Coordination Agency.’ National Report of South Sudan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Sudan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12851)Full Citation

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UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

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UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

69.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

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United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation

71.

South Sudan.2016.‘Amnesty.’ Firearms Bill 2016.Juba:Republic of South Sudan,1 January. (Q12145)Full Citation

72.

South Sudan.2008.‘Section 7: Objectives of the Bureau.’ Draft Mandate of the Southern Sudan Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control.Djouba:Ministry for Legal Affairs and Constitutional Development of South Sudan, The Southern Sudan Gazette,1 January. (Q6585)Full Citation

73.

South Sudan.2011.‘Section 6: Establishment of the Commission.’ Southern Sudan Demobilisation,Disarmament and Re-Integration Commission Act, 2011.Juba:Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly,7 July. (Q6576)Full Citation

74.

Radio Tamazuj (Sudan). 2016. ‘Over 200 Firearms Collected from Aguok Militia in Warrap.’ 7 July. (N652) Full Citation

75.

Hou Akot Hou. 2013. ‘Official Urges South Sudanese to Disarm.’ Voice of America. 4 February. (N277) Full Citation

76.

Radio Tamazuj (Sudan). 2014. ‘Minister Say 6,000 Arms Found in Juba Weapons Searches.’ 19 April. (N661) Full Citation

77.

King, Benjamin.2014.‘Introduction.’ Excess Arms in South Sudan: Security Forces and Surplus Management.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 April. (Q8498)Full Citation

78.

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