Regions Africa Southern Africa South Africa

South Africa — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in South Africa is between 3,700,000 1 2 3 and 7,200,0001 2 4
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in South Africa is between 6.62 and 12.885
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesIn South Africa, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 948,9576 (registered only)
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsIn South Africa, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 304,3936 (registered only)
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsIn South Africa, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 1,851,4496 (registered only)
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, South Africa ranked at No. 207
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, South Africa ranked at No.787
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsIn South Africa, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2001: 20%8
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersChartThe number of licensed gun owners in South Africa is reported to be 

2015: 1,757,9712
2014: 1,762,7386
2011: 1,845,0329
2001: 2,092,2428
1999: 2,027,41110 11
1996: 2,000,00012
1994: 2,400,0009
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in South Africa is 

2015: 3.282
2014: 3.325
2011: 3.59
2001: 4.60
1999: 4.57
1996: 4.69
1994: 5.77
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in South Africa is reported to be 

2015: 3,217,432‬2
2014: 3,124,9006
2011: 2,900,0009
2004: 3,737,67612
2003: 3,735,67613 14
2001: 3,667,2898
1999: 3,554,33615 13 14
1996: 3,503,57312
1994: 3,500,0009
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in South Africa is 

2015: 5.995
2014: 5.9
2011: 5.64
2004: 7.88
2003: 7.99
2001: 8.06
1999: 8.01
1996: 8.21
1994: 8.41
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,16 but in South Africa there are estimated to be 

2017: 2,351,000 17
2015: 643,48618 2
2014: 624,98018 6
2011: 580,00018 9
2005: 500,0003 to 4,000,0004
2004: 747,53518 12
2003: 747,13518 13 14
2001: 733,45818 8
1999: 710,86718 15 13 14
1996: 700,71518 12
1994: 700,00018 9
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,16 but in South Africa the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

2017: 4.295
2015: 1.2
2014: 1.18
2011: 1.13
2004: 1.58
2003: 1.6
2001: 1.61
1999: 1.53
1996: 1.57
1994: 1.62
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of South Africa are reported to have 350,63619 20 firearms
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Routine Arming of PoliceIn South Africa, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms21
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in South Africa are reported to have between 250,48122 and 258,00023 firearms, with other government agencies holding approximately 660,00024 additional  firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn South Africa, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

5,62225
4,978
4,357
4,295
3,793
4,217
4,806
5,642
5,521
6,126
5,936
6,905
8,602
9,232
9,346
9,500 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

10.6125
9.50
8.39
8.35
7.42
8.32
9.61
11.43
11.33
12.73
12.51
14.76
18.66
20.02
20.55
21.15
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn South Africa, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

5,01825
4,406
3,832
3,694
3,290
3,638
4,209
4,852
4,748
5,207
5,021
5,827
7,414
7,917
8,026
8,181
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

19.1325
16.98
14.91
14.48
12.96
14.44
16.95
19.82
19.67
21.89
21.44
25.29
32.72
34.94
35.97
37.18
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn South Africa, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

56125
531
483
566
480
571
590
782
769
908
896
1,071
1,167
1,299
1,285
1,296
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

2.1025
2.01
1.84
2.18
1.87
2.24
2.34
3.14
3.13
3.73
3.73
4.51
4.98
5.54
5.55
5.66
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn South Africa, annual homicides by any means total 

19,84626
21,325
21,036
20,336
19,016
18,673
17,805
17,023
16,213
15,554
15,893
16,767
18,084
18,400
19,202
18,528
18,793
19,824
21,553
21,405
21,75827 28 29 30
22,60428 30 31
25,12728 30
24,486
25,470
26,877
26,83232 30 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

37.9633 34
37.0835
35.02
34.86
33.69
32.55
31.32
30.34
31.18
33.22
36.35
37.44
39.3
38.4
39.5
42.3
46.727 28 36
47.0
48.527 28 37 36
51.228 36
57.7
57.1
60.4
64.9
66.938
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual male homicides by any means total 

18,25139
17,11235
16,112
16,294
15,623
12,233
13,993
13,323
13,346
14,377
15,748
15,943
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

67.2539
63.0535
59.92
61.31
59.56
47.15
54.43
52.24
52.56
57.06
63.41
65.13
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual female homicides by any means total 

2,77139
3,22435
2,904
2,416
2,234
4,832
2,266
2,286
2,594
2,457
2,436
2,544
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

9.9039
11.6435
10.59
8.92
8.34
18.25
8.65
8.81
10.08
9.64
9.67
10.22
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn South Africa, annual firearm homicides total 

7,35140
7,15641
6,55135
5,51342
5,237
9,06328
8,597
9,021
9,714
10,130
10,274
10,72728 29 43 30
11,21228 43 30 44
12,41328 43 30
11,166
11,258
11,15428 30
11,13432 30 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

12.9241
11.9535
11.2042
10.47
18.828 45 46
18.028 46
19.1
20.8
22.028
22.6
24.0
25.4
28.5
26.0
26.7
26.9
28.8032
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn South Africa, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

34%41 33
32.2%35
33%47
33%27
47.2%28
46.4%
48.0%
49.0%
47.0%
48.0%
49.3%
49.6%
49.4%
45.6%
44.2%
41.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsIn South Africa, annual male firearm homicides total 

4,89542
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

20.542
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsIn South Africa, annual female firearm homicides total 

61142
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

2.5042
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn South Africa, annual suicides by any means total 

6,47648
6,505
6,278
6,47142
6,86849
6,593
5,741
6,155
6,125
5,896
5,30048 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

11.9348
12.12
12.28
13.4042
14.1049
13.77
12.24
13.21
13.20
12.97
11.80
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual male suicides by any means total 

5,13848
5,155
4,870
5,30742
3,962
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

19.1148
19.40
19.18
23.242
18.01
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual female suicides by any means total 

1,33848
1,350
1,407
1,15342
1,338
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.8848
4.98
5.47
4.5042
5.84
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Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.In South Africa, annual firearm suicides total 

78042
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

1.8042
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsIn South Africa, annual male firearm suicides total 

68642
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0925
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.09
0.15
0.11
0.20
0.09
0.22
0.13
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsIn South Africa, annual female firearm suicides total 

9342
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0125
0.01
0.03
0
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.01
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Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn South Africa, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

5,50025 50
4,833
4,230
4,190
3,710
4,152
4,737
5,539
4,903
380
1,049
524
431
1,691
699
951 52 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

10.2525
9.12
8.07
8.07
7.21
8.12
9.35
11.07
9.93
0.025 52
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn South Africa, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

4,90925 50
4,275
3,717
3,603
3,219
3,584
4,156
4,760
4,229
322
893
430
376
1,470
603
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

18.4725
16.30
14.33
14.02
12.62
14.11
16.49
19.17
17.28
1.33
3.75
1.84
1.63
6.59
2.74
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn South Africa, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

54825 50
518
472
553
469
561
574
771
672
58
149
94
54
215
94
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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

2.0225
1.93
1.78
2.11
1.81
2.18
2.25
3.06
2.70
0.24
0.61
0.39
0.23
0.93
0.41
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn South Africa, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

325
925
3
9
6
453
5
41
458
4854 52 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0125
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.93
0.115 52
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn South Africa, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

325
825
3
9
5
2
1
35
382
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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0125
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.01
0
0.14
1.56
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn South Africa, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

025
0
0
1
1
4
6
74
805
719
930
1,097
999
1,195
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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

025
0
0.02
0.02
0.30
3.27
2.96
3.87
4.62
4.31
5.22
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.In South Africa, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

125
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

025
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Female Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesIn South Africa, annual female legal-intervention gun homicides total 

125
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Rate of Female Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of female legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

025

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn South Africa, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence55 56 57 58 59 60 61
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, South Africa was ranked 'medium'62
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Home-made GunsIn South Africa, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low63 64 61

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn South Africa, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
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Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from South Africa is reported by manufacturers to be 

2018: 1,27873
2017: 1,37173
2016: 1,49974
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from South Africa is reported by Customs to be US$

2017: 35,000,000
2003475875 (2011): 
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, South Africa was categorized as 'mid-level'76
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Firearm ImportsIn South Africa, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law65 66 67 68 69 70 71
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Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to South Africa is reported to be 

2018: 63,96073
2017: 34,54373
2016: 59,167
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to South Africa is reported by Customs to be US$

2017: 41,000,000
2016: 32,000,00077
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in South Africa is high78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn South Africa, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law87 88 89
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in South Africa include66 69 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, South Africa scored 

2020: 13.25
2019: 12.7590
2018: 11.5091
2016: 11.2592
2014: 3.5093
2013: 2.0094
2012: 2.0095
2011: 2.0096
2010: 2.0097
2009: 2.0098
2008: 2.0099
2007: 2.00100
2006: 2.25101
2005: 4.00102
2004: 3.50103 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in South Africa is categorised as restrictive104
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in South Africa includes the Firearms Control Act 2000,105 the Firearms Control regulations 2004,106 the National Conventional Arms Control Act of 200269 and the Domestic Violence Act107
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in South Africa are regulated by the National Commissioner108 and the South African Police Service109
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn South Africa, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law110 111 112
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn South Africa, civilians are not allowed to possess semi-automatic firearms without special endorsement,113 automatic firearms and specifically modified firearms114
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn South Africa, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited114 47
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn South Africa, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited, with few exceptions114 113
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Regulation of HandgunsIn South Africa, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence114 113 47
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn South Africa,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law113 47
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn South Africa, only licensed gun owners112 115 116 47 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in South Africa are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, collection, personal protection, work113 117 118 119 120 121
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in South Africa is 21 years, with some exceptions that may include the fact that the applicant conducts a business, is gainfully employed, a dedicated hunter, a dedicated sports person or a private collector122 120
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in South Africa must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, medical, domestic violence, addiction, employment, and previous firearm licence123 124 125 126 47 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn South Africa, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required127
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in South Africa stipulates123 124 125 126 107 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn South Africa, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required123 128 116 129  for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn South Africa, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every two to ten years130
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Licensing RecordsIn South Africa, authorities maintain a record131 132 133 134 67 135 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in South Africa are permitted to possess 1 firearm per firearm licence136
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in South Africa are permitted to possess up to 2,400 primers or 200 cartridges per firearm, for all those other than dedicated hunters or sports-shooters137 138
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn South Africa, the law requires131 132 139 140 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn South Africa, licensed firearm dealers are required131 141 142 143 67 140 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn South Africa, licensed gun makers are required131 144 145 140 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn South Africa, State agencies are required131 146 147 148 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn South Africa, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted by a licensed firearm dealer149 72
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn South Africa, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful149 150 71
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Number of Licensed Gun DealersChartThe number of licensed firearm dealers in South Africa is reported to be 

2006: 50150
2000: 720
1999: 644151
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn South Africa, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is 4 months for civilian competency certificates and 30 days for individual security officer certificates152
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn South Africa, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated153 154 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in South Africa include155 156 157 158 159 160 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in South Africa include155 156 55 161 56 159 160 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in South Africa include162 148 163 164 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in South Africa include155 165 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn South Africa, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited166 47
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn South Africa, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed without a permit166 47
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Gun Free ZonesIn South Africa, private guns are prohibited in educational institutions, churches, community centres, health facilities, NGOs, taverns, banks, corporate buildings, government buildings and some public spaces such as sport stadiums167 168
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn South Africa, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm169 is up to 15 years in prison170

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
African UnionIn June 2006, as a member of the African Union, South Africa adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 2006171 172
Southern African Development CommunityAs a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), South Africa signed the SADC Declaration Concerning Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials in March 2001. This laid the ground for the August, 2001 adoption of the legally binding SADC Protocol on Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials173
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006174 by South Africa.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified175 by South Africa
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified176 by South Africa
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, South Africa committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects177
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored South Africa against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 95178 179 180 181 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, South Africa has submitted one or more national reports182 183 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn South Africa, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated183
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn South Africa, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated184 183
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of South Africa submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent184
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated183 by South Africa to other UN Member States
UNPoA International Assistance – RecipientFunds for UNPoA implementation have been provided183 to South Africa by other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, South Africa has not declared185 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, South Africa has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945186
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists187 South Africa as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,188 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual homicides by any means total 

19,84626
21,325
21,036
20,336
19,016
18,673
17,805
17,023
16,213
15,554
15,893
16,767
18,084
18,400
19,202
18,528
18,793
19,824
21,553
21,405
21,75827 28 29 30
22,60428 30 31
25,12728 30
24,486
25,470
26,877
26,83232 30 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

37.9633 34
37.0835
35.02
34.86
33.69
32.55
31.32
30.34
31.18
33.22
36.35
37.44
39.3
38.4
39.5
42.3
46.727 28 36
47.0
48.527 28 37 36
51.228 36
57.7
57.1
60.4
64.9
66.938
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual male homicides by any means total 

18,25139
17,11235
16,112
16,294
15,623
12,233
13,993
13,323
13,346
14,377
15,748
15,943
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

67.2539
63.0535
59.92
61.31
59.56
47.15
54.43
52.24
52.56
57.06
63.41
65.13
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn South Africa, annual female homicides by any means total 

2,77139
3,22435
2,904
2,416
2,234
4,832
2,266
2,286
2,594
2,457
2,436
2,544
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

9.9039
11.6435
10.59
8.92
8.34
18.25
8.65
8.81
10.08
9.64
9.67
10.22
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Gun HomicidesChartIn South Africa, annual firearm homicides total 

7,35140
7,15641
6,55135
5,51342
5,237
9,06328
8,597
9,021
9,714
10,130
10,274
10,72728 29 43 30
11,21228 43 30 44
12,41328 43 30
11,166
11,258
11,15428 30
11,13432 30 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn South Africa, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

12.9241
11.9535
11.2042
10.47
18.828 45 46
18.028 46
19.1
20.8
22.028
22.6
24.0
25.4
28.5
26.0
26.7
26.9
28.8032
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn South Africa, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

34%41 33
32.2%35
33%47
33%27
47.2%28
46.4%
48.0%
49.0%
47.0%
48.0%
49.3%
49.6%
49.4%
45.6%
44.2%
41.5%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsIn South Africa, annual male firearm homicides total 

4,89542
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

20.542
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsIn South Africa, annual female firearm homicides total 

61142
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn South Africa, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

2.5042
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in South Africa, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
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DisarmamentAuthorities in South Africa are known to have189 190 191 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Surrendered in Gun AmnestyChartIn South Africa, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 

46,714192
15,148193
3,857
5,042194
4,332
4,936195
4,876
20,404196
42,329189 197
14,260196
11,479
18,817
62,404190 197
900197
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn South Africa, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

7,593198
19,061
17,479193
8,465
5,341199
10,113
20,145200
25,615
19,327201
21,268202
17,824203
17,157204
13,120205
14,735190 206
23,813205
30,208205 206
21,607
19,756205
15,421
14,272
20,702207 205
14,970
18,154
16,290
14,789
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedChartIn South Africa, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

25,000208
50,000+209 210
12,418193
14,382
9,477194
42,729194 211 212
56,051213
119,810214
46,527215
167,240216
111,491217
64,408218
74,592219
161,049
88,114
79,657
72,158
26,768
16,223219 191
12,416219
115,711220
1998/2001: 262,667
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn South Africa, it is state policy221 222 223 224 148  to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn South Africa, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law225 139 226 227 228 56
Compare
Firearm TracingIn South Africa, state authorities carry out229 230 227 231 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn South Africa, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally232 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where South Africa ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on South Africa on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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85.: Irish-Qhobosheane, Jenni.2021.‘Cross-border Trade.’ How to Silence the Guns? Southern Africa's Illegal Firearms Markets.Geneva:Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, Geneva,19 October. (Q14656)Full Citation
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224.: South Africa.2011.‘No Compensation Payable where Firearms or Ammunition Are Destroyed by State.’ Firearms Control Act 2000 (Act last amended in 2011).Cape Town:Parliament of the Republic of South Africa,5 December. (Q6698)Full Citation
225.: South Africa.2000.‘Identification Marks on Firearms.’ Firearms Control Act 2000.Cape Town:Parliament of the Republic of South Africa,1 January. (Q1426)Full Citation
226.: South Africa.2014.‘International Transfers - Marking at Import.’ National Report of South Africa on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Africa to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12892)Full Citation
227.: South Africa.2008.‘Legal Instruments - Marking and Record Keeping.’ National Report of South Africa on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of South Africa to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1643)Full Citation
228.: South Africa.2004.‘Identification Marks on Firearms.’ Firearms Control Regulations, 2004.Pretoria:Department of Safety and Security,26 March. (Q5256)Full Citation
229.: South Africa.2014.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of South Africa on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of South Africa to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12898)Full Citation
230.: South Africa.2005.‘Tracing of Illegal Firearms.’ National Report of South Africa on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of South Africa to the United Nations,11 July. (Q1645)Full Citation
231.: South Africa.2000.‘Ballistic Testing.’ Firearms Control Act 2000.Cape Town:Parliament of the Republic of South Africa,1 January. (Q1433)Full Citation
232.: South Africa.2000.‘Firearms Control Act.’ Firearms Control Act.Cape Town:Parliament of the Republic of South Africa,1 January. (Q9171)Full Citation

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