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Senegal — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Senegal is

2300001 2:
2017: 323,0003

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Senegal is

2017: 23
2007: 2.01

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Senegal ranked at No. 1124

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Senegal ranked at No. 1251

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Senegal is reported to be

2017: 7,0533

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,5 but in Senegal there are estimated to be

2017: 315,9473

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Senegal are reported to have 16,3206 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Senegal are reported to have 6,0007 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Senegal, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 1,1048
2013: 259
2012: 37910
2010: 1,099
2008: 1,02711

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Senegal, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 7.908
2013: 0.29
2012: 2.810
2010: 8.92
2008: 8.711
2004: 7.6512 11
2003: 1.10
2002: 11.0012
2000: 0.33
1999: 0.48

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Senegal, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 90113
2010: 82213

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Senegal, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 12.2613

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Senegal, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 20413
2010: 277

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Senegal, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 2.6713

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Senegal, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted with a valid licence,14 15 16 17 but is not conducted in practice18 19

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Home-made Guns

In Senegal, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high20 21 22 23 24

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Senegal, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law14 15 25 26 27 28 29

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Firearm Exports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Senegal is reported by manufacturers to be

2017: 030
2015: 0

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Senegal is reported by Customs to be US$243,46631 (2011)

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Firearm Imports

In Senegal, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law14 15 25 32 33 26 27 34 35 36

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Firearm Imports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Senegal is reported to be

2017: 2,31830
2015: 0
2006: 15037

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Senegal is reported by Customs to be US$1,474,78231 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Senegal is moderate38

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Senegal, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law39 15 40 41

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Senegal include42 43 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Senegal is categorised as permissive44

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Senegal includes the Act No. 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Act No. 2006-06 of January 6, 2006, Decree No. 66-889 of November 17, 1966, and Decree No. 73-1128 of December 13, 197345 2

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Senegal are regulated by the Minister of the Interior, and local administrative authorities29 46 25 47

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Senegal, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law48 49 14

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Senegal, civilians are not allowed to possess flintlock rifles,50 airguns51 or weapons of war52

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Senegal, private possession of fully automatic weapons is permitted under licence25 9

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Senegal, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence25

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Regulation of Handguns

In Senegal, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence25 9

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Senegal, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law25 9

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Senegal, only licensed gun owners53 46 54 55 25 32 9 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Senegal are not required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm56 57

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Senegal is undefined55

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Senegal must pass a background check which considers good morality and criminal, mental health and medical55 28 58 59 47 60 9 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Senegal, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required56 57

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Senegal does not stipulate56 57 2 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Senegal, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required56 57 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Senegal, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one year61 62

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Licensing Records

In Senegal, authorities maintain a record62 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Senegal are permitted to possess any number of firearms56 57

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Senegal are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition56 57

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Senegal, the law requires63 43 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Senegal, licensed firearm dealers are required34 64 65 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Senegal, licensed gun makers are not required18 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Senegal, State agencies are required66 67 68 43 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Senegal, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without authorisation from the Ministry of the Interior26 69 46

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Senegal, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful26 29 34 70 14 15

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Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Senegal is obliged55 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Background Checks for Dealer Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Senegal is obliged55 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In Senegal, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per import or purchase permit32

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Senegal, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined56 57

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Senegal, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated56 57 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Senegal include71 72 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Senegal include34 72 36 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Senegal include67 68 73 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Senegal do not include40 41 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Senegal, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited, with rare exceptions74 52 25 75 9

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Senegal, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited, with rare exceptions74 25 75 9

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Senegal, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm76 is five years in prison and a fine77

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Senegal adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200678 79

Economic Community of West African States

In June 2006, as a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Senegal adopted the ECOWAS Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition and other Related Materials. This stipulates strict controls on the transfer, manufacture, possession and security of small arms and light weapons80 81

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200682 by Senegal.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified83 by Senegal

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified84 by Senegal

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Senegal committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects85

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Senegal against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 6086 87 88 89 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Senegal has submitted one or more national reports90 91 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Senegal, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated92 91

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Senegal, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated92

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Senegal submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent92 91

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated91 by Senegal to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided91 to Senegal by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Senegal has declared93 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Senegal has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196094

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list95 Senegal as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,96 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Senegal, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in Senegal are known to have97 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Senegal, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 8,00097 (2003), 35498 (2007)

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Senegal, it is state policy99 97 67 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Senegal, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law32 100 18 66 101 27

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Firearm Tracing

In Senegal, state authorities carry out102 43 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Senegal, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not56 57 recorded in a register

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Senegal ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

2.

Bastick, Megan and Kristin Valasek.2014.‘Civilian Ownership in Senegal.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11035)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

5.

GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

9.

Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Senegal.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9452)Full Citation

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UNODC.2014.‘Homicides in Senegal.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10009)Full Citation

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UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Senegal.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6371)Full Citation

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Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

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UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

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Senegal.1966.‘Article 1.’ Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition (Loi No 66-03 du 18 Janvier 1966 Relative au Régime Général des Armes et des Munitions).Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,18 January. (Q4477)Full Citation

15.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 6.’ Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition (Loi No 66-03 du 18 Janvier 1966 Relative au Régime Général des Armes et des Munitions).Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,18 January. (Q4481)Full Citation

16.

Senegal.2010.‘Manufacture (Fabrication).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3973)Full Citation

17.

Senegal.2007.‘Manufacture (Fabrication).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q3984)Full Citation

18.

Senegal.2016.‘Manufacture (Fabrication).’ National Report of Senegal on Its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12543)Full Citation

19.

Senegal.2010.‘Manufacture (Fabrication).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3980)Full Citation

20.

Senegal.2018.‘Manufacture (Fabrication).’ National Report of Senegal on Its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13701)Full Citation

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Florquin, Nicolas, Sigrid Lipott and Francis Wairagu.2019.‘Excerpts on Illicit/Craft Production - Senegal.’ Weapons Compass: Mapping Illicit Small Arms Flows in Africa.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 January. (Q14003)Full Citation

22.

Senegal.2010.‘Home-made Firearms.’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3975)Full Citation

23.

Senegal.2010.‘Record Keeping - Home-made Firearms (Tenue de registres - Armes Artisanales).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3981)Full Citation

24.

Howard, Alun.2005.‘National Gun Law Guidelines Consultation: Analysis of specific national gun laws.’ International Action Network on Small Arms / IANSA.Geneva:Unpublished IANSA working paper - See Notes,15 November. (Q5284)Full Citation

25.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 2.’ Decree No 66-889 of November 17, 1966, on the Implementation of the Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition.Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,17 November. (Q4490)Full Citation

26.

Senegal.2010.‘Possession - Storage - Trade (Possession - Stockage - Commerce).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3974)Full Citation

27.

Senegal.2016.‘International Transfers (Transferts internationaux).’ National Report of Senegal on Its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12544)Full Citation

28.

Senegal.2010.‘Export (Exportation).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3978)Full Citation

29.

Senegal.2008.‘Export Controls.’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,21 April. (Q3983)Full Citation

30.

Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat.2017.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ Arms Trade Treaty Annual Report.Geneva:Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat,1 January. (Q13951)Full Citation

31.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

32.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 5.’ Decree No 66-889 of November 17, 1966, on the Implementation of the Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition.Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,17 November. (Q4492)Full Citation

33.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 6.’ Decree No 66-889 of November 17, 1966, on the Implementation of the Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition.Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,17 November. (Q4493)Full Citation

34.

Senegal.2007.‘Export Controls (Autorisation d'Exportation).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q3985)Full Citation

35.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 15.’ Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition (Loi No 66-03 du 18 Janvier 1966 Relative au Régime Général des Armes et des Munitions).Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,18 January. (Q4485)Full Citation

36.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 14.’ Decree No 66-889 of November 17, 1966, on the Implementation of the Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition.Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,17 November. (Q4497)Full Citation

37.

UN Register of Conventional Arms.2018.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ UNROCA - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q13952)Full Citation

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Mangan, Fiona and Matthias Nowak.2019.‘The Nature of Illicit Arms Trafficking in West Africa and the Sahel.’ The West Africa–Sahel Connection: Mapping Cross-Border Arms Trafficking.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 December. (Q14062)Full Citation

39.

Senegal.2018.‘Brokering (Courtage).’ National Report of Senegal on Its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13702)Full Citation

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Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Transactions and Activities Covered - Imports, Exports, Transit and Brokering.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5013)Full Citation

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Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Comparison of the Main Regulatory Aspects Examined - Senegal.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q4015)Full Citation

42.

Senegal.2018.‘End-user Certificate (Certificat d'utilisation finale).’ National Report of Senegal on Its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13703)Full Citation

43.

Senegal.2010.‘Tracing - End-user Certificates (Traçage - Certificats de Destination Finale).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3979)Full Citation

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Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

45.

Senegal.2010.‘Law, Regulation, and Procedures (Lois, Réglementations et Procédures).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3971)Full Citation

46.

Senegal.2005.‘Administrative Procedures: Licensing (Procédures Administratives: Autorisation).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q3990)Full Citation

47.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 4.’ Decree No 66-889 of November 17, 1966, on the Implementation of the Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition.Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,17 November. (Q4491)Full Citation

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Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

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Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

50.

Senegal.2005.‘Prohibited Manufacture, Import, Export (Fabrication, Importation, Exportation Interdites).’ National Report of Senegal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Senegal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q3987)Full Citation

51.

Senegal.1966.‘Article 4.’ Act No 66-03 of January 18, 1966, Regulating Arms and Ammunition (Loi No 66-03 du 18 Janvier 1966 Relative au Régime Général des Armes et des Munitions).Dakar:Office of the President of the Republic of Senegal,18 January. (Q4479)Full Citation

52.

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