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Russia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Russia is

2017: 17,620,0001
2007: 12,750,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Russia is

2017: 12.301
2007: 8.92

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Russia, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 226,0003

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Russia, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 3,410,0003

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Russia ranked at No. 94

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Russia ranked at No. 682

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Russia is reported to be

2017: 6,600,0001
2007: 5,000,0002

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered guns per 100 people in Russia is 3.505

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,6 but in Russia there are estimated to be

2017: 11,020,0001

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Russia are reported to have 30,272,9007 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Russia are reported to have 2,432,0008 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Russia, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 16,2329
2014: 17,414
2013: 18,464
2012: 19,881
2011: 21,506
2010: 22,897
2009: 15,954
2008: 16,617
2007: 25,65010 11
2006: 28,989
2005: 35,817
2004: 39,396
2003: 42,160
2002: 44,675
2001: 43,556
2000: 41,386
1999: 38,589
1998: 33,98210
1997: 35,40510 12
1996: 39,490
1995: 45,799

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Russia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 11.319
2014: 12.14
2013: 12.88
2012: 13.87
2011: 15.02
2010: 15.99
2009: 11.1
2008: 11.613 10 14 11
2007: 17.910 14 11
2006: 20.2
2005: 24.9
2004: 27.3
2003: 29.1
2002: 30.7
2001: 29.8
2000: 28.2
1999: 26.2
1998: 23.010 14
1997: 23.9
1996: 26.6
1995: 30.8

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

In Russia, annual male homicides by any means total

2010: 17,28715

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

In Russia, annual female homicides by any means total

2010: 5,61015

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Gun Homicides

In Russia, annual firearm homicides total

2013: 1,28316

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

In Russia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2013: 0.9016

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Russia, annual suicides by any means total

2011: 31,14417
2010: 33,480
2009: 37,570
2008: 38,406
2007: 41,329
2006: 42,855
2005: 46,063
2004: 49,378
2003: 51,749
2002: 55,330
2001: 57,284
2000: 56,934
1999: 57,276
1998: 51,77018

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Russia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2011: 21.7917
2010: 23.44
2009: 26.47
2008: 27.05
2007: 29.08
2006: 30.08
2005: 32.19
2004: 34.33
2003: 36.07
2002: 38.72
2001: 39.84
2000: 39.40
1999: 39.45
1998: 36.1418

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Russia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence19

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Russia was ranked 'major'20

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Russia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law21 22 23 24

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Russia is reported by Customs to be US$44,286,00725 (2011)26 27 28 29 30

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Russia was categorized as 'major'31 32 33 34 30 35

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Firearm Imports

In Russia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law22 23 24

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Russia is reported by Customs to be US$45,664,99725 (2011)36 37 38 39

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Russia is moderate3

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Russia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law40 41

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Russia include21 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

ChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Russia scored

2018: 9.5042
2016: 9.7543
2014: 10.2544
2013: 5.5045
2012: 5.5046
2011: 6.0047
2010: 5.5048
2009: 5.5049
2008: 5.5050
2007: 5.5051
2006: 5.5052
2005: 5.5053
2004: 5.0054

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Russia is categorised as restrictive55

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Russia includes the Federal Weapons Act of 1996,19 22 56 the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation,57 58 and the Convention of 1 July 1969 on Reciprocal Recognition of Proofmarks on Small Arms59

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Russia are regulated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs,56 the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Federal Service for Defence Contracts,19 the President, the Government or the Federal Service for Military and Technical Cooperation22

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Russia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law60 61

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Russia, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms and handguns62

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Russia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited62 63

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Russia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is not specifically prohibited in law62

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Regulation of Handguns

In Russia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited62 63

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Russia, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law63

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Russia, only licensed gun owners64 65 63 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Russia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, collection, personal protection, security3

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Russia is 18 years65

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Russia must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, and medical65 66 63 records

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Firearm Safety Training

In Russia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required3 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Russia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every five years67

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Russia, the law requires68 62 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Russia, licensed gun makers are required69 19 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Russia, State agencies are required70 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Russia include67 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Russia include71 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Russia include71 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Russia include72 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Russia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law73 19

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Firearm Tracing

In Russia, state authorities carry out68 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Russia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited, with some exceptions74 67 63

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Russia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited, with some exceptions74 67 63

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Russia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm75 is eight years in prison and a fine58 67

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Russia are known to have76 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Russia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2013: 1,22277 76 78
2012: 8,444
2011: 2,23378
2010: 47

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Russia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

1994/2002: 1,110,00079:

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Russia, it is not state policy80 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

The UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists81 Russia as an elected member

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed82 by Russia.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed83 by Russia

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed84 by Russia

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Russia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects85

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Russia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 3086 87 88 89 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Russia has submitted one or more national reports90 41 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Russia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated91 41

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Russia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated91 41

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Russia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent41

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated41 by Russia to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided41 to Russia by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Russia has not declared92 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Russia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194593

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists94 Russia as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Russia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Russia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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