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Puerto Rico — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Puerto Rico is

2017: 422,0001
2012: 800,0002 3

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Puerto Rico is

2017: 11.501
2012: 20.02

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Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a Gun

In Puerto Rico, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be

2001: 6.7%4 3

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,5 but in Puerto Rico there are estimated to be

2013: 380,0006

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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,5 but in Puerto Rico the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 10.427

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Puerto Rico are reported to have 12,0008 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Puerto Rico are reported to have 26,0009 8 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 58610
2014: 65810
2013: 856
2012: 912
2011: 1,043
2010: 92211
2009: 857
2008: 777
2007: 696
2001: 73412

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 16.8710
2014: 18.62
2013: 23.85
2012: 25.08
2011: 28.35
2010: 24.77
2009: 22.91
2008: 20.66
2007: 18.40
2001: 19.227

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Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 55410
2014: 62410
2013: 813
2012: 856
2011: 992
2010: 881
2009: 824
2008: 737
2007: 664

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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is

2015: 33.4510
2014: 36.95
2013: 47.34
2012: 49.17
2011: 56.27
2010: 49.42

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Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 3210
2014: 3410
2013: 43
2012: 56
2011: 51
2010: 41
2009: 33
2008: 40
2007: 32

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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is

2015: 1.7610
2014: 1.84
2013: 2.30
2012: 2.95
2011: 2.66
2010: 2.11

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 70413
2015: 612
2014: 704
2013: 924
2012: 1,015
2011: 1,179
2010: 1,030
2009: 956
2008: 874
2007: 774
2006: 783
2005: 825
2004: 843
2003: 818
2002: 820
2001: 802
2000: 1,320
1999: 59314
1998: 652
1997: 724
1996: 868
1995: 864

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 20.6413
2015: 17.62
2014: 19.92
2013: 25.74
2012: 27.91
2011: 32.04
2010: 27.68
2009: 24.70
2008: 21.59
2007: 19
2006: 19.94
2005: 21.1
2004: 21.65
2003: 21.1
2002: 21.25
2001: 20.9
2000: 19.24
1999: 15.614
1998: 17.2
1997: 19.3
1996: 23.3
1995: 23.3

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 64813
2015: 576
2014: 652
2013: 871
2012: 932
2011: 1,097
2010: 966
2009: 900
2008: 810
2007: 724
2006: 738
2005: 759
2004: 775
2003: 759
2002: 757
2001: 733
2000: 1,320

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 39.9113
2015: 34.78
2014: 38.61
2013: 50.71
2012: 53.53
2011: 62.23
2010: 54.18
2009: 47.28
2008: 42.24
2007: 37.60

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 5613
2015: 36
2014: 52
2013: 53
2012: 83
2011: 82
2010: 64
2009: 56
2008: 64
2007: 50
2006: 45
2005: 66
2004: 68
2003: 59
2002: 63
2001: 69

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 3.1313
2015: 1.98
2014: 2.82
2013: 2.83
2012: 4.38
2011: 4.28
2010: 3.30
2009: 2.81
2008: 2.94
2007: 2.76

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual firearm homicides total

2015: 53810
2014: 61310
2013: 796
2012: 860
2011: 952
2010: 869
2009: 824
2008: 713
2007: 617
2005: 69214
2001: 67012

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 15.4910
2014: 17.35
2013: 22.18
2012: 23.65
2011: 25.87
2010: 23.35
2009: 22.03
2008: 18.96
2007: 16.31
2005: 18.314
2001: 17.2712

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2013: 91%15
2012: 88%
2011: 87%
2010: 90%
2005: 94.8%14

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 50710
2014: 581
2013: 757
2012: 807
2011: 905
2010: 831
2009: 792
2008: 676
2007: 588

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 30.6110
2014: 34.41
2013: 44.08
2012: 46.35
2011: 51.34
2010: 46.61

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual female firearm homicides total

2015: 3110
2014: 32
2013: 39
2012: 53
2011: 47
2010: 38
2009: 32
2008: 37
2007: 29

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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 1.7110
2014: 1.73
2013: 2.08
2012: 2.80
2011: 2.45
2010: 1.96

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual suicides by any means total

2015: 22610
2014: 22010
2013: 241
2012: 246
2011: 258
2010: 286
2009: 331
2008: 300
2007: 271
2001: 27912

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 6.5110
2014: 6.23
2013: 6.71
2012: 6.77
2011: 7.01
2010: 7.69
2009: 8.85
2008: 7.98
2007: 7.16
2001: 7.1912

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual male suicides by any means total

2015: 20110
2014: 18810
2013: 204
2012: 204
2011: 216
2010: 241
2009: 302
2008: 253
2007: 228

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 12.1410
2014: 11.13
2013: 11.88
2012: 11.72
2011: 12.25
2010: 13.52

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual female suicides by any means total

2015: 2510
2014: 3210
2013: 37
2012: 42
2011: 42
2010: 45
2009: 29
2008: 47
2007: 43

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 1.3810
2014: 1.73
2013: 1.98
2012: 2.22
2011: 2.19
2010: 2.32

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual firearm suicides total

2015: 3610
2014: 3010
2013: 40
2012: 24
2011: 35
2010: 3411
2009: 26
2008: 37
2007: 29
2001: 4512

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 1.0410
2014: 0.85
2013: 1.11
2012: 0.66
2011: 0.95
2010: 0.91
2009: 0.70
2008: 0.98
2007: 0.77
2001: 1.1612

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual male firearm suicides total

2015: 3610
2014: 2910
2013: 37
2012: 22
2011: 31
2010: 33
2009: 26
2008: 35
2007: 26

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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 2.1710
2014: 1.72
2013: 2.15
2012: 1.26
2011: 1.76
2010: 1.85

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Female Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual female firearm suicides total

2014: 110
2013: 3
2012: 2
2011: 4
2010: 1
2008: 2
2007: 3

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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.0510
2013: 0.16
2012: 0.11
2011: 0.21
2010: 0.05

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2015: 910
2014: 1510
2013: 20
2012: 28
2011: 56
2010: 1911
2009: 6
2008: 27
2007: 48
2001: 1912

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.2610
2014: 0.42
2013: 0.56
2012: 0.77
2011: 1.52
2010: 0.51
2009: 0.16
2008: 0.72
2007: 1.27
2001: 0.4912

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2015: 810
2014: 1410
2013: 19
2012: 27
2011: 56
2010: 17
2009: 6
2008: 26
2007: 48

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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.4810
2014: 0.83
2013: 1.11
2012: 1.55
2011: 3.18
2010: 0.95

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2015: 110
2014: 110
2013: 1
2012: 1
2011: 0
2010: 2
2008: 1

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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.0610
2014: 0.05
2013: 0.05
2012: 0.05
2010: 0.10
2009:
2008:
2007:

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2015: 310
2014: 010
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0
2009: 1
2007: 2
2000: 112

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Puerto Rico, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.0910
2009: 0.03
2007: 0.05
2000: 0.0312

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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2015: 310
2014: 010
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0
2007: 2

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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Puerto Rico, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.1810

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Puerto Rico, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2014: 010
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0
2009: 110

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Puerto Rico, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence16 17 18 19 20 21

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Imports

In Puerto Rico, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law16 17

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Puerto Rico is high22 23 24

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Puerto Rico, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law25

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Puerto Rico do not include25 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Puerto Rico is categorised as restrictive26

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Puerto Rico includes the Arms Act of 2000, Chapter 51A27

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Puerto Rico are regulated by the the Police Superintendent28 and the Secretary of the Department of the Treasury17 24

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Puerto Rico, the right to private gun ownership is conditionally guaranteed by the US Constitution,29 as limited by federal law30 and state law31

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Puerto Rico, civilians are not allowed to possess machine guns, automatic firearms, sawn-off shotguns of less than eighteen (18) inches or armour-piercing ammunition32 33 34 35

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Puerto Rico, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited32 33 34

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Puerto Rico, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence35 33

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Regulation of Handguns

In Puerto Rico, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence35 36

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Puerto Rico, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law35 33

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Puerto Rico, only licensed gun owners37 28 18 32 38 39 40 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Puerto Rico is 21 years28 (with exceptions for hunting or sport)41

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Puerto Rico must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health and addiction28 42 43 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Puerto Rico, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required28

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Partner to be Advised or Interviewed

In Puerto Rico, licensing authorities are not required25 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Puerto Rico stipulates42 28 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Puerto Rico, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required28 36 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Puerto Rico, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every five years28 36

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Licensing Records

In Puerto Rico, authorities maintain a record18 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Puerto Rico are permitted to possess two firearms, with exceptions for hunting or sport28 44

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Puerto Rico are permitted to possess only 50 rounds of ammunition per calendar year (with exceptions for hunting or sport)21 45

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Puerto Rico, the law requires18 46 40 38 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Puerto Rico, licensed firearm dealers are required17 19 46 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Puerto Rico, licensed gun makers are required17 19 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Puerto Rico, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted and registered by a licensed firearm dealer46 28 18 21

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Puerto Rico, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful16 17 47 19 46 18 48 21

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Puerto Rico, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated25 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Puerto Rico include28 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Puerto Rico include17 49 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Puerto Rico include28 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Puerto Rico, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law with only narrow exemptions50 40

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Firearm Tracing

In Puerto Rico, state authorities carry out51 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Puerto Rico, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not25 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Puerto Rico, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law36

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Puerto Rico, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited28

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Puerto Rico, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit28 36

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Puerto Rico, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm52 is five years in prison37 33 48 34 53 32 16 20 17 50 41 54 21

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Puerto Rico are known to have55 56 57 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Puerto Rico, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be

2012: 40057

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

In Puerto Rico, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2012: 17058

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Puerto Rico, it is state policy59 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Puerto Rico is not a Member State of the United Nations60

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list61 Puerto Rico as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Puerto Rico, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Country Analyses: Puerto Rico.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q11337)Full Citation

4.

North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics.2002.‘Question: Are any firearms now kept in or around your home? Include those kept in a garage, outdoor storage area, car, truck, or other motor vehicle.’ BRFSS Survey Results 2001 for Nationwide.Atlanta, GA:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System / BRFSS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC,2 September. (Q8391)Full Citation

5.

GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

6.

Latin American Herald Tribune (Venezuela). 2013. ‘Puerto Rico Toughens Penalties For Shooting Into The Air.’ 3 December. (N406) Full Citation

7.

GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Puerto Rico.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,20 May. (Q8735)Full Citation

8.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘State Firearms Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8973)Full Citation

9.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

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Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation

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Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

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Igarapé Institute.2019.‘Homicides and Homicide Rates 2000 to 2018.’ Homicide Monitor.Rio de Janeiro:Igarapé Institute,28 June. (Q13953)Full Citation

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UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Puerto Rico.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6357)Full Citation

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Igarapé Institute.2015.‘Homicides and Homicide Rates 2000 to 2014 - Puerto Rico.’ Homicide Monitor 2015.Rio de Janeiro:Igarapé Institute,24 June. (Q11121)Full Citation

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Puerto Rico.2000.‘Manufacture, Importation, Sale and Distribution of Weapons.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11239)Full Citation

17.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Gunsmith License; Report of Transactions.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11231)Full Citation

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Puerto Rico.2000.‘Electronic Register.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11227)Full Citation

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Puerto Rico.2000.‘Conditions for Operations of Gunsmiths; Evidence of Transactions.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11234)Full Citation

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Puerto Rico.2000.‘Manufacture, Distribution, Possession and Use [Ammunition].’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11251)Full Citation

21.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Sale of Ammunition to Persons Without a License; Limit in the Amount of Ammunition.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11273)Full Citation

22.

EFE News Agency. 2011. ‘Puerto Rico and US Federal Authorities Unite Against Arms Trafficking.’ 20 September. (N408) Full Citation

23.

Henry Pierson Curtis. 2008. ‘Illegal Guns Went to Puerto Rican Gangs, Agent Says.’ Orlando Sentinel (Florida). 19 March. (N409) Full Citation

24.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Interagency Committee Against the Illegal Traffic of Weapons.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11237)Full Citation

25.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Firearms.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q12072)Full Citation

26.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

27.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Firearms.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11342)Full Citation

28.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Weapons License.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11228)Full Citation

29.

USA.1791.‘Second Amendment to the Constitution.’ Constitution of the United States, The Bill of Rights.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States of America,15 December. (Q1954)Full Citation

30.

Scalia, J.2008.‘District of Columbia et al. v. Heller.’ Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.Washington, DC:Supreme Court of the United States,26 June. (Q8502)Full Citation

31.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Firearms.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11343)Full Citation

32.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Presumptions.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11246)Full Citation

33.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Possession or Illegal Use of Long Barreled Weapons Semi - Automatic and Automatic Weapons or Sawed-off Shotgun.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11244)Full Citation

34.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Trade in Automatic Firearms.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11241)Full Citation

35.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Semiautomatics.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11236)Full Citation

36.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Permits.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11229)Full Citation

37.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Possession Without a License.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11243)Full Citation

38.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Hunting Licenses.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11252)Full Citation

39.

Puerto Rico.2000.‘Weapons License; Permits to Carry Weapons; Persons Exempted from Payment of the Voucher.’ Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000.San Juan:Puerto Rico,11 September. (Q11230)Full Citation

40.

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