Portugal — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
Compare
Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Portugal is 

2017: 2,186,0001
2010: 2,600,0002
2005: 900,0003
: 
Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Portugal is 

2017: 21.084
2010: 24.41
2005: 8.51
: 
Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Portugal ranked at No. 385
Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Portugal ranked at No.225
Compare
Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a GunIn Portugal, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be 

2015: 6%6
Compare
Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Portugal, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2005: 18.3%7
1999/2003: 13.2%
Compare
Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Portugal, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

2005: 3.9%7
1999/2003: 4.3%
Compare
Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Portugal is reported to be 

2021: 216,000 8
Compare
Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Portugal is reported to be 

2017: 1,400,00019
2010: 1,400,0002
: 
Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Portugal is 

2017: 13.54
2010: 13.15
: 
Compare
Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,10 but in Portugal there are estimated to be 

2017: 786,00011 1
2010: 1,200,0002
: 
Compare
Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,10 but in Portugal the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

2017: 7.584
2010: 11.27
: 
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
Compare
Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Portugal are reported to have 333,64012 firearms
Compare
Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Portugal are reported to have 89,00013 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

10314
115
144
185
15515 16 17 18
142
14115 16 18 19
14215 16 17 18
18820
15215 16 17 18
159
158
208
221
17115 16 17
102
20215 16 17 21
12415 16 17 
Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.9914
1.10
1.38
1.76
1.47
1.34
1.32
1.33
1.76
1.43
1.50
1.49
1.98
2.12
1.65
0.99
1.96
1.21
Compare
Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Portugal, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

9514
104
133
158
133
126
126
126
164
139
140
142
185
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

1.9314
2.10
2.68
3.16
2.64
2.49
2.47
2.46
3.20
2.71
2.74
2.78
3.65
Compare
Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Portugal, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

814
11
11
27
22
16
15
16
24
13
19
16
23
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.1514
0.20
0.20
0.49
0.40
0.29
0.27
0.29
0.43
0.24
0.35
0.29
0.42
Compare
Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual homicides by any means total 

8122
76
66
100
92
144
122
114
124
130
124
185
15523 24 25
133
14423 24 26
149
11923 24
105
11623 24 27
10924 27
125
11424 28
106
40828 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.9122
0.87
0.79
0.74
0.64
0.96
0.88
1.37
1.16
1.08
1.17
1.22
1.16
1.74
1.523 24 25
1.3
1.423 24 26
1.4
1.123 24
1.0
1.123 24 27
1.124 27
1.2
1.124 28
1.0
4.1128 24
2.9829
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual male homicides by any means total 

4430
92
81
75
82
92
87
133
Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.8930
1.85
1.61
1.48
1.62
1.80
1.72
2.60
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual female homicides by any means total 

4830
52
41
39
42
38
36
52
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.8822
0.95
0.75
0.71
0.76
0.68
0.65
0.94
Compare
Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual firearm homicides total 

2515
29
28
19
51
3015 23 24
44
35
8123 24
68
7224
5715 24
6715
67
39
61
70
12628
130
132 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2414
0.27
0.26
0.18
0.48
0.28
0.41
0.33
0.764 24
0.64
0.724
0.5415 24
0.6415
0.65
0.38
0.6
0.69
1.2728
1.31
1.33
1.2831
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Portugal, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

37%23 32
20%23
36%
34%
44%
29%
52%
51%
50.0%24
53.0%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Portugal, annual male firearm homicides total 

514
7
13
18
9
17
17
13
31
18
26
16
35
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1014
0.14
0.26
0.36
0.18
0.34
0.34
0.26
0.61
0.35
0.51
0.31



0.69


Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Portugal, annual female firearm homicides total 

214 33
1
6
7
5
3
5
16
7
11
7
9
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0414
0.02
0.11
0.13
0.09
0.05
0.09
0.29
0.13
0.20
0.13



0.17


Compare
Handgun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual handgun homicides total 

415
2
2
1
2
2
2
17 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0415
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.16
Compare
Long Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual long gun homicides total 

515
5
6
1
4
4
5
10
11
5 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0515
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.11
0.05
Compare
Gun Homicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual gun homicides (other) total 

1615
22
20
18
47
25
37
23
44
45 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.1515
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.44
0.24
0.35
0.22
0.42
0.43
Compare
Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual suicides by any means total 

1,07114
1,146
1,089
1,265
1,341
1,151
1,178
1,125
1,217
1,127
1,137
1,127
1,282
54521 
Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

014
10.34
11.04
10.46
12.11
12.78
10.91
11.11
10.57
11.41
10.57
10.68
10.61
0
0
0
12.17
0
0
5.4221
14.8334
Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual male suicides by any means total 

80814
869
856
925
1,033
905
953
890
947
902
888
853
1,009
Compare
Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

16.4514
17.63
17.31
18.62
20.68
17.99
18.80
17.46
18.52
17.62
17.33
16.67
19.83
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual female suicides by any means total 

26314
277
233
340
308
246
225
235
270
225
249
274
273
Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.8314
5.08
4.26
6.20
5.61
4.46
4.06
4.23
4.87
4.06
4.51
4.98
5.02
Compare
Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual firearm suicides total 

7514
85
108
133
11816
98
10216 19
10716
116
102
99
107
127
92
103
57
62
50 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.7214
0.82
1.03
1.27
1.12
0.92
0.96
1
1.09
0.96
0.93
1.01
1.21
0.88
0.61
0.49
1.2835
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Portugal, annual male firearm suicides total 

7114
82
106
122
108
93
94
96
111
99
94
102
121
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

1.4514
1.66
2.14
2.46
2.16
1.85
1.85
1.88
2.17
1.93
1.83
1.99
2.38
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Portugal, annual female firearm suicides total 

414
3
2
11
10
5
8
11
5
3
5
5
6
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0714
0.05
0.04
0.20
0.18
0.09
0.14
0.20
0.09
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.11
Compare
Handgun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual handgun suicides total 

2016
1
2
1
2
1
7
14 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1916
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.07
0.13
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, the number of long gun suicides is 

2616
26
12
17
12
16
22
23
15
5 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2516
0.25
0.11
0.16
0.11
0.15
0.21
0.22
0.14
0.05
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual gun suicides (other) total 

7216
71
88
90
104
85
75
83
105
73 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.6916
0.68
0.84
0.85
0.98
0.80
0.71
0.79
1.00
0.70
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

414
1
1
1
117
1
0
3
2
3
2
4
6
21
5
6
2
4 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0414
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04



0.06
0.2


0.02
0.04
0.2136
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Portugal, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

414
1
1
1
1
0
0
3
2
3
2
4
6
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0814
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.08
0.12
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Portugal, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

014
1
0
0
0
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Portugal, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0214
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

117
1
1
1
3
9 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0117
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.09
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

117
2
2
2
2
3
3
12 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0117
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.12
Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

1214
11
9
6
1118
14
1118 19
1318
19
17
15
12
18
41
7721 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

014
0.12
0.11
0.09
0.06
0.10
0.13
0.10
0.12
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.11
0
0
0
0.17
0.40
0
0
0.7721
0.9337
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Portugal, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

914
9
7
5
1114
13
10
13
17
15
14
11
15
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.1814
0.18
0.14
0.10
0.22
0.26
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.29
0.27
0.21
0.29
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Portugal, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

314
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
2
2
1
1
3
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0614
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.06
Compare
Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

118
1 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0118
0.01
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

318
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
7 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0318
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.07
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Portugal, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

718
13
11
12
17
15
14
11
16
34 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0718
0.12
0.10
0.11
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.10
0.15
0.33

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Portugal, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence38 39
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Portugal was ranked 'small'40
Compare
Home-made GunsIn Portugal, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate41

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Portugal, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law42 43 39 44 45 46 47 48 49
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Portugal is reported by manufacturers to be 

73,91050
97,363
61,603
66,940
70,447
74,847
38,13351
52,489
38,944
40,040
16
464
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Portugal is reported by Customs to be US$

67,131,00052
55,621,000
58,047,000
54,969,000
55,568,000
52,725,000
58,058,000
76,486,000
62,200,000
50,129,000
26,107,000
32,872,000
48,173,000
37,584,000
33,676,000
25,208,000
25,288,000
26,036,000
25,503,000
17,608,000
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Portugal was categorized as 'major'53 54 55
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn Portugal, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law42 43 39 44 45 46 47 49
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Portugal is reported to be 

10,49250
6,622
5,035
4,049
3,075
3,247
1,35451
72
8,344
1,421
8,130
244
979
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Portugal is reported by Customs to be US$

47,320,00056
51,597,000
40,236,000
36,342,000
35,261,000
40,079,000
42,852,000
55,720,000
45,053,000
33,833,000
17,935,000
29,033,000
29,788,000
22,518,000
17,622,000
15,988,000
17,875,000
19,020,000
22,272,000
18,529,000
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Portugal is moderate57 58
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Portugal, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law59 60 39 61 62
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Portugal include63 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Portugal scored 

15.50
15.7564
16.5065
16.7566
12.7567
11.0068
11.7569
12.7570
13.2571
12.7572
14.7573
13.2574
13.0075
11.5076
11.0077 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Portugal is categorised as restrictive78
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Portugal includes the Firearms Act No. 5/2006, as amended in 2013,79 63 39 80 Law No. 5 of 23 February 2006, 81 82 Law No. 50/2019, 83 Presidential Legal Decree No. 8/2020 of March 9th 2020, 84 Ministerial Regulation No. 4/2021 of July 26th 2021,85 Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons ,86 87 the European Union Firearms Regulation of 2012 and the Common Position on the Control of Arms Brokering of 200388
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Portugal are regulated by the European Commission87
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn Portugal, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law89 90
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Portugal, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, firearms disguised as other objects, and armour-piercing, incendiary and expanding ammunition91 92 93
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Portugal, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited91 92 32
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Portugal, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted only with special authorisation94 95 92 93 96 97 98 99 100
Compare
Regulation of HandgunsIn Portugal, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted only with special authorisation91 94 95 92 32 101 102 103
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn Portugal,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law32 97 98 99 100
Compare
Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Portugal, only licensed gun owners39 104 91 94 32 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Portugal are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, personal protection, security105
Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Portugal is 18 years105
Compare
Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Portugal must pass a background check which considers criminal and mental health105 32 106 records
Compare
Firearm Safety TrainingIn Portugal, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required107 108 109 110 for a firearm licence
Compare
Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Portugal, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every five years111
Compare
Licensing RecordsIn Portugal, authorities maintain a record112 113 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Portugal are permitted to possess only an approved number of firearms114
Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Portugal are permitted to possess only ammunition suitable for the intended firearm47 101 102 97 99 115 116
Firearm Registration
Compare
Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Portugal, the law requires117 118 119 9 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Compare
Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Portugal, licensed firearm dealers are required119 120 49 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Portugal, licensed gun makers are required79 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
Compare
State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Portugal, State agencies are required121 122 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Portugal, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful39 61 95 123
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Portugal include114 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Portugal include121 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Portugal include124 125 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
Compare
Law Regulates Firearms in PublicIn Portugal, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law32
Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Portugal, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is permitted if justified126
Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Portugal, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm127 is five years in prison39 128 129 130 131

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
European UnionAs a member of the European Union, Portugal is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament132 133
European Union Export ReportingUnder the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Portugal is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Portugal has submitted one or more national reports134 on its arms transfers
Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006135 by Portugal.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified136 by Portugal
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified137 by Portugal
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Portugal committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects138
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Portugal against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 1139 140 141 142 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Portugal has submitted one or more national reports143 144 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Portugal, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated144
Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Portugal, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated145 144
Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Portugal submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent144
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated144 by Portugal to other UN Member States
Compare
United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Portugal has declared146 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Portugal has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1955147
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists148 Portugal as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,149 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual homicides by any means total 

8122
76
66
100
92
144
122
114
124
130
124
185
15523 24 25
133
14423 24 26
149
11923 24
105
11623 24 27
10924 27
125
11424 28
106
40828 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.9122
0.87
0.79
0.74
0.64
0.96
0.88
1.37
1.16
1.08
1.17
1.22
1.16
1.74
1.523 24 25
1.3
1.423 24 26
1.4
1.123 24
1.0
1.123 24 27
1.124 27
1.2
1.124 28
1.0
4.1128 24
2.9829
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual male homicides by any means total 

4430
92
81
75
82
92
87
133
Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.8930
1.85
1.61
1.48
1.62
1.80
1.72
2.60
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Portugal, annual female homicides by any means total 

4830
52
41
39
42
38
36
52
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.8822
0.95
0.75
0.71
0.76
0.68
0.65
0.94
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Portugal, annual firearm homicides total 

2515
29
28
19
51
3015 23 24
44
35
8123 24
68
7224
5715 24
6715
67
39
61
70
12628
130
132 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2414
0.27
0.26
0.18
0.48
0.28
0.41
0.33
0.764 24
0.64
0.724
0.5415 24
0.6415
0.65
0.38
0.6
0.69
1.2728
1.31
1.33
1.2831
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Portugal, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

37%23 32
20%23
36%
34%
44%
29%
52%
51%
50.0%24
53.0%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Portugal, annual male firearm homicides total 

514
7
13
18
9
17
17
13
31
18
26
16
35
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1014
0.14
0.26
0.36
0.18
0.34
0.34
0.26
0.61
0.35
0.51
0.31



0.69


Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Portugal, annual female firearm homicides total 

214 33
1
6
7
5
3
5
16
7
11
7
9
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Portugal, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0414
0.02
0.11
0.13
0.09
0.05
0.09
0.29
0.13
0.20
0.13



0.17


Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Portugal, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Compare
DisarmamentAuthorities in Portugal are known to have150 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Surrendered in Gun AmnestyChartIn Portugal, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 

42,4488
20,000151
11,965
6,635
4,884151
>6.000152
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Portugal, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

1,785153
11,637
7,536
5,925
6,754
8,772154
11,296155
10,797
6,723156
4,395
2009/14: 31,670157
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Portugal, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

32,996158
36,419
20,842159
585160
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Portugal, it is not state policy161 121 162 49 163 164 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Portugal, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law165 79 166 167 39 168 169 170 171 172
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Portugal, state authorities carry out173 165 174 119 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Portugal ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Portugal on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Purcena, Júlio César.2010.‘Small Arms Supply in Portugal: Legal and Illegal Markets - Small Arms Circulation in Portugal.’ Violence and Small Arms: The Portuguese Case (Online Bulletin of the Peace Studies Group).Coimbra:Peace Studies Group - Centre for Social Studies, School of Economics, University of Coimbra,1 December. (Q4189)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
4.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Portugal.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,27 July. (Q4308)Full Citation
5.: GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation
6.: Directorate-General for Home Affairs.2015.‘Firearms Ownership - Firearms in the EU.’ Flash Eurobarometer 383: Firearms in the European Union.Brussels:European Commission,19 January. (Q13506)Full Citation
7.: van Dijk, Jan, John van Kesteren and Paul Smit.2007.‘Ownership of Firearms and Handguns in Countries and Main Cities (percentages): 1989-2005 ICVS and 2005 EU ICS.’ Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key findings from the 2004-2005 ICVS and EU ICS.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,1 January. (Q11815)Full Citation
8.: Diario de Noticias (Portugal). 2021. ‘Fewer firearms in the homes of Portugal.’ 25 September. (N808) Full Citation
9.: João Carlos Rodrigues. 2017. ‘Portuguese Registries 'lose' 1 Million Weapons.’ CM Jornal (Portugal). 10 December. (N841) Full Citation
10.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
11.: João Carlos Rodrigues. 2017. ‘Portuguese Registries 'lose' 1 Million Weapons.’ CM Jornal (Portugal). 10 December. (N840) Full Citation
12.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
13.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
14.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation
15.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Homicide in Portugal.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,27 July. (Q6068)Full Citation
16.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Suicide in Portugal.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,27 July. (Q6160)Full Citation
17.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Unintentional Gun Deaths in Portugal.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,27 July. (Q6199)Full Citation
18.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Death from Undetermined Cause in Portugal.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,27 July. (Q6458)Full Citation
19.: Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation
20.: WHO.2011.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Total Firearm Death.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,15 September. (Q5684)Full Citation
21.: Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation
22.: UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ dataunodc.un.org (web site).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation
23.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Portugal.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10332)Full Citation
24.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Portugal.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6260)Full Citation
25.: UNODC.2008.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Tenth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2005-2006).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q10)Full Citation
26.: UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 - 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation
27.: UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation
28.: UNODC.2001.‘Portugal: Total Recorded Intentional Homicides (Completed) and Total Recorded Intentional Homicides Committed With a Firearm.’ Sixth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, covering the period 1995-1997.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,27 June. (Q1311)Full Citation
29.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1301)Full Citation
30.: UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation
31.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1297)Full Citation
32.: Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Portugal.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9442)Full Citation
33.: Duquet, Nils and Dennis Vanden Auweele.2021.‘Case Studies. Portugal.’ Targeting Gun Violence & Trafficking in Europe.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,13 December. (Q15514)Full Citation
34.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation
35.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation
36.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation
37.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1300)Full Citation
38.: Portugal.2020.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14589)Full Citation
39.: European Commission.2014.‘Portugal.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12325)Full Citation
40.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation
41.: Portugal.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13892)Full Citation
42.: Portugal.2020.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14592)Full Citation
43.: Portugal.2016.‘International Transfers - Record-keeping.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13091)Full Citation
44.: European Parliament.2021.‘Articles 16.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14635)Full Citation
45.: European Parliament.2021.‘Articles 17.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14636)Full Citation
46.: European Parliament.2021.‘Articles 18.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14637)Full Citation
47.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 21.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14643)Full Citation
48.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8320)Full Citation
49.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 51(2): Special Obligations of Gunsmiths (Import/Export).’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14960)Full Citation
50.: Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat.2017.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ Arms Trade Treaty Annual Report.Geneva:Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat,1 January. (Q13951)Full Citation
51.: UN Register of Conventional Arms.2018.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ UNROCA - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q13952)Full Citation
52.: International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Exported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16040)Full Citation
53.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11069)Full Citation
54.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11037)Full Citation
55.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation
56.: International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Imported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16041)Full Citation
57.: Portugal.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13894)Full Citation
58.: Portugal.2020.‘International Transfers (Smuggling).’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14593)Full Citation
59.: Portugal.2016.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13092)Full Citation
60.: Portugal.2020.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14590)Full Citation
61.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 4(4).’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14624)Full Citation
62.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8319)Full Citation
63.: Portugal.2016.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13089)Full Citation
64.: Picard, Michael, Paul Holtom and Fiona Mangan.2019.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2019.’ Trade Update 2019: Transfers, Transparency, and South-east Asia Spotlight.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,12 December. (Q14069)Full Citation
65.: Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2018.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.’ The 2018 Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. (Q13505)Full Citation
66.: Pavesi, Irene.2016.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2016.’ Trade Update 2016: Transfers and Transparency.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 June. (Q12070)Full Citation
67.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10547)Full Citation
68.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2013.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q6871)Full Citation
69.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2012.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q6869)Full Citation
70.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2011.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 July. (Q10549)Full Citation
71.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2010.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2010: Gangs, Groups and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 June. (Q10550)Full Citation
72.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2009.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2009.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,9 July. (Q10551)Full Citation
73.: Close, Helen and Chris Stevenson.2008.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2008.’ Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 July. (Q10552)Full Citation
74.: Glatz, Anne-Kathrin and Lora Lumpe.2007.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2007.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q10553)Full Citation
75.: Khakee, Anna, Pablo Dreyfus and Anne-Kathrin Glatz.2006.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10554)Full Citation
76.: Khakee, Anna.2005.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2005.’ Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 July. (Q10555)Full Citation
77.: Khakee, Anna.2004.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004.’ Small Arms Survey 2004: Rights at Risk.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10556)Full Citation
78.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
79.: Portugal.2016.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13088)Full Citation
80.: European Commission.2014.‘Law 5/2006 [Firearms Act] - Portugal.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12343)Full Citation
81.: Portugal.2006.‘Article 1: Object and Purpose.’ Law No. 5 of 23 February 2006.Lisbon:Portugal,23 February. (Q14933)Full Citation
82.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 1: Purpose of the Law.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006.Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14934)Full Citation
83.: Portugal.2020.‘Article 1: Object of the Law.’ Presidential Legal Decree No. 8/2020 of March 9th 2020.Lisbon:Portugal,9 March. (Q14930)Full Citation
84.: Portugal.2019.‘Summary (Sumário).’ Law No. 50/2019.Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14931)Full Citation
85.: Portugal.2021.‘Article 1: Object of the Law.’ Ministerial Regulation No. 4/2021 of July 26th 2021.Lisbon:Portugal,26 July. (Q14932)Full Citation
86.: European Parliament.2021.‘Preamble.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14621)Full Citation
87.: European Parliament.2021.‘Final Provisions.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14638)Full Citation
88.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8315)Full Citation
89.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
90.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
91.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 9.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14630)Full Citation
92.: European Parliament.2021.‘Annex I.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14639)Full Citation
93.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 4: Ownership of Class A Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,8 July. (Q14938)Full Citation
94.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 10.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14631)Full Citation
95.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 11.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14632)Full Citation
96.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 3(2): Class A Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14937)Full Citation
97.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 3(5): Class C Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14942)Full Citation
98.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 7(2): Ownership of Class C Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14943)Full Citation
99.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 3(6): Class D Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14944)Full Citation
100.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 8(2): Ownership of Class D Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14945)Full Citation
101.: Portugal.2019.‘Articles 3(3) & 3(4): Class B & B1 Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14939)Full Citation
102.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 5(3): Ownership of Class B Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14940)Full Citation
103.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 6(2): Ownership of Class B1 Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14941)Full Citation
104.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 5.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14626)Full Citation
105.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 6.’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14627)Full Citation
106.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 23: Medical Examinations.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14949)Full Citation
107.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 22: Refresher Courses.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14947)Full Citation
108.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 21: Training Courses.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14948)Full Citation
109.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 24: Registration and Attendance of Training Courses.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14950)Full Citation
110.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 25: Aptitude Exams.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14951)Full Citation
111.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 27: Validity of Licenses.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14952)Full Citation
112.: Portugal.2021.‘Article 48 Document Registration and Archive.’ Ministerial Regulation No. 4/2021 of July 26th 2021.Lisbon:Portugal,26 July. (Q14936)Full Citation
113.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 72: Registration of Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14964)Full Citation
114.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 32 Possession Limits.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14953)Full Citation
115.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 34: Possession and Acquisition of Ammunition for Class B and B1 Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14954)Full Citation
116.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 35(2): Possession and Acquisition of Ammunition for Class C and D Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14955)Full Citation
117.: Portugal.2010.‘Record Keeping.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4573)Full Citation
118.: Portugal.2016.‘Record-keeping.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13094)Full Citation
119.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 4(5)-(6).’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14625)Full Citation
120.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 51: Special Obligations of Gunsmiths (Records).’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14959)Full Citation
121.: Portugal.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13097)Full Citation
122.: Portugal.2010.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4571)Full Citation
123.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 52: Special Obligations of Gunsmiths (Sales).’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14961)Full Citation
124.: Portugal.2021.‘Article 43: Circulation of Weapons.’ Ministerial Regulation No. 4/2021 of July 26th 2021.Lisbon:Portugal,26 July. (Q14935)Full Citation
125.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 41. Use, Carry and Transport.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14957)Full Citation
126.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 39: General Obligations.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14956)Full Citation
127.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
128.: European Commission.2014.‘Sanctions.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12307)Full Citation
129.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 45: Prohibition of Possession and Use of Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14958)Full Citation
130.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 86: Possession of Prohibited Weapon and Crime Committed with Weapon.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14967)Full Citation
131.: Portugal.2019.‘Summary of Judgement, affecting Article 86(1) of Law No. 5/2006.’ Judgment of the Court of Appeal of Coimbra (Ac. TRC of 16-05-2012).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14968)Full Citation
132.: European Parliament.2007.‘Roll-call Vote: EU Firearms Directive.’ Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons.Brussels:VoteWatch.eu,29 November. (Q1346)Full Citation
133.: EU Parliament.2007.‘Draft Legislative Resolution on the EU Parliament Firearms Directive 2007.’ Report on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.Brussels:European Parliament,12 July. (Q1970)Full Citation
134.: Saferworld.2010.‘EU Arms Transfer Reporting Database.’ Saferworld European Union Arms Transfer Reporting Database.London:Saferworld,9 December. (Q3364)Full Citation
135.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
136.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
137.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
138.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
139.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
140.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
141.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
142.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
143.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
144.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
145.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
146.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - Transparency in the Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
147.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
148.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
149.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
150.: RTP (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal). 2013. ‘Em Cada Três Portugueses Um Possui Uma Arma Em Casa.’ 2 August. (N307) Full Citation
151.: Ana Catarina Peixoto. 2019. ‘Portugal Breaks Records in the Seizure of Weapons and Explosives in 2018.’ Observador (Portugal). 20 February. (N827) Full Citation
152.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Table 4: Collection Programs in Europe (1991-2019).’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15455)Full Citation
153.: UNODC.2020.‘Arms Seized, Found, and Surrendered, by Type.’ Illicit Arms Flows Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,7 January. (Q14056)Full Citation
154.: Portugal.2016.‘Collection.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13093)Full Citation
155.: Portugal.2014.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13096)Full Citation
156.: Portugal.2012.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,27 March. (Q13098)Full Citation
157.: European Commission.2014.‘Estimated Number of Firearms Based on Firearms Seizures.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12310)Full Citation
158.: Portugal.2020.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14591)Full Citation
159.: Portugal.2018.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13895)Full Citation
160.: Portugal.2012.‘Firearms Destroyed.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,27 March. (Q13099)Full Citation
161.: Portugal.2018.‘Surplus.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13896)Full Citation
162.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 11-B: Deactivation of Firearms.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14946)Full Citation
163.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 55: Special Obligations of Gunsmiths (Deactivation).’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14963)Full Citation
164.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 72(3): Records of Deactivated Weapons.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14965)Full Citation
165.: Portugal.2010.‘Marking.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4572)Full Citation
166.: Portugal.2016.‘International Transfers - Marking at Import.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13090)Full Citation
167.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2404)Full Citation
168.: European Commission.2014.‘Marking Requirement in National Illicit Firearms Trafficking Legislation.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12315)Full Citation
169.: Portugal.2020.‘Article 3: Technical Specifications.’ Presidential Legal Decree No. 8/2020 of March 9th 2020.Lisbon:Portugal,9 March. (Q14928)Full Citation
170.: Portugal.2020.‘Annex 1: Technical Specifications for Marking Firearms.’ Presidential Legal Decree No. 8/2020 of March 9th 2020.Lisbon:Portugal,9 March. (Q14929)Full Citation
171.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 53: Origin Markings.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14962)Full Citation
172.: Portugal.2019.‘Article 74: Single Markings.’ Law No. 5/2006 of February 23, 2006 (7th Revision).Lisbon:Portugal,24 July. (Q14966)Full Citation
173.: Portugal.2016.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Portugal on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations,1 April. (Q13095)Full Citation
174.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 4(1)-(3).’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14623)Full Citation

Search, View and Navigation

Find Gun Policy Facts

Go To ..

Portugal — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Firearms

CompareRate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

CompareRate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

CompareProportion of Adults Living in a Home With a Gun

CompareProportion of Households with Firearms

CompareProportion of Households with Handguns

CompareNumber of Licensed Firearm Owners

CompareNumber of Registered Firearms

CompareRate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

CompareEstimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

CompareEstimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareNumber of Military Firearms

CompareNumber of Law Enforcement Firearms

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

CompareTotal Number of Male Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareTotal Number of Female Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareMale Homicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareFemale Homicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareProportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

CompareMale Gun Homicide Victims

CompareRate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Gun Homicide Victims

CompareRate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareMale Suicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareFemale Suicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareMale Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareUnintentional Male Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareUnintentional Female Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

CompareRate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

CompareMale Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

CompareRate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

CompareFemale Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

CompareRate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

Compare
Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a Gun

Compare
Proportion of Households with Firearms

Compare
Proportion of Households with Handguns

Compare
Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

Compare
Number of Registered Firearms

Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

Compare
Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Compare
Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

Compare
Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)

Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

Compare
Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)

Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

Compare
Regulation of Automatic Weapons

Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

Compare
Regulation of Handguns

Compare
Law Regulates Long Guns

Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

Compare
Gun Owner Background Checks

Compare
Firearm Safety Training

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing Period

Compare
Licensing Records

Compare
Limit on Number of Guns

Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Compare
Civilian Gun Registration

Compare
Gun Dealer Record Keeping