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Pakistan — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Pakistan is

2017: 43,917,0001
2005: 18,000,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Pakistan is

2017: 20.043
2005: 10.23

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Pakistan ranked at No. 44

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Pakistan ranked at No.214

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

ChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Pakistan is reported to be

2014: 352,8435
2002: 7,000,0006

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Pakistan is

2014: 0.183
2002: 4.37

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Pakistan is reported to be

2017: 6,000,0001

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered guns per 100 people in Pakistan is

2017: 2.743

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,7 but in Pakistan there are estimated to be

2017: 37,917,0001

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Pakistan are reported to have 2,315,4808 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Pakistan are reported to have 944,0009 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 18,54210
2015: 18,205
2010: 15,549
2000: 10,182
1999: 9,33211 12
1998: 10,246
1997: 9,304
1996: 9,062

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2020: 3.8413
2019: 3.76
2018: 3.88
2017: 3.96
2016: 4.18
2015: 4.76
2014: 6.80
2013: 7.29
2012: 7.39
2011: 7.56
2010: 7.35
2009: 7.12
2008: 7.03
2007: 6.29
2006: 6.13
2005: 6.10
2004: 6.14
2003: 6.10
2002: 6.33
2001: 6.57
2000: 6.26
1999: 6.612 14
1998: 7.4
1997: 6.9
1996: 6.9

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 13,60310
2015: 13,353
2010: 11,456
2000: 7,328

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 13.1210
2015: 13.06
2010: 12.09
2000: 9.36

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 4,93910
2015: 4,852
2010: 4,093
2000: 2,855

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 5.0310
2015: 5.01
2010: 4.56
2000: 3.85

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 5,55210
2015: 5,528
2010: 5,320
2000: 4,769

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.7510
2015: 2.78
2010: 2.88
2000: 3.13

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 2,71110
2015: 2,679
2010: 2,463
2000: 2,107

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.6110
2015: 2.62
2010: 2.60
2000: 2.69

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 2,84110
2015: 2,849
2010: 2,857
2000: 2,662

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.8910
2015: 2.94
2010: 3.19
2000: 3.59

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Pakistan, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence15 16 17 18

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Pakistan was ranked 'medium'19

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Home-made Guns

In Pakistan, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high20

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Pakistan, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law21 22 23 16 24 18 25

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Pakistan is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 1,508,00026
2020: 1,813,000
2019: 11,258,000
2018: 1,702,000
2017: 1,643,000
2016: 2,126,000
2015: 7,656,000
2014: 1,168,000
2013: 1,594,000
2012: 3,867,000
2011: 2,102,000
2010: 3,051,000
2009: 3,651,000
2008: 403,000
2007: 207,000
2006: 521,000
2005: 660,000
2004: 1,168,000
2003: 719,000

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Pakistan was categorized as 'major'27 28

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Firearm Imports

In Pakistan, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law21 22 23 16 24 18

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Pakistan is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 29,794,00029
2020: 2,124,000
2019: 255,000
2018: 4,596,000
2017: 4,335,000
2016: 4,716,000
2015: 9,817,000
2014: 19,862,000
2013: 13,942,000
2012: 10,708,000
2011: 15,508,000
2010: 9,489,000
2009: 35,481,000
2008: 7,095,000
2007: 7,653,000
2006: 4,890,000
2005: 2,736,000
2004: 902,000
2003: 612,000

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Pakistan, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law30

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Pakistan include24 21 31 25 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

ChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Pakistan scored

2020: 8.75
2019: 8.0032
2018: 7.7533
2016: 8.2534
2014: 9.0035
2013: 9.0036
2012: 9.5037
2011: 9.7538
2010: 8.5039
2009: 10.0040
2008: 9.2541
2007: 9.2542
2006: 7.7543
2005: 8.7544
2004: 0.0045

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Pakistan is categorised as permissive46

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Pakistan includes the Pakistan Arms Ordinance of 1965,47 amended in 1991 and 2001, the Arms Rules of 1924, the Illicit Arms Act of 1991, the Penal Code of 1860 and the Arms Policy of 201216

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Pakistan are regulated by the Government,48 49 the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Defence Production16 and the Police23

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Pakistan, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law50 51 52

Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Pakistan, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with only narrow exceptions23 16 53

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Pakistan, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited23

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Regulation of Handguns

In Pakistan, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence23

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Pakistan, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law23

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Pakistan, only licensed gun owners54 55 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Pakistan are not required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm52

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Pakistan, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required52

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Pakistan does not stipulate52 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Pakistan, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required52 for a firearm licence

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Pakistan are permitted to possess any number of firearms52

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Pakistan are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition52

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Pakistan, the law requires56 31 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Pakistan, licensed firearm dealers are required48 23 57 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Pakistan, licensed gun makers are required15 57 31 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Pakistan, State agencies are required58 59 31 60 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Pakistan, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless registered by the magistrate of the district or a police officer61

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Pakistan, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful61 23

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Pakistan, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined52

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Pakistan, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated52 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Pakistan do not include52 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Pakistan do not include52 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Pakistan include58 60 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Pakistan include62 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

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Gun Free Zones

In Pakistan, private guns are prohibited in educational institutions, hostels or boarding and lodging houses, fairs, gatherings or processions of a political, religious, ceremonial or sectarian character, and on the premises of Courts of law or public offices63

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Pakistan, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm64 is seven years in prison65

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

The UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists66 Pakistan as an elected member

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed67 by Pakistan.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed68 by Pakistan

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed69 by Pakistan

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Pakistan committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects70

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Pakistan against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 7071 72 73 74 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Pakistan has submitted one or more national reports75 76 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Pakistan, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated76

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Pakistan, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated77

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Pakistan submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent76

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated76 by Pakistan to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Pakistan has not declared78 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Pakistan has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194779

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list80 Pakistan as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,81 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 18,54210
2015: 18,205
2010: 15,549
2000: 10,182
1999: 9,33211 12
1998: 10,246
1997: 9,304
1996: 9,062

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2020: 3.8413
2019: 3.76
2018: 3.88
2017: 3.96
2016: 4.18
2015: 4.76
2014: 6.80
2013: 7.29
2012: 7.39
2011: 7.56
2010: 7.35
2009: 7.12
2008: 7.03
2007: 6.29
2006: 6.13
2005: 6.10
2004: 6.14
2003: 6.10
2002: 6.33
2001: 6.57
2000: 6.26
1999: 6.612 14
1998: 7.4
1997: 6.9
1996: 6.9

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 13,60310
2015: 13,353
2010: 11,456
2000: 7,328

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 13.1210
2015: 13.06
2010: 12.09
2000: 9.36

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 4,93910
2015: 4,852
2010: 4,093
2000: 2,855

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Pakistan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 5.0310
2015: 5.01
2010: 4.56
2000: 3.85

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Pakistan, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in Pakistan are known to have82 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Pakistan, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 89,00082 (2010)

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Exchanged in Gun Buyback

In Pakistan, the total number of firearms exchanged for monetary or in-kind compensation during recent gun buyback and disposal programmes is reported to be 20,00082 (2010)

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Pakistan, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2014: 9,65283
2011: 123,78784 15

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Pakistan, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 641,10782

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Pakistan, it is not state policy58 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Pakistan, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law85 31 59 86 23

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Firearm Tracing

In Pakistan, state authorities carry out87 59 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Pakistan, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally52 recorded in a register

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Pakistan ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Pakistan on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Pakistan.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,28 October. (Q4277)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation

5.

Pakistan.2014.‘Gun Numbers.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,18 June. (Q13113)Full Citation

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Batchelor, Peter.2003.‘Workshops and Factories: Products and Producers.’ Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q2983)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2016.‘Relevant Laws.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13106)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2010.‘Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Framework.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 June. (Q2389)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2010.‘Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Framework.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 June. (Q2387)Full Citation

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Batchelor, Peter.2003.‘Workshops and Factories: Products and Producers.’ Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q2982)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2012.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13115)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2012.‘International Transfers - Record-keeping.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13117)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2012.‘Marking.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13121)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2016.‘Inter-agency Coordination for Imports and Exports.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13107)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2010.‘Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Framework.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 June. (Q2388)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2012.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13118)Full Citation

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Pakistan.2010.‘Marking and Record Keeping Requirements.’ National Report of Pakistan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nations,1 June. (Q2392)Full Citation

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