Regions Oceania Australia & New Zealand New Zealand

New Zealand — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in New Zealand is 1,200,0001 2 3 to 1,500,0004
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in New Zealand is 26.405 1 2 3 to 33.004
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesIn New Zealand, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 460,000.6 In the absence of registration for most rifles, only an approximation is possible
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsIn New Zealand, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 300,000.6 In the absence of registration for most shotguns, only an approximation is possible
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsChartIn New Zealand, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

2019: 40,3877
2018: 41,2638
2017: 40,6059
2010: 36,00010
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, New Zealand ranked at No. 5311
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, New Zealand ranked at No.1811
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn New Zealand, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2005: 16.6%12
1994: 24.4%12
1992: 22.3%13
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Proportion of Households with RiflesIn New Zealand, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

1992: 18.2%13
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Proportion of Households with ShotgunsIn New Zealand, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

1992: 14.0%13
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn New Zealand, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

2005: 0.6%12
1994: 1.6%12 13
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersChartThe number of licensed gun owners in New Zealand is reported to be 

2019: 244,4257
2018: 248,76414
2017: 238,70015
2016: 250,00016
2015: 242,05617
2013: 237,68418
2010: 223,00010
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in New Zealand is 

2019: 5.345
2018: 5.47
2017: 5.29
2016: 5.59
2015: 5.68
2013: 5.45
2010: 5.24
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in New Zealand is reported to be 

2019: 59,8737
2018: 66,0858
2017: 60,0319
2010: 43,800 10
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in New Zealand is 

2019: 1.235
2018: 1.38
2017: 1.28
2010: 1.03
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,19 but in New Zealand there are estimated to be 1,200,0001 2 3 to 1,500,0004
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of New Zealand are reported to have 38,28020 firearms
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Routine Arming of PoliceIn New Zealand, police officers on routine patrol do not carry a firearm21 22 23
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in New Zealand are reported to have 13,00024 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

5025
58
50
61
53
45
5126 27
7126
56
55
58
55
48
55
60
60
52
54
84
70
66
80
92
92
122
106
108
90
140 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

1.2428
1.18
1.4025
1.22
1.05
1.20
1.69
1.34
1.33
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.40
1.50
1.50
1.30
1.40
2.20
1.90
1.80
2.20
2.50
2.60
3.50
3.00
3.10
2.60
4.10
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn New Zealand, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

4825
53
44
57
50
39
46
67
50
49
49
50
45
49
58
46
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

1.135
1.04
2.6225
2.32
1.83
2.17
3.20
2.41
2.38
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn New Zealand, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

225
5
6
4
3
6
5
4
6
6
9
5
3
6
2
6
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.115
0.14
0.1825
0.14
0.28
0.23
0.19
0.29
0.29
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual homicides by any means total 

7329
5030
5831
64
62
64
68
61
77
94
70
68
66
72
49
58
70
53
56
5132 33 34
57
69
69
47
7032 34
5132
82
66
78
72
58 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.61 5
1.11
1.30
1.44
1.41
1.47
1.57
1.42
1.81
2.23
1.68
1.65
1.60
1.70
1.20
1.40
1.80
1.40
1.50
1.3032 35 33
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.9032
1.40
2.30
1.90
2.30
2.10
1.70
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual male homicides by any means total 

4829
3330
3131
42
41
50
36
40
43
63
42
38
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.12
1.475
0.69
0.95
0.93
1.15
0.83
0.93
1.01
1.50
1.01
0.92
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual female homicides by any means total 

2529
1730
2731
22
21
1425
32
21
33
31
28
30
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.09
0.755
0.60
0.50
0.48
0.32
0.74
0.49
0.78
0.74
0.67
0.73
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual firearm homicides total 

1229
1130
931
9
6
10
4
3
8
1236 37 38
736 37 33 38
5
8
8
636 38
6
936 33 38
7
8
6
4
11
9
8
1736 38
636
15
11
24
18
18 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.265
0.24
0.20
0.20
0.14
0.23
0.09
0.07
0.19
0.28
0.17
0.12
0.20
0.20
0.1036
0.10
0.2036 33
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.5036
0.20
0.40
0.30
0.70
0.50
0.50
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn New Zealand, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

16%31
14%
10%
16%
7%37
8%
16%37 39
16%37
14%
13%
18%
15%
16.7%33
11.8%
13.5%
10.0%
7.5%
19.7%
16.4%
22.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn New Zealand, annual male firearm homicides total 

640
4
8
225
0
5
8
4
3
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.145
0.09
0.3041
0.09
0
0.24
0.38
0.19
0.15
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn New Zealand, annual female firearm homicides total 

240
3
2
125
4
2
4
3
2
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.055
0.07
0.0925
0.05
0.19
0.09
0.19
0.14
0.10
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual suicides by any means total 

52540
510
51325
54925
493
535
512
520
493
527
515
495
521
467
508
458
515
577
561
540
543
512
443
493
474
455
465
484 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

11.835
11.59
11.7525
12.69
11.49
12.58
12.15
12.46
11.93
12.60
12.50
12.10
12.90
11.80
13.10
11.90
13.40
15.10
14.80
14.50
14.80
14.10
12.40
14.00
13.60
13.20
13.60
14.30
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual male suicides by any means total 

38340
380
36625
40425
377
387
394
381
375
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

8.635
8.63
16.8525
18.76
17.66
18.29
18.79
18.35
18.25
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual female suicides by any means total 

14240
130
14725
14525
116
148
118
139
118
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

3.205
2.95
6.7025
6.67
5.38
6.93
5.57
6.63
5.68
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Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual firearm suicides total 

3425
4140
41
48
4725
3642
4243 42 27
5343 42
43
48
48
44
39
41
49
51
36
46
72
56
4743
64
71
73
91
84
72
64
102 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.7725
0.93
0.94
1.11
1.10
0.85
1
1.27
1.04
1.17
1.19
1.10
0.98
1.05
1.20
1.33
0.95
1.20
1.90
1.50
1.30
1.70
2.00
2.00
2.60
2.40
2.10
1.90
3.00
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn New Zealand, annual male firearm suicides total 

3425
3840
38
46
4525
34
40
53
41
44
42
42
37
37
50
34
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.865
0.89
2.1225
2.09
1.59
1.89
2.53
1.97
2.14
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn New Zealand, annual female firearm suicides total 

340
3
2
225
2
2
2
4
6
2
2
4
1
2
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.075
0.07
0.0925
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.19
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Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

325
640
2
0
3
3
244 27
4
5
1
2
1
2
7
2
2
4
1
6 45
0
6
4
4
3
10
8
8
6
18 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0725
0.14
0.05

0.07
0.07
0.05
0.09
0.12
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.18
0.055
0.05
0.11
0.03
0.2044
0.005
0.2044
0.115
0.11
0.08
0.3044
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.50
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn New Zealand, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

325
640
2
0
325
3
1
4
5
1
2
1
2
7
2
3
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.1325
0.27
0.09
0.14
0.14
0.05
0.19
0.24
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.36
0.11
0.16
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn New Zealand, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

040
0
0
025
0
1
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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0525
0.05
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

225
040
1
1
025
0
046
2
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
4
1
2
3
4
4
0
10
6
3
4
2
2 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

025
0
0
0.04
0
0.02
0.02
0
0
0.005
0
0
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.346
0.2
0.095
0.12
0.06
0.06
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn New Zealand, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

225
040
1
1
025
0
0
1
1
4
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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0925
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.21
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn New Zealand, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

040
0
0
025
0
0
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

225
2
2
1
1 
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0525
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.02
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Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn New Zealand, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

225
2
2
1
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Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0925
0.09
0.10
0.05
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Female Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesIn New Zealand, annual female legal-intervention gun homicides total 

125
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Rate of Female Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0525
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Non-fatal Gun InjuriesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn New Zealand, the annual number of non-fatal firearm injuries is 

5947
61
80
77
92
69
77
60
62
88
65
59
54
45
51
59
64
56
60
70
72
91
92
89
97 
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Rate of Non-fatal Gun Injury per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of non-fatal firearm injury per 100,000 population is 

1.3047
1.40
1.80
1.80
2.20
1.60
1.80
1.50
1.50
2.20
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.20
1.30
1.60
1.70
1.50
1.70
2.00
2.00
2.60
2.70
2.60
2.90

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn New Zealand, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence48 49
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, New Zealand was ranked 'small'50 49

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn New Zealand, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law51 52 53 54 55
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Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from New Zealand is reported by manufacturers to be 

2,89756
1,413
1,577
1,10057
1,365
1,430
2058
82
59
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from New Zealand is reported by Customs to be US$

4,484,00059
2,540,000
3,237,000
3,340,000
3,056,000
6,930,000
3,265,000
4,173,000
3,417,000
4,431,000
3,754,000
2,406,000
1,433,000
2,456,000
3,203,000
670,000
697,000
714,000
466,000
262,000
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, New Zealand was categorized as 'minor'60
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Firearm ImportsIn New Zealand, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law61 62 63 64 51 53 54 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
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Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to New Zealand is reported to be 

27,30456
11,280
52,62773
44,663
43,312
60,353
55,909
11858
323
348
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to New Zealand is reported by Customs to be US$

35,168,00074
37,768,000
37,784,000
29,877,000
38,577,000
28,026,000
28,396,000
31,754,000
29,133,000
33,333,000
31,430,000
25,919,000
17,112,000
21,120,000
18,475,000
16,128,000
15,424,000
11,292,000
9,538,000
9,583,000
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in New Zealand is low75 76 77 78
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn New Zealand, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law79
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in New Zealand include53 52 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in New Zealand is categorised as restrictive80
Firearm LawChartGuiding gun control legislation in New Zealand includes the 

Arms Legislation Act 202081: 
Arms Act 198382 83 the Arms Amendment Act 199284 the Arms Regulations 199285 the Arms (Military Style Semi-automatic Firearms) Order 201986 and the Customs Export Prohibition Order52:  
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in New Zealand are regulated by the Commissioner of Police87 88
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn New Zealand, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law89 90 91 92 93
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn New Zealand, civilians are not allowed to possess handguns, military-style semi-automatic weapons or fully automatic firearms without a permit to purchase and a relevant firearm licence endorsement94 95 96 97 98 99 100
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn New Zealand, private possession of fully automatic weapons is restricted to police-approved licensed gun owners with a ‘collector' licence endorsement.94 96 97 39 Each automatic or restricted weapon must be registered to its owner, and disabled when not in use101
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn New Zealand, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is restricted to police-approved licensed gun owners with a Military-Style Semi Automatic (MSSA) licence endorsement.102 95 94 97 98 99 Each MSSA must be registered to its owner and securely stored when not in use101
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Regulation of HandgunsIn New Zealand, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is restricted to police-approved licensed gun owners with a ‘pistol’ licence endorsement.96 95 94 103 98 99 39 Each handgun must be registered to its owner and securely stored101
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn New Zealand,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law39
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn New Zealand, only licensed gun owners98 104 94 105 106 107 99 96 39 108 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in New Zealand are not legally required to establish a genuine reason to possess a standard hunting or sports shooting firearm, but specific reasoning is required for special licence endorsements for pistols, restricted firearms, and Military Style Semi-Automatic weapons, including sports shooting, hunting, and collection.106 100 109 Owning a firearm for self-defence is specifically excluded, and prohibited92
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in New Zealand is 16 years,94 110 104 18 years for military style semi-automatic firearms,102 or any age while shooting an unrestricted firearm (shotgun, rifle, or airgun) under the immediate supervision of an appropriately qualified licence holder111
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in New Zealand must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, medical, addiction and domestic violence112 113 114 98 99 115 39 108 109 116 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn New Zealand, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required112 98 99 117 118
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Partner to be Advised or InterviewedIn New Zealand, licensing authorities are required112 98 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in New Zealand stipulates113 119 109 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn New Zealand, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required120 121 122 for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn New Zealand, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every ten years123 124
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Licensing RecordsIn New Zealand, authorities maintain a record99 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in New Zealand are permitted to possess any number of sporting type shotguns or rifles125
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in New Zealand are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition126 127 128 129 130
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn New Zealand, the law does not require (except for handguns, military-style semi-automatic and restricted firearms)131 98 99 132 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn New Zealand, licensed firearm dealers are required133 134 135 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn New Zealand, licensed gun makers are required48 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn New Zealand, State agencies are required136 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn New Zealand, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a valid firearms licence137 138
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn New Zealand, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful139 140 106 130
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Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in New Zealand is obliged138 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in New Zealand is obliged138 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn New Zealand, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one pistol, military style semi-automatic firearm, or restricted firearm per acquisition permit95 141 130
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn New Zealand, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined126 127 128
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn New Zealand, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated142 143 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in New Zealand include112 101 98 99 144 145 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in New Zealand include146 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in New Zealand include136  written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in New Zealand include147 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn New Zealand, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited148 149 150 39
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn New Zealand, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited149 150 148 39
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn New Zealand, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm151 is three months to three years in prison and/or a fine94 152 104

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Pacific Islands ForumAs a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, New Zealand adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arm-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum153 154
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006155 by New Zealand.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified156 by New Zealand
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed157 by New Zealand
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, New Zealand committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects158
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored New Zealand against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 83159 160 161 162 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, New Zealand has submitted one or more national reports163 164 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn New Zealand, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated164
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn New Zealand, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated165
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of New Zealand submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent165 164
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated166 167 168 164 by New Zealand to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, New Zealand has declared169 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, New Zealand has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945170
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists171 New Zealand as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,172 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual homicides by any means total 

7329
5030
5831
64
62
64
68
61
77
94
70
68
66
72
49
58
70
53
56
5132 33 34
57
69
69
47
7032 34
5132
82
66
78
72
58 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.61 5
1.11
1.30
1.44
1.41
1.47
1.57
1.42
1.81
2.23
1.68
1.65
1.60
1.70
1.20
1.40
1.80
1.40
1.50
1.3032 35 33
1.50
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.9032
1.40
2.30
1.90
2.30
2.10
1.70
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual male homicides by any means total 

4829
3330
3131
42
41
50
36
40
43
63
42
38
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.12
1.475
0.69
0.95
0.93
1.15
0.83
0.93
1.01
1.50
1.01
0.92
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, annual female homicides by any means total 

2529
1730
2731
22
21
1425
32
21
33
31
28
30
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.09
0.755
0.60
0.50
0.48
0.32
0.74
0.49
0.78
0.74
0.67
0.73
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Gun HomicidesChartIn New Zealand, annual firearm homicides total 

1229
1130
931
9
6
10
4
3
8
1236 37 38
736 37 33 38
5
8
8
636 38
6
936 33 38
7
8
6
4
11
9
8
1736 38
636
15
11
24
18
18 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.265
0.24
0.20
0.20
0.14
0.23
0.09
0.07
0.19
0.28
0.17
0.12
0.20
0.20
0.1036
0.10
0.2036 33
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.5036
0.20
0.40
0.30
0.70
0.50
0.50
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn New Zealand, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

16%31
14%
10%
16%
7%37
8%
16%37 39
16%37
14%
13%
18%
15%
16.7%33
11.8%
13.5%
10.0%
7.5%
19.7%
16.4%
22.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn New Zealand, annual male firearm homicides total 

640
4
8
225
0
5
8
4
3
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.145
0.09
0.3041
0.09
0
0.24
0.38
0.19
0.15
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn New Zealand, annual female firearm homicides total 

240
3
2
125
4
2
4
3
2
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.055
0.07
0.0925
0.05
0.19
0.09
0.19
0.14
0.10
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in New Zealand, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Disarmament
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn New Zealand, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

1,862{815}
1,88181
1,726173 7
1,588
1,273
1,377
1,251
1,178174
1,855
1,720
1,742
801
619
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Small Arms DestroyedIn New Zealand, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

3,500175
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn New Zealand, it is state policy176 177 122 178 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
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Firearm MarkingIn New Zealand, a unique identifying mark on each firearm only in the handgun, military-style semi-automatic and restricted weapon categories, is required by law179 180 48 49 181 182 183 164 184 185
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Firearm TracingIn New Zealand, state authorities carry out186  recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
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Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn New Zealand, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally126 127 128 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where New Zealand ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on New Zealand on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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85.: New Zealand.1992.‘Title and Commencement.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3024)Full Citation
86.: New Zealand.2019.‘Certain Semi-automatic Firearms Declared to be Military Style Semiautomatic Firearms.’ Arms (Military Style Semi-automatic Firearms) Order 2019.Wellington:Government of New Zealand,21 March. (Q13753)Full Citation
87.: New Zealand.2008.‘Delegation of Powers by Commissioner.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3022)Full Citation
88.: TVNZ. 2010. ‘Broad Vows to Give Police Greater Gun Access.’ Television New Zealand News. 13 December. (N205) Full Citation
89.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
90.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
91.: NZ Police.2002.‘Firearms Licences: Introduction.’ Arms Manual.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 November. (Q1182)Full Citation
92.: New Zealand.2004.‘Firearms for Self Defence.’ The Arms Code.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 January. (Q3274)Full Citation
93.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 35AAA.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14740)Full Citation
94.: New Zealand.2008.‘Restrictions on Possession of Firearms.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1876)Full Citation
95.: New Zealand.2008.‘Issue of Permit to Procure Pistol, Military Style Semi-automatic Firearm, or Restricted Weapon.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1165)Full Citation
96.: New Zealand.2008.‘Application for Endorsements in Respect of Pistol or Restricted Weapon.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1169)Full Citation
97.: Green, Joe.2006.‘The New Zealand Arms Control Regime.’ Presentation to the International Firearms Safety Seminar.Christchurch:New Zealand Police,23 February. (Q3012)Full Citation
98.: New Zealand.2007.‘Questionnaire on the Implementation of the Programme of Action.’ United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 April. (Q3013)Full Citation
99.: Green, Joe.2006.‘The New Zealand Arms Control Regime.’ Presentation to the International Firearms Safety Seminar.Christchurch:New Zealand Police,23 February. (Q3014)Full Citation
100.: New Zealand.1992.‘Conditions of Endorsements in Respect of Pistols and Restricted Weapons.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3033)Full Citation
101.: New Zealand.2008.‘Conditions of Endorsements.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3011)Full Citation
102.: New Zealand.2008.‘Application for Endorsement in Respect of Military style Semi-automatic Firearm.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1168)Full Citation
103.: Macedonia.2005.‘Article 5.’ Draft Law on Weapons.Skopje:Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia,8 February. (Q3102)Full Citation
104.: New Zealand.2008.‘Restrictions on Possession of Firearms.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1154)Full Citation
105.: New Zealand.2008.‘Restrictions on Possession of Airguns.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1171)Full Citation
106.: New Zealand.2002.‘Licence Types.’ Arms Manual.Wellington:NZ Police,1 November. (Q1183)Full Citation
107.: New Zealand.2010.‘Important Information for People Who Own Pre-Charged Pneumatic Air Rifles.’ New Zealand Police.Wellington:New Zealand Police Headquarters,13 October. (Q2930)Full Citation
108.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 22H.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14749)Full Citation
109.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 24A.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14752)Full Citation
110.: New Zealand.2008.‘Application for Firearms Licence.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3019)Full Citation
111.: NZ Police.2007.‘Immediate Supervision.’ Arms Code.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 January. (Q1180)Full Citation
112.: New Zealand.2007.‘How to Apply for a Firearms Licence.’ Arms Code.Wellington:NZ Police,1 January. (Q1177)Full Citation
113.: New Zealand.2008.‘Domestic Violence and Firearms Licences.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1175)Full Citation
114.: New Zealand.2008.‘Issue of Firearms Licence.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1176)Full Citation
115.: NZ Police.2002.‘Health of Applicants.’ Arms Manual.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 November. (Q1174)Full Citation
116.: Finland.1998.‘Section 45 Conditions for Natural Persons as Holders of Firearms Licences (Aseluvansaajaa koskevat edellytykset luonnolliselle henkilölle).’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up 1249/2020 included).Helsinki:Minister of the Interior,1 March. (Q15135)Full Citation
117.: New Zealand.1992.‘Supply of particulars for Firearms Licence.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3032)Full Citation
118.: New Zealand.2002.‘Referees.’ Arms Manual.Wellington:NZ Police,1 November. (Q1181)Full Citation
119.: New Zealand.2008.‘Search of Suspected Persons and Seizure of Firearms in Cases of Domestic Violence.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3016)Full Citation
120.: New Zealand.1992.‘Applicants to Undergo Theoretical Test.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3031)Full Citation
121.: New Zealand.2008.‘Regulations - Safety Training.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1159)Full Citation
122.: New Zealand.2010.‘Implementation of the Programme of Action - Surplus Destruction.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 February. (Q1883)Full Citation
123.: New Zealand.2008.‘Duration of Firearms Licence.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1178)Full Citation
124.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5443)Full Citation
125.: NZ Police.2007.‘Firearms Licence.’ Arms Code.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 January. (Q1170)Full Citation
126.: New Zealand.2008.‘Title, Short Title and Commencement.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q4152)Full Citation
127.: New Zealand.1992.‘Short Title and Commencement.’ Arms Amendment Act 1992 Public Act 1992 No 95.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,27 October. (Q4153)Full Citation
128.: New Zealand.1992.‘Title and Commencement.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q4154)Full Citation
129.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 22B.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14746)Full Citation
130.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 22D.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14748)Full Citation
131.: New Zealand.2010.‘Implementation of International Tracing Instrument - Record Keeping.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 February. (Q1884)Full Citation
132.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5381)Full Citation
133.: New Zealand.2008.‘Record of Dealings by Licensed Dealers.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1146)Full Citation
134.: New Zealand.1992.‘Records Kept by Licensed Dealers.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3026)Full Citation
135.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 22E.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14747)Full Citation
136.: New Zealand.2012.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12263)Full Citation
137.: New Zealand.2008.‘Dealers and Their Employees and Agents to Hold Firearms Licences.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3020)Full Citation
138.: New Zealand.2008.‘Mail Order Sale of Firearm or Ammunition.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1157)Full Citation
139.: New Zealand.2008.‘Dealers to be Licensed.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q2290)Full Citation
140.: New Zealand.2008.‘Duration of Dealer's Licence.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1147)Full Citation
141.: New Zealand.1992.‘Application for Permit to Procure Pistol, Military Style Semi-Automatic Firearm, or Restricted Weapon.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3034)Full Citation
142.: New Zealand.2008.‘Gun Shows.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3021)Full Citation
143.: New Zealand.1992.‘Application in Relation to Gun Show.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3025)Full Citation
144.: New Zealand.1992.‘Security Precautions in Relation to Pistols, Military Style Semi-Automatic Firearms, and Restricted Weapons.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3036)Full Citation
145.: NZ Police.2007.‘Arms Regulations Minimum Storage Standards.’ Arms Code.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 January. (Q1161)Full Citation
146.: New Zealand.1992.‘Conditions Relating to Security Precautions.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3027)Full Citation
147.: NZ Police.2002.‘Transporting Firearms and Ammunition.’ Arms Manual.Wellington:New Zealand Police,1 November. (Q1162)Full Citation
148.: New Zealand.2008.‘Offence to Carry Pistol or Restricted Weapon Without Authority.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1163)Full Citation
149.: New Zealand.2008.‘Unlawful Carriage or Possession in Public Place of Firearm, Airgun, Pistol, Ammunition, Explosive, or Restricted Weapon.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q3017)Full Citation
150.: New Zealand.2008.‘Carrying or Possession of Firearms, Airguns, Pistols, Restricted Weapons, or Explosives, Except for Lawful, Proper, and Sufficient Purpose.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1153)Full Citation
151.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
152.: New Zealand.2008.‘Unlawful Possession of Pistol, Military Style Semi-automatic Firearm, or Restricted Weapon.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1152)Full Citation
153.: SPCPC/OCO.2000.‘Towards a Common Approach to Weapons Control: The 'Nadi Framework'.’ South Pacific Chiefs of Police Conference (SPCPC) and Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO).Nadi, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat,10 March. (Q576)Full Citation
154.: Baker, Jean.2000.‘Weapons Control Bill: Explanatory Notes.’ Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat.Suva, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,10 March. (Q577)Full Citation
155.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
156.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
157.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
158.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
159.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
160.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
161.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
162.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
163.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
164.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
165.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
166.: New Zealand.2007.‘International Co-operation and Capacity Building.’ Statement of New Zealand to the United Nations Biennial Meeting of States on small arms.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,14 July. (Q587)Full Citation
167.: New Zealand.2010.‘Implementation of the Programme of Action - DDR Programmes.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 February. (Q1881)Full Citation
168.: Maze, Kerry and Yvette Issar.2009.‘Case Study of the South Pacific: Tonga: Stockpile Management and Security.’ International Assistance for Implementing the UN Programme of Action on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).Geneva:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research / UNIDIR,17 November. (Q1885)Full Citation
169.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - Transparency in the Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
170.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
171.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
172.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
173.: McIlraith, Mike.2019.‘Police Data on Firearm Thefts and Seizures.’ Official Information Act Disclosure IR-01-19-1195.Wellington:New Zealand Police,18 March. (Q14041)Full Citation
174.: Scahill, Chris.2018.‘The Number of Firearms Seized by Police Every Year Since 2008 in New Zealand, Including 2018 to September, Broken Down by Year, and by Firearm Type.’ Official Information Act Disclosure IR-01-18-12368.Wellington:New Zealand Police,29 November. (Q13752)Full Citation
175.: New Zealand.2016.‘Destruction.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,9 June. (Q12309)Full Citation
176.: New Zealand.2008.‘Authorising Disposal of Firearms, etc., Detained by Police.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q2294)Full Citation
177.: New Zealand.2012.‘Stockpile Management - Surplus.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12264)Full Citation
178.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 13.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14770)Full Citation
179.: New Zealand.1992.‘Identification Numbers.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3029)Full Citation
180.: New Zealand.1992.‘Identification Numbers.’ Arms Regulations 1992 (SR 1992/346) [as at 1 January 2010].Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,11 December. (Q3035)Full Citation
181.: New Zealand.2012.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12261)Full Citation
182.: New Zealand.2012.‘Marking.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12267)Full Citation
183.: New Zealand.2008.‘Regulations - Marking.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1156)Full Citation
184.: New Zealand.2021.‘Section 41A.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14768)Full Citation
185.: New Zealand.2021.‘Sections 55F & 55G.’ Arms Act 1983: September 2021 Reprint.Wellington:New Zealand,26 September. (Q14769)Full Citation
186.: New Zealand.2012.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12265)Full Citation

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