Malta — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Malta is 

2017: 119,0001
2007: 48,0002
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Malta is 

2017: 28.301
2007: 11.92
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesIn Malta, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 1,3723
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsIn Malta, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 33,4003
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsIn Malta, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 14,6783
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Malta ranked at No. 1564
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Malta ranked at No. 552
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Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a GunIn Malta, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be 

2015: 5%5
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Malta is reported to be 27,0003
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Malta is  6.966
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Malta is reported to be 

2017: 96,4251
1999: 49,4503
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Malta is 12.756
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,7 but in Malta there are estimated to be 

2017: 22,5751
Government Guns
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Malta are reported to have 5,5478 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Malta are reported to have 1,6379 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Malta, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

510
711 12
5
612 13 14
212
915
616 12
711 12
9
417 12 13
117 12
711 12
212
211 12
5
811 12 13
1011 12 13 18
411 12 13
112
711 12 19
511 12 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

1.1510
1.63
1.17
1.42
0.48
2.16
1.45
1.70
2.20
1.00
0.25
1.76
0.51
0.51
1.28
2.05
2.58
1.04
0.26
1.84
1.33
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Malta, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

410
710
5
6
2
8
5
6
9
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

1.8410
3.25
2.35
2.85
0.96
3.85
2.42
2.92
4.42
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Malta, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

110
010
0
0
0
1
1
1
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.4610
0.48
0.48
0.48
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn Malta, annual homicides by any means total 

310
4
6
6
2
4
3
5
3
020 17
4
720 21
0
620 22
620 16
4
1016
5 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Malta, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.6910
0.93
1.41
1.42
0.48
0.96
0.72
1.21
0.73
0.020 17
1.0
1.720 21
0.0
1.520 22
1.5
1.020 16
2.516
1.3
0.6
1.1
0.9
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Malta, annual male homicides by any means total 

223
4
6
4
0
3
1
4
3
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Malta, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.9210
1.86
2.82
1.90
0
1.44
0.48
1.95
1.47
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Malta, annual female homicides by any means total 

110
1
0
2
2
1
2
1
1
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Malta, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.4610
0.47
0
0.94
0.95
0.48
0.96
0.48
0.48
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Gun HomicidesChartIn Malta, annual firearm homicides total 

210
311
3
0
0
211 20
020 16
511 20 16
2
020 16 17
1
411 16
111
2
2
6
2
2
3 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4610
0.70
0.70
0
0.006
0.48
0.006 16
1.21
0.49
0.006 16 17
0.00
1.011 16
0.2511
0.51
0.52
0.58
0.53
0.54
0.81
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Malta, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

42%20
0%
50%
0%
83%
50%
0%
25%
57.1%16
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Malta, annual male firearm homicides total 

210
3
3
0
0
1
4
2
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.9210
1.39
1.41
0.48
1.95
0.98
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Malta, annual female firearm homicides total 

010
0
0
0
0
1
1
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4810
0.48
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Handgun HomicidesChartIn Malta, annual handgun homicides total 

211
1
2
1
1 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4711
0.24
0.50
0.25
0.27
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Long Gun HomicidesChartIn Malta, annual long gun homicides total 

111
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2311
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.49
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.53
0.27
0.54
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Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn Malta, annual gun homicides (other) total 

211
1
3
1
1
2
5
1 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.4711
0.24
0.73
0.25
0.25
0.52
1.32
0.27
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Suicides (any method)ChartIn Malta, annual suicides by any means total 

3410
3210
22
25
20
31
35
14
26
1518 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Malta, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

7.8210
7.44
5.16
5.92
4.77
7.43
8.43
3.40
6.35
3.8118
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Malta, annual male suicides by any means total 

2710
2710
21
19
20
29
32
12
25
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Malta, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

12.4010
12.55
9.88
9.04
9.59
13.96
15.47
5.85
12.28
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Malta, annual female suicides by any means total 

710
510
1
6
0
2
3
2
1
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Malta, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

3.2310
2.33
0.47
2.83
0.96
1.44
0.97
0.49
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Gun SuicidesChartIn Malta, annual firearm suicides total 

310
412
2
112 14
212
7
6
2
6
3
1
3
2
1
3
5
3
1
1
2
2 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.6910
0.93
0.47
0.24
0.48
1.68
1.45
0.49
1.47
0.74
0.25
0.75
0.5
0.25
0.76
1.3
0.79
0.26
0.27
0.54
0.54
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Malta, annual male firearm suicides total 

210
410
2
1
2
7
5
2
6
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.9210
1.86
0.94
0.48
0.96
3.37
2.42
0.97
2.95
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Malta, annual female firearm suicides total 

110
010
0
0
0
0
1
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4610
0.48
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Handgun SuicidesChartIn Malta, annual handgun suicides total 

212
1 
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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4812
0.25
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Long Gun SuicidesChartIn Malta, the number of long gun suicides is 

112
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 
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Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2412
0.48
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
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Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn Malta, annual gun suicides (other) total 

412
1
1
5
6
2
6
3
1
2
2
1
1
4
2
1
1 
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Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.9412
0.24
0.24
1.21
1.45
0.49
1.48
0.74
0.25
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.25
1.04
0.53
0.27
0.27
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Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Malta, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

010
0
513 14
0
0
113
1
1
1 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

010
0
1.1810
0
0
0.2513
0.26
0.26
0.26
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Malta, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

010
0
5
0
0
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Malta, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

2.3810
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Malta, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

010
0
0
0
0
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Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn Malta, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

513
1
1
1
1 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

1.1913
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Malta, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

010
0
0
0
0
018
319 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Malta, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0018
0.8019
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Malta, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

010
0
0
0
0
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Malta, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

010
0
0
0
0
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Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseIn Malta, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

119
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Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleIn Malta, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.2719
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Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseIn Malta, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

219
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Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleIn Malta, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.5419
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesIn Malta, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

110
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn Malta, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2410
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Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesIn Malta, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

110
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Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn Malta, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4910

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Malta, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited24 25 
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Home-made GunsIn Malta, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low26

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Malta, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law27 28 29 30 31 32 33
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Firearm Exports (Number)The annual number of firearms exported from Malta is reported by manufacturers to be 

2017: 15134
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Malta is reported by Customs to be US$4,565,66935 (2011)
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Firearm ImportsIn Malta, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law27 28 29 30 31 32
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Firearm Imports (Number)The annual number of firearms imported to Malta is reported to be 

2017: 9,23634
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Malta is reported by Customs to be US$1,703,40735 (2011)
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Malta is low3
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Malta, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law28 36 37

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Malta is categorised as restrictive38
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Malta includes the Arms Ordinance Chapter 66 of the Laws of Malta,3 the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons,39 40 the European Union Firearms Regulation of 2012 and the Common Position on the Control of Arms Brokering of 200341
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Malta are regulated by the European Commission40
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Malta, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law42 43
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Malta, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, firearms disguised as other objects, and armour-piercing, incendiary and expanding ammunition44 45
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Malta, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited44 45
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Malta, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted only with special authorisation46 47 45
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Malta, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted only with special authorisation, for shooting and collection only44 46 47 45
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Malta, only licensed gun owners48 44 46 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Malta are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, collection49
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Malta is 18 years49
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Malta must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health and domestic violence49 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Malta, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required3
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Malta does not stipulate3 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn Malta, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required3 for a firearm licence
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Malta are permitted to possess only ammunition suitable for the intended firearm50
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Malta, the law requires51 52 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Malta, licensed firearm dealers are required53 52 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Malta, State agencies are required54 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Malta, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful55 47
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Malta include3 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Malta include3 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn Malta, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law24 25 56
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Firearm TracingIn Malta, state authorities carry out57 56 52 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
European UnionAs a member of the European Union, Malta is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament58 59
European Union Export ReportingUnder the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Malta is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Malta has yet to submit a national report60 on its arms transfers
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed61 by Malta.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified62 by Malta
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed63 by Malta
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Malta committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects64
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Malta against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 10565 66 67 68 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Malta has submitted one or more national reports69 70 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Malta, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated71 70
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Malta, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated71 70
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Malta submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent70
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated70 by Malta to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Malta has not declared72 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Malta has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196473
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists74 Malta as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Malta, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
3.: United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation
4.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation
5.: Directorate-General for Home Affairs.2015.‘Firearms Ownership - Firearms in the EU.’ Flash Eurobarometer 383: Firearms in the European Union.Brussels:European Commission,19 January. (Q13506)Full Citation
6.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Malta.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,1 August. (Q4262)Full Citation
7.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
8.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
9.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
10.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation
11.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Homicide in Malta.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,7 July. (Q6089)Full Citation
12.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Suicide in Malta.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,7 July. (Q6156)Full Citation
13.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Unintentional Gun Deaths in Malta.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,7 July. (Q6195)Full Citation
14.: Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation
15.: WHO.2011.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Total Firearm Death.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,15 September. (Q5684)Full Citation
16.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Malta.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6256)Full Citation
17.: UNODC.2008.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Tenth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2005-2006).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q10)Full Citation
18.: Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation
19.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Death from Undetermined Cause in Malta.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,7 July. (Q6455)Full Citation
20.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Malta.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10330)Full Citation
21.: UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 - 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation
22.: UNODC.2005.‘Recorded Homicide and Firearm Homicide in 53 Countries, Completed or Attempted.’ Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001-2002).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,15 April. (Q1077)Full Citation
23.: UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation
24.: Malta.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13933)Full Citation
25.: Malta.2010.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4563)Full Citation
26.: Malta.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13934)Full Citation
27.: Malta.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13935)Full Citation
28.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation
29.: European Council.1991.‘Article 11.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2414)Full Citation
30.: European Council.1991.‘Article 12.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2415)Full Citation
31.: European Council.1991.‘Article 13.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2416)Full Citation
32.: European Council.1991.‘Article 14.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2417)Full Citation
33.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8320)Full Citation
34.: Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat.2017.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ Arms Trade Treaty Annual Report.Geneva:Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat,1 January. (Q13951)Full Citation
35.: Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation
36.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4b.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2408)Full Citation
37.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8319)Full Citation
38.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
39.: European Council.1991.‘European Weapons Directive.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2403)Full Citation
40.: European Council.1991.‘Article 18.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2418)Full Citation
41.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8315)Full Citation
42.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
43.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
44.: European Council.1991.‘Article 6.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2410)Full Citation
45.: European Council.1991.‘Annex 1.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2419)Full Citation
46.: European Council.1991.‘Article 7.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2411)Full Citation
47.: European Council.1991.‘Article 8.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2412)Full Citation
48.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4a.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2407)Full Citation
49.: European Council.1991.‘Article 5.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2409)Full Citation
50.: European Council.1991.‘Article 10.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2413)Full Citation
51.: Malta.2018.‘Record-keeping.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13936)Full Citation
52.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2406)Full Citation
53.: Malta.2010.‘Law Enforcement / Criminalisation - Stockpiling.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4565)Full Citation
54.: Malta.2010.‘Stockpile Management and Security.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4564)Full Citation
55.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2405)Full Citation
56.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2404)Full Citation
57.: Malta.2018.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Malta on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13937)Full Citation
58.: European Parliament.2007.‘Roll-call Vote: EU Firearms Directive.’ Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons.Brussels:VoteWatch.eu,29 November. (Q1346)Full Citation
59.: EU Parliament.2007.‘Draft Legislative Resolution on the EU Parliament Firearms Directive 2007.’ Report on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.Brussels:European Parliament,12 July. (Q1970)Full Citation
60.: Saferworld.2010.‘EU Arms Transfer Reporting Database.’ Saferworld European Union Arms Transfer Reporting Database.London:Saferworld,9 December. (Q3364)Full Citation
61.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
62.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
63.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
64.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
65.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
66.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
67.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
68.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
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