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Libya — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Libya is

2017: 851,0001
2007: 900,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Libya is

2017: 13.301
2007: 15.52

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Libya ranked at No. 553

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Libya ranked at No. 402

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Proportion of Households with Firearms

In Libya, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be

2013: 21%4

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Libya are reported to have 535,2005 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Libya are reported to have 22,0226 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

Total Number of Gun Deaths

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Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Libya, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2017: 127
2016: 11

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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is

2017: 0.387
2016: 0.36

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 1568
2012: 1039
2010: 191
2008: 17610

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 2.438
2012: 1.79
2010: 3.14
2008: 2.910
2004: 2.9611
2003: 2.20
2002: 2.50
1999: 2.08
1996: 1.91

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 12612
2010: 14712

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Libya, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 4.0012

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 3012
2010: 45

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Libya, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.9812

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Gun Homicides

In Libya, annual firearm homicides total

2016: 367

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

In Libya, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 0.557

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

In Libya, annual male firearm homicides total

2016: 367

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 1.067
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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 32713
2015: 260
2010: 333
2000: 283

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 513
2015: 4.06
2010: 5.45
2000: 5.63

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 25813
2015: 199
2010: 262
2000: 214

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 7.6213
2015: 5.99
2010: 8.25
2000: 8.24

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 6913
2015: 61
2010: 71
2000: 68

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.1913
2015: 1.97
2010: 2.42
2000: 2.80

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Gun Suicides

In Libya, annual firearm suicides total

2016: 17

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

In Libya, annual male firearm suicides total

2016: 17

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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

In Libya, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 0.037

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Libya, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2017: 3157
2016: 233

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2017: 4.737
2016: 3.56
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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Libya, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2017: 3057
2016: 228

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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is

2017: 8.867
2016: 6.73

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Libya, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2017: 107
2016: 5

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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is

2017: 0.317
2016: 0.16

Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Libya, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2017: 17
2016: 1

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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2017: 0.037
2016: 0.03

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Libya, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited without a license,14 15 16 17 18 unless it is on behalf of the national militia19

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Home-made Guns

In Libya, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate20

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Libya, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law18 15

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Libya is reported by Customs to be US$021 (2009)

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Firearm Imports

In Libya, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law18 22 15

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Libya is reported by Customs to be US$

2011: 22,6062116 23
2009: 14,000,00024
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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Libya is high25

MeasuresGun Regulation

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Libya includes the Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives26} and Law (7) on the Possession of Weapons, Explosives, etc.27

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Libya are regulated by the Minister of the Interior28

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Libya, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law29 30

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Libya, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic weapons31 32 33

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Libya, no unlicensed civilians34 17 35 31 32 33 with the exception of armed militia members36 19 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Libya is 21 years37

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Libya must pass a background check which considers mental health, criminal37 records

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Firearm Safety Training

In Libya, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required36 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Libya, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 1 year, ending on the 31st of December each year38

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Libya are permitted to possess 2 firearms39 32

Firearm Registration

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Libya, licensed firearm dealers are required40 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Libya, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited,34 17 unless it is to members of the national militia41

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Libya, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful,34 17 unless it is to members of the national militia41

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Libya include42 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Libya, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm43 is 1 year42 to life imprisonment,41 as well as a fine44

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

League of Arab States

As a member of the League of Arab States, Libya adopted the Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material in January 200245

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Libya adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200646 47

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200748 by Libya.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified49 by Libya

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified50 by Libya

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Libya committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects51

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Libya against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 14252 53 54 55 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Libya has submitted one or more national reports56 57 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Libya, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated57

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Libya, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated57

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Libya submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent57

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated57 by Libya to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided57 to Libya by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Libya has not declared58 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Libya has been a Member State of the United Nations since 195559

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list60 Libya as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,61 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 1568
2012: 1039
2010: 191
2008: 17610

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 2.438
2012: 1.79
2010: 3.14
2008: 2.910
2004: 2.9611
2003: 2.20
2002: 2.50
1999: 2.08
1996: 1.91

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 12612
2010: 14712

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Libya, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 4.0012

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Libya, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 3012
2010: 45

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Libya, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.9812

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Gun Homicides

In Libya, annual firearm homicides total

2016: 367

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

In Libya, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 0.557

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

In Libya, annual male firearm homicides total

2016: 367

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Libya, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 1.067
2015:
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Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Libya, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in Libya are known to have44 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Libya, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2017: 29062
2016: 282

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Libya, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is not required by law34

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Libya ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Libya on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

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Florquin, Nicolas, Moncef Kartas and Irene Pavesi.2014.‘Perceptions of Firearms.’ Searching for Stability: Perceptions of Security, Justice, and Firearms in Libya.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Security Assessment in North Africa (SANA),1 August. (Q8948)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

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WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

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UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

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UNODC.2014.‘Homicides in Libya.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q9964)Full Citation

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UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Libya.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6398)Full Citation

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Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Middle East and North Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3813)Full Citation

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UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

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WHO.2018.‘Violent Death Estimates by Country.’ Disease Burden and Mortality Estimates: Cause-Specific Mortality, 2000–2016.Geneva:World Health Organization,1 January. (Q14136)Full Citation

14.

Libya.1967.‘Article 15: Manufacturing License.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15657)Full Citation

15.

Libya.1967.‘Article 13: Trade License Limits.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15660)Full Citation

16.

Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Small Arms Transfers to Libya, 2001-2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11080)Full Citation

17.

Libya.1967.‘Article 1: Licensing.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15648)Full Citation

18.

Libya.1967.‘Article 12: Manufacture and Trade Licenses.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15655)Full Citation

19.

Libya.1981.‘Article 2: Possession.’ Law (7) on the Possession of Weapons, Explosives, etc..Tripoli:Libya,16 February. (Q15645)Full Citation

20.

Florquin, Nicolas, Sigrid Lipott and Francis Wairagu.2019.‘Excerpts on Illicit/Craft Production - Libya.’ Weapons Compass: Mapping Illicit Small Arms Flows in Africa.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 January. (Q13990)Full Citation

21.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

22.

Libya.1967.‘Article 14: Import Limits.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15656)Full Citation

23.

Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Annexe 4.4: Authorized Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons to Egypt, Libya, and Syria, 2001-13.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11079)Full Citation

24.

Grzybowski, Janis, Nicholas Marsh and Matt Schroeder.2012.‘Annexe 8.3 - Annual Authorized Small Arms and Light Weapons Imports by Major Importer, 2009.’ Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q15391)Full Citation

25.

Florquin, Nicolas, Sigrid Lipott, and Francis Wairagu.2019.‘Excerpts on Trafficking - Libya.’ Weapons Compass: Mapping Illicit Small Arms Flows in Africa.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 January. (Q13989)Full Citation

26.

Libya.1967.‘Title.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15642)Full Citation

27.

Libya.1981.‘Title.’ Law (7) on the Possession of Weapons, Explosives, etc..Tripoli:Libya,16 February. (Q15643)Full Citation

28.

Libya.1967.‘Article 3: Issuance and Withdrawal of Licenses.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15651)Full Citation

29.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

30.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

31.

Libya.1967.‘Article 8: Ammunition Licenses.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15664)Full Citation

32.

Libya.1967.‘Schedule 1: Permitted Firearms.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15661)Full Citation

33.

Libya.1967.‘Schedule 2: Prohibited Firearms.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15662)Full Citation

34.

Libya.2010.‘Measures to Prohibit the Manufacture, Stockpile, Transfer and Possession of Light Weapons.’ National Report of Libya on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4620)Full Citation

35.

Libya.1967.‘Article 10: Termination of Licenses.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15654)Full Citation

36.

Libya.1981.‘Article 1: Right to Bear Arms.’ Law (7) on the Possession of Weapons, Explosives, etc..Tripoli:Libya,16 February. (Q15644)Full Citation

37.

Libya.1967.‘Article 2: Licensing Requirements.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15650)Full Citation

38.

Libya.1967.‘Article 7: Licensing Period.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15653)Full Citation

39.

Libya.1967.‘Article 9: Limit on Number of Firearms.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15663)Full Citation

40.

Libya.1967.‘Article 17: Dealer Record Keeping.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15658)Full Citation

41.

Libya.1981.‘Article 3: Penalties.’ Law (7) on the Possession of Weapons, Explosives, etc..Tripoli:Libya,16 February. (Q15646)Full Citation

42.

Libya.1967.‘Article 18: Transport of Firearms.’ Law (1) on the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives..Tripoli:Libya,15 July. (Q15659)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation

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Essam Mohamed. 2013. ‘Lawless Libya Criminalises Gun Ownership.’ Magharebia (USA). 19 December. (N321) Full Citation

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League of Arab States / UNODA.2002.‘Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Council of the League of Arab States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q3215)Full Citation

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African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

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African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation

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GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation

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UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation

50.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

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UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation

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Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation

58.

UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

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60.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

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United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation

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UNODC.2020.‘Arms Seized, Found, and Surrendered, by Type.’ Illicit Arms Flows Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,7 January. (Q14056)Full Citation