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Liberia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Liberia is

2017: 238,8611
2007: 51,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Liberia is

2017: 5.091
2007: 1.62

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Liberia, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be

2017: 10,8571

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Liberia, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be

2017: 162,8601

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

In Liberia, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be

2017: 65,1441

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Liberia ranked at No. 1523

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Liberia ranked at No. 1292

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Liberia are reported to have 2,5204 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Liberia are reported to have 5,0005 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 4606
2015: 440
2010: 442
2000: 429

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 3.267
2011: 4.04
2010: 3.38
2009: 3.91
2008: 4.91
2007: 2.88
2004: 16.808
2002: 32.80

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual male homicides by any means total

2012: 1069
2010: 909

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Liberia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 5.059

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual female homicides by any means total

2012: 299
2010: 39

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Liberia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 1.389

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Liberia, annual firearm homicides total

2010: 1710
2009: 15
2008: 14
2007: 10

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2010: 0.410
2009: 0.4
2008: 0.4
2007: 0.3

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Liberia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2010: 13.2%10
2009: 10.3%
2008: 7.9%
2007: 10.0%

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 3156
2015: 293
2010: 256
2000: 164

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 6.886
2015: 6.57
2010: 6.71
2000: 5.76

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 1656
2015: 152
2010: 136
2000: 96

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 7.216
2015: 6.81
2010: 7.12
2000: 6.71

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 1506
2015: 141
2010: 121
2000: 68

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 6.566
2015: 6.33
2010: 6.34
2000: 4.80

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Liberia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence,11 but is not conducted in practice12 13

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Home-made Guns

In Liberia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low14

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Liberia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law15

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Firearm Exports (Number)

The annual number of firearms exported from Liberia is reported by manufacturers to be

2015: 016

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Liberia is reported by Customs to be US$957,71717 (2011)

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Firearm Imports

In Liberia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law15

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Firearm Imports (Number)

The annual number of firearms imported to Liberia is reported to be

2015: 1,74016

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Liberia is reported by Customs to be US$1,737,71217 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Liberia is moderate18 19 20

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Liberia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law21

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Liberia include22 23 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Liberia is categorised as restrictive24

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Liberia includes the Firearms and Ammunition Control Act of 201525

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Liberia are regulated by the National Commission on Small Arms and the Liberian National Police26

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Liberia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law27

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Liberia, civilians are not allowed to possess small arms (other than hunting rifles) and light weapons28

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Law Regulates Automatic Weapons

In Liberia, civilian possession of automatic weapons is regulated by law29

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Law Regulates Handguns

In Liberia, civilian possession of handguns is regulated by law29

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Liberia, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law29

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Liberia, only professional hunters28 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Liberia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting28

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Liberia is 18 years30

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Liberia must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental, health, and human rights30 records

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Firearm Safety Training

In Liberia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required30 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Liberia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years31

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Liberia, the law requires32 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Liberia, licensed firearm dealers are required32 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Liberia, licensed gun makers are required32 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Liberia, State agencies are required32 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Liberia include30 33 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Liberia include30 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Liberia include34 35 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Liberia, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law29

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Liberia adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200636 37

Economic Community of West African States

In June 2006, as a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Liberia adopted the ECOWAS Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition and other Related Materials. This stipulates strict controls on the transfer, manufacture, possession and security of small arms and light weapons38

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

The UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists39 Liberia as an elected member

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200640 by Liberia.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified41 by Liberia

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified42 by Liberia

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Liberia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects43

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Liberia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 12144 45 46 47 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Liberia has submitted one or more national reports48 49 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Liberia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated50 49

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Liberia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated49

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Liberia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent49

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated49 by Liberia to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided49 to Liberia by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Liberia has not declared51 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Liberia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194552

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list53 Liberia as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,54 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 4606
2015: 440
2010: 442
2000: 429

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 3.267
2011: 4.04
2010: 3.38
2009: 3.91
2008: 4.91
2007: 2.88
2004: 16.808
2002: 32.80

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual male homicides by any means total

2012: 1069
2010: 909

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Liberia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 5.059

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Liberia, annual female homicides by any means total

2012: 299
2010: 39

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Liberia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 1.389

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Liberia, annual firearm homicides total

2010: 1710
2009: 15
2008: 14
2007: 10

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Liberia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2010: 0.410
2009: 0.4
2008: 0.4
2007: 0.3

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Liberia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2010: 13.2%10
2009: 10.3%
2008: 7.9%
2007: 10.0%

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Liberia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Disarmament

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

ChartIn Liberia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be

2003/06: 28,31455
1994/97: 10,036

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Liberia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2013: 6756
2011: 17557

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Liberia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law58

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Firearm Tracing

In Liberia, state authorities carry out59 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Liberia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Liberia on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

1.

Pokoo, John, Afua Lamptey, Kwesi Aning and Thomas Taye.2017.‘Small Arms Ownership Survey Findings.’ Assessing Small Arms Control Mechanisms in Liberia: A Nationwide Baseline Study.Accra:Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre,1 January. (Q14073)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

6.

WHO.2018.‘Violent Death Estimates by Country.’ Disease Burden and Mortality Estimates: Cause-Specific Mortality, 2000–2016.Geneva:World Health Organization,1 January. (Q14136)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

8.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

9.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

10.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Liberia.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6378)Full Citation

11.

Liberia.2016.‘Prohibition of Manufacture of Small Arms or Ammunition.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13780)Full Citation

12.

Liberia.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13779)Full Citation

13.

Liberia.2014.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12924)Full Citation

14.

Florquin, Nicolas, Sigrid Lipott and Francis Wairagu.2019.‘Excerpts on Illicit/Craft Production - Liberia.’ Weapons Compass: Mapping Illicit Small Arms Flows in Africa.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 January. (Q13988)Full Citation

15.

Liberia.2016.‘Prohibition of Import and Export of Arms or Ammunition.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13781)Full Citation

16.

Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat.2017.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ Arms Trade Treaty Annual Report.Geneva:Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat,1 January. (Q13951)Full Citation

17.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

18.

Mangan, Fiona and Matthias Nowak.2019.‘The Nature of Illicit Arms Trafficking in West Africa and the Sahel.’ The West Africa–Sahel Connection: Mapping Cross-Border Arms Trafficking.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 December. (Q14062)Full Citation

19.

Liberia.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13782)Full Citation

20.

AEFJN.2010.‘Countries that Send Arms to Embargoed Territories.’ Arms Exports and Transfers: From Sub-Saharan Africa to Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network,1 December. (Q5101)Full Citation

21.

Liberia.2016.‘Prohibition on Brokering in Arms or Ammunition.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13784)Full Citation

22.

Liberia.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13783)Full Citation

23.

Liberia.2014.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12925)Full Citation

24.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

25.

Liberia.2016.‘Purpose.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13785)Full Citation

26.

Liberia.2016.‘Institutional Arrangements.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13786)Full Citation

27.

Liberia.2016.‘License not Granted as of Right.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13787)Full Citation

28.

Liberia.2016.‘Prohibition of Possession of Small Arms.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13788)Full Citation

29.

Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Liberia.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9619)Full Citation

30.

Liberia.2016.‘Application for Licenses.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13789)Full Citation

31.

Liberia.2016.‘Termination of License.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13790)Full Citation

32.

Liberia.2016.‘National Small Arms Registry.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13791)Full Citation

33.

Liberia.2016.‘Establishment of Public Armoury.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13792)Full Citation

34.

Liberia.2018.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13793)Full Citation

35.

Liberia.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12928)Full Citation

36.

African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

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African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation

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ECOWAS / UNODA.2006.‘Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition and other Related Materials.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Economic Community of West African States Secretariat / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 June. (Q3219)Full Citation

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UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation

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UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation

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Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation

50.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

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UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

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53.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

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United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Summary of Disarmament Outcomes in 45 DDR Programmes.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,9 July. (Q2941)Full Citation

56.

Liberia.2014.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12929)Full Citation

57.

Liberia.2012.‘Collection.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12932)Full Citation

58.

Liberia.2016.‘Manufacture Markings.’ Firearms and Ammunition Control Act.Monrovia:Ministry of Foreign Affairs,11 July. (Q13794)Full Citation

59.

Liberia.2010.‘Marking and Tracing.’ National Report of Liberia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Liberia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4614)Full Citation