Japan — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Japan is 

2019: 310,4001 2 3
2018: 314,265
2017: 317,868
2016: 321,310
2015: 325,2214
2014: 332,024
2013: 341,710
2012: 353,870
2011: 370,171
2007: 710,0005
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Japan is 

2019: 0.256
2018: 0.25
2017: 0.25
2016: 0.25
2015: 0.26
2014: 0.26
2013: 0.27
2012: 0.28
2011: 0.29
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesChartIn Japan, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 

2019: 28,2731
2018: 28,995
2017: 29,503
2016: 29,903
2015: 30,2354
2014: 30,920
2013: 32,136
2012: 33,532
2011: 35,006
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsChartIn Japan, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

2019: 132,1271
2018: 135,270
2017: 138,365
2016: 141,406
2015: 144,9834
2014: 151,104
2013: 159,574
2012: 170,338
2011: 185,165
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsIn Japan, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 777
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Japan ranked at No. 648
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Japan ranked at No. 1645
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Japan, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2005: 0.8%9
2003: 0.3%
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Japan, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

2005: 0.0%9
2003: 0.0%
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Japan is reported to be 

2019: 196,5181
2018: 201,527
2017: 206,285
2016: 210,926
2015: 216,1934
2014: 225,005
2013: 236,979
2012: 251,537
2011: 271,100
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Japan is 

2019: 0.166
2018: 0.16
2017: 0.16
2016: 0.17
2015: 0.17
2014: 0.18
2013: 0.19
2012: 0.20
2011: 0.21
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Japan is reported to be 

2019: 160,4001
2018: 164,265
2017: 167,868
2016: 171,310
2015: 175,2214
2014: 182,024
2013: 191,710
2012: 203,870
2011: 220,171
2005: 413,0965
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Japan is 

2019: 0.136
2018: 0.13
2017: 0.13
2016: 0.14
2015: 0.14
2014: 0.14
2013: 0.15
2012: 0.16
2011: 0.17
2005: 0.32
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,10 but in Japan there are estimated to be 

2018: 150,0002
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,10 but in Japan the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

2018: 0.126
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Japan are reported to have 745,51411 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Japan are reported to have 252,00012 13 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

914
23
25
20
28
32
26
3015
52
52
60
68
55
61
90
82
97
101 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0114
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.08
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Japan, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

914
23
24
17
27
31
26
28
48
50
57
62
54
57
87
78
91
96
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.0114
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.15
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Japan, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

114
3
1
1
1
2
4
2
3
6
1
4
3
4
6
5
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0
0
0.01
0
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual homicides by any means total 

33416
306
362
363
395
370
429
442
465
506
654
574
619
643
699
697
60917
645
637
674
716
677
616
677 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.2616
0.24
0.28
0.28
0.31
0.29
0.33
0.34
0.36
0.40
0.51
0.45
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.517 18
0.5
0.517
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6219
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual male homicides by any means total 

15520
133
165
145
189
179
189
208
228
253
315
292
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.2520
0.21
0.26
0.23
0.30
0.29
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.40
0.50
0.46
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual female homicides by any means total 

17920
173
197
218
206
191
240
234
237
253
339
282
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.2820
0.27
0.30
0.33
0.31
0.29
0.37
0.36
0.36
0.39
0.52
0.43
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual firearm homicides total 

114
1
2
2
5
3
6
5
1
5
9
1
4
7
6
4721
9
3
3422
36
42 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

14

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0
0
0.01
0
0.0421
0.01
0
0.0322
0.03
0.03
0.0223
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Japan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

2%24
1.8%17
6.0%
7.2%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Japan, annual male firearm homicides total 

114
1
114
1
4
3
5
5
1
4
7
1
3
7
5
8
3
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

14

0
0

0
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Japan, annual female firearm homicides total 

214
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
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Handgun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual handgun homicides total 

1125
15
17
16
12 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.016
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual suicides by any means total 

20,03214
20,479
21,031
23,162
24,431
26,077
26,447
28,911
29,580
30,742
30,269
30,865
29,962
30,596
30,299
32,146
29,949
29,427
30,313
31,413
31,755
23,494
22,138
21,420 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

014
15.88
16.20
16.60
18.25
19.22
20.49
20.76
22.68
23.19
24.07
23.69
24.15
23.46
23.96
23.73
25.20
23.51
23.15
23.91
24.83
25.16
18.66
17.62
17.09
16.7226
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual male suicides by any means total 

13,85214
14,347
14,653
16,212
16,889
18,172
18,499
19,919
21,054
22,224
21,586
22,045
21,460
22,277
22,006
23,432
21,677
21,137
21,717
22,402
22,349
15,901
14,853
14,231
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

22.6614
23.40
23.84
26.33
27.37
29.41
29.90
32.15
33.94
35.78
34.71
35.44
34.51
35.81
35.36
37.67
34.05
35.05
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual female suicides by any means total 

6,18014
6,132
6,378
6,95014
7,542
7,905
7,948
8,992
8,526
8,518
8,683
8,820
8,502
8,319
8,293
8,714
8,272
8,290
8,596
9,011
9,406
7,593
7,285
7,189
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

9.5014
9.41
9.77
10.64
11.53
12.08
12.14
13.72
13.01
12.99
13.24
13.45
12.97
12.70
12.67
13.33
12.75
13.26
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Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual firearm suicides total 

114
14
14
10
14
14
14
1515
26
35
40
38
41
43
52
37
51
52
62
4727
47
45
52
40 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.0428
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Japan, annual male firearm suicides total 

114
14
14
10
14
14
14
15
26
35
40
38
41
41
51
36
51
52
61
45
47
44
50
38
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.08
0.10
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Japan, annual female firearm suicides total 

014
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
1
2
0
1
2
2
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0
0
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Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

214
2
4
3
3
2
1
115
3
5
5
4
4
2
6
4
7
4
727 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0
0.0127
0.0029
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Japan, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

214
2
4
2
3
2
1
1
3
5
5
4
4
2
6
4
7
4
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0.01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Japan, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

114
0
0
0
0
0
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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Japan, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

014
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

214
4
4
4
7
6
7
315
14
8
6
7
4
5
17
11
6
8
727 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0
0
0
0.01
0
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.0127
0.0030
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Japan, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

214
4
4
414
714
6
7
3
11
7
6
6
4
5
16
10
3
7
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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

014
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0
0.01
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Japan, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

014
0
0
0
3
1
1
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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0
0
0
0
0
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Japan, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

314
3
8
8
2
6
15
9 
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0.01
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01
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Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Japan, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

314
3
8
7
2
6
15
9
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Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.01
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Female Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesIn Japan, annual female legal-intervention gun homicides total 

114
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Rate of Female Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn Japan, the annual rate of female legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

014

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Japan, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence31
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Japan was ranked 'small'32
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Home-made GunsIn Japan, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low33

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Japan, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law34
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Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Japan is reported by manufacturers to be 

2018: 95,28435
2017: 107,875
2016: 127,201
2015: 116,374
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Japan is reported by Customs to be US$

2017: 105,000,000
2016: 108,000,00036
2015: 150,497,40637
2014: 163,106,578
2013: 160,509,519
2012: 170,260,84637 38 39
2011: 73,272,05440
2010: 84,000,00041
2001: 77,000,00038
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Japan was categorized as 'major'42 43 44 45
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Firearm ImportsIn Japan, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law46
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Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Japan is reported to be 

2020: 447
2019: 0
2018: 2,52135
2017: 3,172
2016: 2,512
2015: 2,702
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Japan is reported by Customs to be US$

2017: 34,000,000
2016: 41,000,00048
2015: 56,321,31137
2014: 79,084,676
2013: 54,216,216
2012: 48,613,95137 49 50 51
2011: 27,896,88840 52
2010: 31,000,00053
2001: 38,000,00049
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Japan is negligible54 55
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Japan, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law56
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Japan include57 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Japan scored 

2020: 12.25
2019: 11.7558
2018: 12.0059
2017: 9.2560
2016: 9.2561
2014: 7.0062
2013: 7.5063
2012: 8.5064
2011: 9.0065
2010: 9.0066
2009: 9.5067
2008: 8.5068
2007: 9.0069
2006: 9.0070
2005: 9.7571
2004: 9.5072 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Japan is categorised as restrictive73
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Japan includes the Firearms and Swords Control Law,74 the Ordnance Manufacturing Law,31 the Explosives Control Law,75 76 the Customs Law,77 and the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law34
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Japan are regulated by the Prefectural Public Safety Commission78
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Japan, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law79
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Japan, civilians are not allowed to possess handguns, military rifles, machine guns, large caliber guns, imitation firearms,80 as well as hunting guns and certain air gun without specific approval79
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Japan, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited80 79
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Japan, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited81 82
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Japan, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited, with the exception of accomplished sports shooters80 79
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn Japan,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law81 24 83
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Japan, only licensed gun owners84 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Japan are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, or art collection (with special permission)85 86
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Japan is 18 years87
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Japan must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health and addiction87  records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Japan, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required7
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Japan stipulates87 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn Japan, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required88 for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Japan, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years89
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Japan are permitted to possess one firearm per license84
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Japan are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition90
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Japan, the law requires91 57 92 93 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Japan, licensed firearm dealers are required94 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Japan, licensed gun makers are required94 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Japan, State agencies are required91 95 93 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Japan, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited96
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Japan, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful96
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Japan, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined90
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Japan, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated90 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Japan include97 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Japan include97 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Japan include97 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Japan do not include98 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Japan, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited99 98
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Japan, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit99 98 100
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Japan, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm101 is 15 years in prison102

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeThe UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists103 Japan as an elected member
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006104 by Japan.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified105 by Japan
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed, but not yet ratified106 by Japan
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Japan committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects107
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Japan against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 41108 109 110 111 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Japan has submitted one or more national reports112 113 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Japan, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated114 113
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Japan, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated114 113
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Japan submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent113 115
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated113 116 by Japan to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Japan has declared117 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Japan has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1956118
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists119 Japan as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,120 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual homicides by any means total 

33416
306
362
363
395
370
429
442
465
506
654
574
619
643
699
697
60917
645
637
674
716
677
616
677 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.2616
0.24
0.28
0.28
0.31
0.29
0.33
0.34
0.36
0.40
0.51
0.45
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.517 18
0.5
0.517
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6219
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual male homicides by any means total 

15520
133
165
145
189
179
189
208
228
253
315
292
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.2520
0.21
0.26
0.23
0.30
0.29
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.40
0.50
0.46
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Japan, annual female homicides by any means total 

17920
173
197
218
206
191
240
234
237
253
339
282
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.2820
0.27
0.30
0.33
0.31
0.29
0.37
0.36
0.36
0.39
0.52
0.43
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Gun HomicidesChartIn Japan, annual firearm homicides total 

114
1
2
2
5
3
6
5
1
5
9
1
4
7
6
4721
9
3
3422
36
42 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

14

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0
0
0.01
0
0.0421
0.01
0
0.0322
0.03
0.03
0.0223
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Japan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

2%24
1.8%17
6.0%
7.2%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Japan, annual male firearm homicides total 

114
1
114
1
4
3
5
5
1
4
7
1
3
7
5
8
3
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

14

0
0

0
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Japan, annual female firearm homicides total 

214
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Japan, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

014
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Japan, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Compare
DisarmamentAuthorities in Japan are known to have121 122 123 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Japan, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

355124
401
315
360
341
383125
406
471126
373126 122
426126
397126 127
407126 128
548129
458
489
601
785
1,035130
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Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Japan, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

3,463131
2017/2016: 8,863132
8,44995
27121
8,429133 122
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Japan, it is state policy95 134 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Japan, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law135 91 57 93 92
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Japan, state authorities carry out136 93 92  recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Japan, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not90 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Japan ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Japan on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

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87.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Standards for Permission.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14354)Full Citation
88.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Training Courses on the Handling of Hunting Guns and Air Guns.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14356)Full Citation
89.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Period of Validity of Permission for Hunting Guns and Air Guns.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14357)Full Citation
90.: Japan.2001.‘Firearms Control in Japan.’ National Police Agency, Firearms Division.Tokyo:Firearms Division, Community Safety Bureau, National Police Agency,1 January. (Q4146)Full Citation
91.: Japan.2016.‘Marking and Record Keeping.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12109)Full Citation
92.: Japan.2010.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1679)Full Citation
93.: Japan.2010.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1678)Full Citation
94.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Record Keeping.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14362)Full Citation
95.: Japan.2016.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12103)Full Citation
96.: Japan.2002.‘Firearms Control in Japan 2002.’ No! Guns 2002.Tokyo:Firearms Division, National Police Agency,1 January. (Q2103)Full Citation
97.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Storage of Firearms.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14359)Full Citation
98.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Limits on the Conditions of Possession.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14358)Full Citation
99.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Prohibition on Conveyance.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14352)Full Citation
100.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Carrying of Permits and Certificates of Registration.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14361)Full Citation
101.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
102.: Alleman, Mark.2000.‘Japan - Punishment.’ Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law (Translation).Seattle WA:Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association,1 February. (Q14363)Full Citation
103.: UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation
104.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
105.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
106.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
107.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
108.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
109.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
110.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
111.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
112.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
113.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
114.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
115.: Japan.2010.‘Cooperation with Civil Society and NGOs.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1688)Full Citation
116.: Robin Ballantyne. 2005. ‘Japan's Hidden Arms Trade.’ Asia Times (Hong Kong) / Japan Focus. 1 December. (N192) Full Citation
117.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
118.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
119.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
120.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
121.: Japan.2016.‘Collection.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12108)Full Citation
122.: Japan.2014.‘Confiscation, Seizure & Collection.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12113)Full Citation
123.: Japan.2012.‘Confiscation, Seizure & Collection.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 February. (Q12119)Full Citation
124.: Japan.2021.‘Changes in the seizure of handguns.’ The Situation of Organized Crime in the Second Year of Reiwa (2020).Tokyo:National Police Agency,1 January. (Q14339)Full Citation
125.: Japan.2016.‘Seizure of Handguns.’ Provisional Drug and Firearm Situation in the First Half of 2016.Tokyo:National Police Agency,1 September. (Q13397)Full Citation
126.: Japan.2015.‘Number of Seized Handguns, 2009-2013.’ National Police Agency: Police of Japan 2015.Tokyo:Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy,6 April. (Q12165)Full Citation
127.: Japan.2012.‘Handgun Seizures, 2010.’ National Police Agency: Crimes in Japan in 2010.Tokyo:Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy,14 May. (Q12166)Full Citation
128.: Japan.2011.‘Handgun Seizures, 2009.’ National Police Agency: Crimes in Japan in 2009.Tokyo:Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy,20 May. (Q12168)Full Citation
129.: Japan.2008.‘Handgun Seizures, 2003-2007.’ National Police Agency: Crimes in Japan in 2007.Tokyo:Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy,8 October. (Q12163)Full Citation
130.: Kenji Ogata. 2016. ‘Yakuza 'All-out War' Triggers Apparent Surge in Gun Prices.’ Asahi Shimbun (Japan). 20 June. (N641) Full Citation
131.: Japan.2020.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14340)Full Citation
132.: Japan.2018.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14341)Full Citation
133.: Japan.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12112)Full Citation
134.: Japan.2010.‘Disposal.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1681)Full Citation
135.: Japan.2016.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12100)Full Citation
136.: Japan.2016.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12110)Full Citation

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