Find Gun Policy Facts

Armed violence prevention, gun control laws and the small arms trade:

Go To ..

Jamaica — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Jamaica is

2017: 246,0001
2012: 180,0002 3

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Jamaica is

2017: 8.801
2012: 6.62 3

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Rifles

ChartIn Jamaica, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be

2016: 1934
1999: 7435

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

ChartIn Jamaica, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be

2016: 5,3484
1995: 3,4225

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Handguns

ChartIn Jamaica, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be

2016: 35,3734
1995: 13,9805

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Jamaica ranked at No. 1146

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Jamaica ranked at No. 743

Compare
Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

ChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Jamaica is reported to be

2016: 34,0554
2010: 25,1007
2006: 27,0008
2004: 50,0009

Compare
Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Jamaica is

2016: 1.1510
2010: 0.88
2006: 0.98
2004: 1.84

Compare
Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Jamaica is reported to be

2017: 45,1951
2016: 45,9154
2010: 32,6007
2006: 65,00011 12
2005: 65,0003

Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Jamaica is

2016: 1.5510
2010: 1.14
2006: 2.4411
2005: 2.3810

Compare
Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,13 but in Jamaica there are estimated to be

2017: 200,0851

Government Guns

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Jamaica are reported to have 8,68114 firearms

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Jamaica are reported to have 12,00015 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

Compare
Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Jamaica, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2015: 1,03916
2011: 1,08117
2010: 267
2009: 1,623
1997: 45018
1995: 45919

Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2015: 35.2210
2011: 38.1617
2010: 9.41
2009: 57.08
1997: 18.618
1995: 18.5910

Compare
Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total

2011: 1,00417
2010: 241
2009: 1,457

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is

2011: 71.5917
2010: 17.15
2009: 103.45

Compare
Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2011: 7617
2010: 26
2009: 113

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is

2011: 5.3117
2010: 1.81
2009: 7.87

Compare
Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 1,35220
2015: 1,207
2014: 1,005
2013: 2,401
2012: 1,09921 22
2011: 1,133
2010: 1,447
2009: 1,683
2008: 1,61921 22 23 24 25
2007: 1,584
2006: 1,340
2005: 1,67426 21 22 23 24 25
2004: 1,471
2003: 976
2002: 1,045
2001: 1,139
2000: 887
1999: 84926 23 27
1998: 953
1997: 1,031
1996: 925
1995: 78026 23
1994: 69026
1993: 654
1992: 629
1991: 561
1990: 542

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 48.0420
2015: 42.86
2014: 35.66
2013: 85.07
2012: 38.87
2011: 39.99
2010: 50.98
2009: 59.19
2008: 56.86
2007: 55.57
2006: 46.98
2005: 58.67
2004: 51.56
2003: 34.23
2002: 36.67
2001: 40.16
2000: 34.15
1999: 33.423 28
1998: 33.923 28 27
1997: 41.423 27
1996: 37.223 28 27
1995: 31.723
1994: 28.3210
1993: 27.17
1992: 26.45
1991: 23.79
1990: 23.09

Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 1,21520
2015: 1,091
2014: 905
2013: 2,142
2012: 972
2011: 1,014
2010: 1,302
2009: 1,527
2008: 1,454
2007: 1,433
2006: 1,188
2005: 1,488
2004: 1,330
2003: 888
2002: 921
2001: 1,031

Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 87.2520
2015: 78.30
2014: 64.89
2013: 153.36
2012: 69.46
2011: 72.30
2010: 92.63
2009: 108.42
2008: 103.08
2007: 101.47
2006: 84.05
2005: 105.23
2004: 94.05
2003: 62.81
2002: 65.19
2001: 73.33

Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 13720
2015: 116
2014: 100
2013: 259
2012: 127
2011: 119
2010: 145
2009: 156
2008: 165
2007: 151
2006: 152
2005: 186
2004: 141
2003: 88
2002: 124
2001: 108

Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.6420
2015: 8.15
2014: 7.02
2013: 18.17
2012: 8.89
2011: 8.32
2010: 10.12
2009: 10.87
2008: 11.48
2007: 10.50
2006: 10.56
2005: 12.93
2004: 9.80
2003: 6.12
2002: 8.63
2001: 7.55

Compare
Gun Homicides

ChartIn Jamaica, annual firearm homicides total

2016: 1,10029
2015: 975
2014: 714
2013: 883
2012: 773
2011: 792
2010: 1,097
2009: 1,195
2008: 1,246
2007: 1,251
2006: 1,005
2005: 1,27823 30 9
2004: 1,111
2003: 69030 9
2002: 710
2001: 790
2000: 57530
1995: 45019

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 38.2029
2015: 33.90
2014: 24.90
2013: 31
2012: 27.20
2011: 28
2010: 38.90
2009: 42.02
2008: 44.43
2007: 44.96
2006: 36.42
2005: 47.723 30 25
2004: 41.7
2003: 26.330 10
2002: 27.1
2001: 30.3
2000: 22.230
1997: 18.2327
1995: 16.9719

Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Jamaica, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2015: 80%31
2013: 74%21
2012: 71%
2011: 70%21 22 32
2010: 76%21 22
2009: 77%22
2008: 77%
2007: 79%
2006: 75%
2005: 76.3%23
2004: 75.5%
2000: 61%33
1990: 50%

Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 89929
2014: 670
2013: 815
2012: 707
2011: 728
2010: 1,009
2009: 1,110

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 62.9029
2014: 47
2013: 57.50
2012: 50.10
2011: 51.80
2010: 72.10
2009: 78.81

Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female firearm homicides total

2015: 7629
2014: 44
2013: 68
2012: 66
2011: 64
2010: 88
2009: 85

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 5.3029
2014: 3.10
2013: 4.70
2012: 4.60
2011: 4.50
2010: 6.20
2009: 5.92

Compare
Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 6234
2015: 61
2011: 5017
2010: 56
2009: 36
2008: 4735 36
2007: 5035
2006: 53
2005: 58
2004: 4235 36
2003: 6435
2002: 56
2001: 73
2000: 6034
1995: 3619

Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.2034
2015: 2.17
2011: 1.7617
2010: 1.97
2009: 1.27
2008: 1.835 36
2007: 1.935
2006: 2.0
2005: 2.2
2004: 1.6
2003: 2.4
2002: 2.1
2001: 2.8
2000: 2.1334
1995: 1.3619

Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 4734
2015: 47
2011: 4417
2010: 43
2009: 33
2000: 50

Compare
Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 3.3834
2015: 3.37
2011: 3.1417
2010: 3.06
2009: 2.34
2000: 3.59

Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 1534
2015: 15
2010: 13
2000: 11

Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 1.0534
2015: 1.05
2010: 0.91
2000: 0.78

Compare
Gun Suicides

ChartIn Jamaica, annual firearm suicides total

2015: 916
2011: 417
2010: 0
2009: 4
1995: 919

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.3110
2011: 0.1417
2010: 0
2009: 0.14
1995: 0.3419

Compare
Male Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male firearm suicides total

2011: 417
2010: 0
2009: 4

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2011: 0.2917
2009: 0.28

Compare
Female Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female firearm suicides total

2011: 017
2010: 0

Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Jamaica, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2011: 417
2010: 0
2009: 198

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2011: 0.1417
2010: 9.38
2009: 6.96

Compare
Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Jamaica, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2011: 317
2010: 0
2009: 176

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is

2011: 0.2117
2009: 12.50

Compare
Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Jamaica, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2011: 117
2010: 0
2009: 22

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is

2011: 0.0717
2009: 1.53

Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Jamaica, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2011: 22217
2010: 267
2009: 5

Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2011: 7.8417
2010: 9.41
2009: 0.18

Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2011: 20117
2010: 241
2009: 2

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2011: 14.3317
2010: 17.15
2009: 0.14

Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2011: 2117
2010: 26

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2011: 1.4717
2010: 1.81

Compare
Legal Intervention Gun Homicides

ChartIn Jamaica, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total

2011: 20517
2009: 221

ProductionGun Industry

Compare
Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Jamaica, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence,37 38 39 40 41 but is not conducted in practice42 43 44 45

Compare
Home-made Guns

In Jamaica, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high46

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Compare
Firearm Exports

In Jamaica, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law47 48 49 50 51

Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Jamaica is reported by manufacturers to be

2018: 27152
2017: 25752
2015: 148

Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Jamaica is reported by Customs to be US$4,31653 (2011)

Compare
Firearm Imports

In Jamaica, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law47 48 49 50 54 51 55

Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Jamaica is reported to be

2018: 6,00452
2017: 5,02352
2015: 12,129

Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Jamaica is reported by Customs to be US$1,553,16653 (2011)

Compare
Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Jamaica is high56 57 58 59 60

Compare
Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Jamaica, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law61 62 44 54

Compare
End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Jamaica include63 64 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

Compare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Jamaica is categorised as restrictive65

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Jamaica includes the Firearms Act 1967 and its 2010 Amendments,66 the 2001 Firearms Regulation,48 the Gunpowder and Explosives Act,55 the Customs Act 1941 and the Trade Act 195567

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Jamaica are regulated by the Ministry of National Security68 and the Firearm Licensing Authority69 70 54

Compare
Right to Possess Firearms

In Jamaica, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law71 72 73

Compare
Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Jamaica, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms74 75 76 32

Compare
Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Jamaica, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited74 75 76 32

Compare
Regulation of Handguns

In Jamaica, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence75 76 32

Compare
Law Regulates Long Guns

In Jamaica, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law75 76 32

Compare
Gun Ownership and Possession

In Jamaica, only licensed gun owners76 75 77 32 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Jamaica are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm77 78

Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Jamaica is 17 years75

Compare
Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Jamaica must pass a background check which considers criminal and mental health77 74 79 32 records

Compare
Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Jamaica, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required80

Compare
Partner to be Advised or Interviewed

In Jamaica, licensing authorities are not required73 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence

Compare
Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Jamaica does not stipulate73 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

Compare
Firearm Safety Training

In Jamaica, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required77 for a firearm licence

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Jamaica, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every four or five years81

Compare
Licensing Records

In Jamaica, authorities maintain a record68 82 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Jamaica are permitted to possess any number of firearms73 83

Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Jamaica are permitted to possess only 50 rounds of ammunition per year59

Firearm Registration

Compare
Civilian Gun Registration

In Jamaica, the law requires68 84 82 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

Compare
Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Jamaica, licensed firearm dealers are required85 84 50 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Compare
State-Owned Firearm Records

In Jamaica, State agencies are required86 87 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

Compare
Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Jamaica, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a Firearm Disposal Permit75 88 89

Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Jamaica, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful37 75 89 38 39 40 41

Compare
Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Jamaica, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined73

Compare
Regulation of Gun Shows

In Jamaica, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated73 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Jamaica include77 80 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Jamaica include77 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Jamaica include90 87 91 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Jamaica do not include73 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

Compare
Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Jamaica, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law92 93 94 32

Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Jamaica, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm95 is five years in prison and a fine75 76 96 37 89 38 39 41 92 93 97 47 49

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Jamaica adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed, but not yet ratified98 99 by Jamaica

Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006100 by Jamaica.

Compare
Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified101 by Jamaica

Compare
United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified102 by Jamaica

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Jamaica committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects103 55

Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Jamaica against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 122104 105 106 107 among 159 Member States

Compare
UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Jamaica has submitted one or more national reports108 109 on its implementation of the UNPoA

Compare
UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Jamaica, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated110 109

Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Jamaica, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated111

Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Jamaica submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent109

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated109 by Jamaica to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided109 to Jamaica by other UN Member States

Compare
United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Jamaica has not declared112 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Jamaica has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1962113

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list114 Jamaica as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,115 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

Compare
Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 1,35220
2015: 1,207
2014: 1,005
2013: 2,401
2012: 1,09921 22
2011: 1,133
2010: 1,447
2009: 1,683
2008: 1,61921 22 23 24 25
2007: 1,584
2006: 1,340
2005: 1,67426 21 22 23 24 25
2004: 1,471
2003: 976
2002: 1,045
2001: 1,139
2000: 887
1999: 84926 23 27
1998: 953
1997: 1,031
1996: 925
1995: 78026 23
1994: 69026
1993: 654
1992: 629
1991: 561
1990: 542

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 48.0420
2015: 42.86
2014: 35.66
2013: 85.07
2012: 38.87
2011: 39.99
2010: 50.98
2009: 59.19
2008: 56.86
2007: 55.57
2006: 46.98
2005: 58.67
2004: 51.56
2003: 34.23
2002: 36.67
2001: 40.16
2000: 34.15
1999: 33.423 28
1998: 33.923 28 27
1997: 41.423 27
1996: 37.223 28 27
1995: 31.723
1994: 28.3210
1993: 27.17
1992: 26.45
1991: 23.79
1990: 23.09

Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 1,21520
2015: 1,091
2014: 905
2013: 2,142
2012: 972
2011: 1,014
2010: 1,302
2009: 1,527
2008: 1,454
2007: 1,433
2006: 1,188
2005: 1,488
2004: 1,330
2003: 888
2002: 921
2001: 1,031

Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 87.2520
2015: 78.30
2014: 64.89
2013: 153.36
2012: 69.46
2011: 72.30
2010: 92.63
2009: 108.42
2008: 103.08
2007: 101.47
2006: 84.05
2005: 105.23
2004: 94.05
2003: 62.81
2002: 65.19
2001: 73.33

Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 13720
2015: 116
2014: 100
2013: 259
2012: 127
2011: 119
2010: 145
2009: 156
2008: 165
2007: 151
2006: 152
2005: 186
2004: 141
2003: 88
2002: 124
2001: 108

Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.6420
2015: 8.15
2014: 7.02
2013: 18.17
2012: 8.89
2011: 8.32
2010: 10.12
2009: 10.87
2008: 11.48
2007: 10.50
2006: 10.56
2005: 12.93
2004: 9.80
2003: 6.12
2002: 8.63
2001: 7.55

Compare
Gun Homicides

ChartIn Jamaica, annual firearm homicides total

2016: 1,10029
2015: 975
2014: 714
2013: 883
2012: 773
2011: 792
2010: 1,097
2009: 1,195
2008: 1,246
2007: 1,251
2006: 1,005
2005: 1,27823 30 9
2004: 1,111
2003: 69030 9
2002: 710
2001: 790
2000: 57530
1995: 45019

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 38.2029
2015: 33.90
2014: 24.90
2013: 31
2012: 27.20
2011: 28
2010: 38.90
2009: 42.02
2008: 44.43
2007: 44.96
2006: 36.42
2005: 47.723 30 25
2004: 41.7
2003: 26.330 10
2002: 27.1
2001: 30.3
2000: 22.230
1997: 18.2327
1995: 16.9719

Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Jamaica, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2015: 80%31
2013: 74%21
2012: 71%
2011: 70%21 22 32
2010: 76%21 22
2009: 77%22
2008: 77%
2007: 79%
2006: 75%
2005: 76.3%23
2004: 75.5%
2000: 61%33
1990: 50%

Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Jamaica, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 89929
2014: 670
2013: 815
2012: 707
2011: 728
2010: 1,009
2009: 1,110

Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 62.9029
2014: 47
2013: 57.50
2012: 50.10
2011: 51.80
2010: 72.10
2009: 78.81

Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Jamaica, annual female firearm homicides total

2015: 7629
2014: 44
2013: 68
2012: 66
2011: 64
2010: 88
2009: 85

Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Jamaica, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 5.3029
2014: 3.10
2013: 4.70
2012: 4.60
2011: 4.50
2010: 6.20
2009: 5.92

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Jamaica, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Compare
Disarmament

Authorities in Jamaica are known to have116 117 118 119 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

Compare
Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Jamaica, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2017: 860120
2016: 649120 31
2015: 571121 122
2014: 615121
2013: 726123
2012: 596
2011: 496
2010: 687
2005: 683124
2004: 6209
2003: 517
2002: 481
2001: 546
1999: 4,000118

Compare
Small Arms Destroyed

ChartIn Jamaica, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2015: 1,468121
2010: 6,000125
2004: 10,132117 126
2002: 1,430
1999: 4,000118

Compare
Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Jamaica, it is state policy127 116 117 125 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

Compare
Firearm Marking

In Jamaica, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law44 54 68 128 129 130

Compare
Firearm Tracing

In Jamaica, state authorities carry out131 68 132 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Jamaica, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are133 recorded in a register

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Jamaica ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

4.

Jamaica.2016.‘Gun Numbers.’ Ministry of National Security - Number of Civilian Firearms.Kingston:Ministry of National Security,1 April. (Q11843)Full Citation

5.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

7.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Firearm Oversight.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3388)Full Citation

8.

Jamaica Observer. 2006. ‘Gun Licence Rush.’ 4 April. (N419) Full Citation

9.

Jamaica.2005.‘Action at the National Level.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1525)Full Citation

10.

GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Jamaica.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,16 May. (Q4247)Full Citation

11.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Legally Registered Civilian Firearms.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9208)Full Citation

12.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Civilian Firearms Legally Registered.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5679)Full Citation

13.

GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

14.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

15.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

16.

Jamaica.2016.‘Gun Death and Injury.’ Ministry of National Security - Death and Injury by Firearms.Kingston:Ministry of National Security,1 April. (Q11842)Full Citation

17.

WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

18.

Cukier, Wendy and Victor W Sidel.2006.‘The Global Gun Epidemic: From Saturday Night Specials to AK-47s: The firearm epidemic: Regional variations: North America and the Caribbean.’ The Global Gun Epidemic: From Saturday Night Specials to AK-47s.Westport, CT:Praeger Security International,1 January. (Q11086)Full Citation

19.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

20.

Igarapé Institute.2019.‘Homicides and Homicide Rates 2000 to 2018.’ Homicide Monitor.Rio de Janeiro:Igarapé Institute,28 June. (Q13953)Full Citation

21.

Igarapé Institute.2015.‘Homicides and Homicide Rates 2000 to 2014 - Jamaica.’ Homicide Monitor 2015.Rio de Janeiro:Igarapé Institute,24 June. (Q11115)Full Citation

22.

UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Jamaica.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10116)Full Citation

23.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Jamaica.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6360)Full Citation

24.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide 2000-2011.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9209)Full Citation

25.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

26.

Wortley, Scot, Rosemary Gartner, Randy Seepersad and Andrea McCalla.2006.‘Total Number of Major Crimes and Total Number of Murders Recorded by the Jamaican Government, 1990 to 2005 - Homicide.’ The Jamaican National Crime Victimization Survey.Toronto:Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto,1 January. (Q2145)Full Citation

27.

Kovalski, Serge.1999.‘Murder 'Madness' Bedevils Jamaica: Government struggles to curb wave of slayings and address underlying causes.’ Washington Post Foreign Service.Kingston:Washington Post,27 July. (Q11082)Full Citation

28.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3817)Full Citation

29.

UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

30.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide Committed by Firearms 2000-2010.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9210)Full Citation

31.

Jamaica Observer. 2016. ‘Cops Seize 336 Weapons Under 'Get the Guns' Campaign.’ 12 July. (N645) Full Citation

32.

Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Jamaica.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9609)Full Citation

33.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Background: Violent Crime in Jamaica.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q11087)Full Citation

34.

WHO.2018.‘Violent Death Estimates by Country.’ Disease Burden and Mortality Estimates: Cause-Specific Mortality, 2000–2016.Geneva:World Health Organization,1 January. (Q14136)Full Citation

35.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Suicide 2000-2009.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9206)Full Citation

36.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation

37.

Jamaica.1967.‘General Restrictions Upon Manufacture and Dealing in Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1399)Full Citation

38.

Jamaica.1967.‘Special Restriction Upon Holders of Firearm Manufacturer's or Firearm Dealer's Licences.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11011)Full Citation

39.

Jamaica.1967.‘General Restriction on Repair and Transfer of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11012)Full Citation

40.

Jamaica.1967.‘Restrictions re Gunsmiths.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11013)Full Citation

41.

Jamaica.1967.‘Special Restrictions on Shortening Firearms and Converting Imitation Firearms into Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11014)Full Citation

42.

Jamaica.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13763)Full Citation

43.

Jamaica.2014.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11045)Full Citation

44.

Jamaica.2008.‘Implementation of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 March. (Q1520)Full Citation

45.

Jamaica.2016.‘Regulation of Firearm Makers.’ Ministry of National Security - Gun Industry.Kingston:Ministry of National Security,1 April. (Q11841)Full Citation

46.

Jamaica.2018.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13764)Full Citation

47.

Jamaica.1967.‘Restriction on Importation, Exportation and Transhipment of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1402)Full Citation

48.

Jamaica.2001.‘The Firearms (Amendments) Regulations, 2001.’ Firearms (Amendments) Regulations, 2001.Kingston:The Jamaica Gazette,2 April. (Q11056)Full Citation

49.

Jamaica.2014.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11046)Full Citation

50.

Jamaica.2016.‘Record Keeping (Import and Export).’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,11 April. (Q11864)Full Citation

51.

Jamaica.2008.‘Implementation of the Programme of Action (UNPoA).’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 March. (Q1598)Full Citation

52.

Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat.2017.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ Arms Trade Treaty Annual Report.Geneva:Arms Trade Treaty Secretariat,1 January. (Q13951)Full Citation

53.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

54.

Jamaica.2008.‘Implementation of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 March. (Q1521)Full Citation

55.

Jamaica.2005.‘Introduction.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1524)Full Citation

56.

Jamaica.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13765)Full Citation

57.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Introduction.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3339)Full Citation

58.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Introduction.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3344)Full Citation

59.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Illegal Ammunition.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3345)Full Citation

60.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Introduction.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3346)Full Citation

61.

Jamaica.2018.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13767)Full Citation

62.

Jamaica.2014.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11049)Full Citation

63.

Jamaica.2018.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13766)Full Citation

64.

Jamaica.2014.‘End-user Certificate.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11047)Full Citation

65.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

66.

Jamaica.1967.‘Firearms Act.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 26.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1380)Full Citation

67.

Jamaica.2016.‘Firearm Law.’ Ministry of National Security - Gun Regulation.Kingston:Ministry of National Security,1 April. (Q11840)Full Citation

68.

Jamaica.2008.‘Implementation of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 March. (Q1522)Full Citation

69.

Jamaica.1967.‘Establishment of Authority.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1396)Full Citation

70.

Jamaica.1967.‘Functions of Authority.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11020)Full Citation

71.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

72.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

73.

Jamaica.1967.‘Firearms Act.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q4145)Full Citation

74.

Jamaica.1967.‘Interpretation.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1400)Full Citation

75.

Jamaica.1967.‘Restrictions Upon Acquisition or Disposal of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1397)Full Citation

76.

Jamaica.1967.‘Possession of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11017)Full Citation

77.

Jamaica.1967.‘General Provisions as to Grant and Issue of Licences, Certificates and Permits.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1398)Full Citation

78.

Jamaica.1967.‘Firearm User's (Employee's) Certificate.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11021)Full Citation

79.

Jamaica.1967.‘Declaration of Restricted Person.’ Firearms Act (As Amended in 2010).Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11009)Full Citation

80.

Jamaica.2014.‘Requirements for Firearm Licence.’ Frequently Asked Questions.Kingston:Jamaica Firearm Licensing Authority (FLA),13 June. (Q11083)Full Citation

81.

Jamaica.1967.‘Duration of Licence or Permit.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11024)Full Citation

82.

Kytömäki, Elli, and Valerie Yankey-Wayne.2006.‘Five Years of Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional analysis of the national reports.’ UNDP / UNIDIR / UNDDA / Small Arms Survey.Geneva:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research / UNIDIR,1 June. (Q2067)Full Citation

83.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Country Analyses: Jamaica.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q11604)Full Citation

84.

Jamaica.2016.‘Record Keeping.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,11 April. (Q11861)Full Citation

85.

Jamaica.1967.‘Records and Returns.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11015)Full Citation

86.

Jamaica.2018.‘Record-keeping.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13770)Full Citation

87.

Jamaica.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11050)Full Citation

88.

Jamaica.1967.‘Special Provisions Relating to Firearm Disposal Permit.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11023)Full Citation

89.

Jamaica.1967.‘Restriction on Delivery of Firearm and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11010)Full Citation

90.

Jamaica.2018.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13768)Full Citation

91.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Weapons Storage, Management, and Destruction by Security Forces.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3393)Full Citation

92.

Jamaica.1967.‘General Restriction Upon Carrying Firearms and Ammunition in Public.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q1401)Full Citation

93.

Jamaica.1967.‘Special Restriction on Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition in Public Places.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11018)Full Citation

94.

Jamaica.1967.‘Special Provisions Relating to Firearm User's (Special) Permit.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11022)Full Citation

95.

GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation

96.

Jamaica.1967.‘Penalty for Use of Firearm or Ammunition in Contravention of Terms or Conditions of Licences, Etc..’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11019)Full Citation

97.

Jamaica.1967.‘General Penalty.’ Firearms Act 1967 Regulation, Act 23 of 2010.Kingston:Parliament of Jamaica,16 March. (Q11025)Full Citation

98.

OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation

99.

OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington, DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation

100.

GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation

101.

UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation

102.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

103.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

104.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation

105.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

106.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation

107.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation

108.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

109.

UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation

110.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

111.

Jamaica.2014.‘National Coordination Agency.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11044)Full Citation

112.

UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

113.

UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

114.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

115.

United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation

116.

Jamaica.2008.‘Implementation of the Programme of Action (UNPoA).’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 March. (Q1523)Full Citation

117.

Jamaica.2005.‘Action at the National Level.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1526)Full Citation

118.

Godnick, William and Helena Vasquez.2003.‘Jamaica.’ Small Arms Control in Latin America: Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Control Projects (MISAC).London:International Alert, Security and Peacebuilding Programme,1 March. (Q5562)Full Citation

119.

Jamaica Constabulary Force. 2015. ‘"Get the Guns Campaign" Launch.’ 20 September. (N414) Full Citation

120.

Jamaica.2018.‘Collection.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13771)Full Citation

121.

Jamaica.2016.‘Firearms Collected, Seized and Destroyed.’ Ministry of National Security - Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes.Kingston:Ministry of National Security,1 April. (Q11839)Full Citation

122.

Jamaica.2016.‘Collection.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,11 April. (Q11863)Full Citation

123.

Jamaica.2014.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11052)Full Citation

124.

Diane Abbott. 2006. ‘The Necessity for International Control of Guns.’ Jamaica Observer. 14 May. (N394) Full Citation

125.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Weapons Storage, Management, and Destruction by Security Forces.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3343)Full Citation

126.

Kytömäki, Elli and Valerie Yankey-Wayne.2006.‘Five Years of Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional analysis of the national reports.’ UNDP / UNIDIR / UNDDA / Small Arms Survey.Geneva:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research / UNIDIR,1 June. (Q11085)Full Citation

127.

Jamaica.2014.‘Surplus.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11051)Full Citation

128.

Jamaica.2016.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,11 April. (Q11859)Full Citation

129.

Jamaica.2016.‘Marking.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,11 April. (Q11862)Full Citation

130.

Jamaica.2014.‘Marking.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11053)Full Citation

131.

Jamaica.2016.‘Tracing.’ National Report of Jamaica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations,11 April. (Q11860)Full Citation

132.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Marking and Tracing.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:UN Development Programme / UNDP, UN Institute for Disarmament Research / UNIDIR, UN Office for Disarmament Affairs / UNODA, Small Arms Survey,1 November. (Q1977)Full Citation

133.

Leslie, Glaister.2010.‘Firearm Oversight.’ Confronting the Don: The Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,3 November. (Q3392)Full Citation