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Indonesia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Indonesia is

2017: 82,0001
2010: 49,1572 3
2005: 1,000,0004

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Indonesia is

2017: 0.035
2010: 0.02
2005: 0.42

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Indonesia ranked at No. 1486

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Indonesia ranked at No.2036

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Indonesia is reported to be

2017: 41,1021
2010: 40,9643
2007: 34,1504

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Indonesia is

2017: 0.025
2010: 0.02
2007: 0.01

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,7 but in Indonesia there are estimated to be

2017: 40,8981
2013: 16,0008
2010: 8,1932 3
2005: 965,8504

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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,7 but in Indonesia the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be

2017: 0.025
2013: 0.01

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Indonesia are reported to have 1,711,4509 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Indonesia are reported to have 429,00010 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 11,85311
2015: 11,901
2010: 11,853
2000: 12,328

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 4.5911
2015: 4.65
2010: 4.87
2000: 5.76

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 8,28211
2015: 8,304
2010: 8,509
2000: 8,906

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 6.4111
2015: 6.48
2010: 6.99
2000: 8.34

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 3,57211
2015: 3,597
2010: 3,344
2000: 3,422

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.7711
2015: 2.81
2010: 2.75
2000: 3.19

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 8,97811
2015: 8,886
2010: 8,843
2000: 8,199

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 3.4811
2015: 3.47
2010: 3.63
2000: 3.83

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 6,37011
2015: 6,287
2010: 6,176
2000: 5,591

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 4.9311
2015: 4.91
2010: 5.07
2000: 5.23

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 2,60911
2015: 2,599
2010: 2,667
2000: 2,609

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.0211
2015: 2.03
2010: 2.19
2000: 2.43

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Indonesia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence12 13

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Number of Small Arms Manufactured

The reported annual number of small arms manufactured in Indonesia is between 14,000 and 15,000 firearms per year14

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Indonesia was ranked 'small'15

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Home-made Guns

In Indonesia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate16 17

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Indonesia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law18 19 20

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Indonesia is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 73,00021
2020: 90,000
2019: 468,000
2018: 206,000
2017: 18,000
2016: 6,000
2015: 336,000
2014: 3,684,000
2013: 127,000
2012: 5,771,000
2011: 2,132,000
2010: 4,138,000
2009: 1,168,000
2008: 2,021,000
2007: 749,000
2006: 131,000
2005: 861,000
2004: 39,000
2003: 1,016,000
2002: 1,085,000

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Indonesia was categorized as 'minor'22

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Firearm Imports

In Indonesia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law18 23 19 8 20

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Firearm Imports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Indonesia is reported to be

2008: 1,11524
2007: 400

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Indonesia is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 83,059,00025
2020: 230,685,000
2019: 52,520,000
2018: 139,789,000
2017: 66,725,000
2016: 340,934,000
2015: 169,704,000
2014: 246,234,000
2013: 69,562,000
2012: 97,747,000
2011: 29,389,000
2010: 112,475,000
2009: 5,886,000
2008: 1,765,000
2007: 14,764,000
2006: 648,000
2005: 1,659,000
2004: 7,561,000
2003: 782,000
2002: 1,407,000
2001: 1,000,00026

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Indonesia is high27 28 29

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Indonesia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law30 31

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Indonesia include18 32 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Indonesia is categorised as restrictive33

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Indonesia includes the Law No. 8/1948 On Firearms, Law No. 62/1960 On Gun Licenses, Emergency Law No. 12/1951 On the Illegal Possession of Firearms and Article 49 of the Criminal Code,34 the Law No. 10 of 1995 on Customs, as amended by the Law No. 17 of 200619 and the Decree of the Head of Indonesian National Police No. SKEP/82/II/200423

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Indonesia are regulated by the Indonesian National Police, the Army and the Customs Department under the Ministry of Finance35

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Indonesia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law36 37

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Indonesia, civilians are not allowed to possess any firearms other than certain kinds of handguns and hunting rifles38 39 40

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Indonesia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited40 41

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Indonesia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited38

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Regulation of Handguns

In Indonesia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted for hunting and sport shooting only38 40 41

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Indonesia, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law41

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Indonesia, only high level officials, military and police39 42 41 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Indonesia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, collection, security, self-defence43 8

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Indonesia is 21 years8

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Indonesia must pass a background check which considers criminal, health and mental health8 41 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Indonesia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required44

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Indonesia stipulates45 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Indonesia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required46 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Indonesia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every two years38

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Indonesia, the law requires47 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Indonesia, licensed gun makers are required48 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Indonesia, State agencies are required49 47 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Indonesia include50 8 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Indonesia include49 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Indonesia do not include40 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Indonesia, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law41

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Indonesia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit40

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Indonesia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm51 is 20 years to life imprisonment or the death penalty52 53

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

The UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists54 Indonesia as an elected member

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200655 by Indonesia.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed56 by Indonesia

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed57 by Indonesia

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Indonesia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects58

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Indonesia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 9259 60 61 62 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Indonesia has submitted one or more national reports63 64 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Indonesia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated64

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Indonesia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated65

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Indonesia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent64

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated64 by Indonesia to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided64 to Indonesia by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Indonesia has declared66 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Indonesia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 195067

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list68 Indonesia as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,69 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual homicides by any means total

2016: 11,85311
2015: 11,901
2010: 11,853
2000: 12,328

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 4.5911
2015: 4.65
2010: 4.87
2000: 5.76

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual male homicides by any means total

2016: 8,28211
2015: 8,304
2010: 8,509
2000: 8,906

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 6.4111
2015: 6.48
2010: 6.99
2000: 8.34

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, annual female homicides by any means total

2016: 3,57211
2015: 3,597
2010: 3,344
2000: 3,422

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Indonesia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 2.7711
2015: 2.81
2010: 2.75
2000: 3.19

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Indonesia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Disarmament

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Indonesia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 84070 (2005)

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

In Indonesia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2017: 1,63771

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Indonesia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2017: 1,63771

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Indonesia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law72 48 73

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Firearm Tracing

In Indonesia, state authorities carry out72 48 73 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Indonesia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are (only for military and police)73 recorded in a register

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Indonesia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Indonesia on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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2.

GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Privately Owned Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G1) Full Citation

3.

Jakarta Globe. 2012. ‘Indonesia's Police Won't Stop Issuing Civilian Gun Permits.’ 7 May. (N707) Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2014.‘Calculated Rates - Indonesia.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,29 September. (Q4245)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
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Indonesia.2020.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Indonesia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Indonesia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14557)Full Citation

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