Finland — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Finland is 

2021: 2,138,3631 2
2017: 1,793,0003
2016: 1,650,0001 4
2015: 1,542,3965
2012: 1,555,1006
2010: 1,738,0001 7
2009: 1,738,000{q13232 }1 8
2005: 2,400,0009
: 
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Finland is 

2021: 38.2710
2017: 32.49
2016: 30.01
2015: 28.16
2012: 28.77
2010: 32.46
2005: 45.82
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesChartIn Finland, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 

2015: 424,1445
2010: 665,00011
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsChartIn Finland, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

2015: 579,5005
2010: 600,00012
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsChartIn Finland, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

2015: 226,9685
2010: 250,00013 6
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Finland ranked at No. 4214
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Finland ranked at No.814
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Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a GunIn Finland, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be 

2015: 13%15
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2005: 37.9%16
1999/2003: 23.7%
1995/98: 28.8%
1992: 25.2%17
1992/94: 25.4%16
1989: 25.5%
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Proportion of Households with RiflesIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

1992: 14.6%17
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Proportion of Households with ShotgunsIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

1992: 18.4%17
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

2005: 6.3%16
1999/2003: 6.4%
1995/98: 6.0%
1992/94: 6.3%16 17
1989: 7.2%
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Finland is reported to be 

2009: 672,77218 19
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Finland is 

2009: 12.6220
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Finland is reported to be 

2021: 1,943,9662
2017: 1,542,3963
2016: 1,500,004
2010: 1,580,0007
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Finland is 

2021: 34.7910
2017: 27.95
2016: 27.28
2015: 25.6
2012: 26.15
2010: 29.51
2005: 30.55
: 
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,21 but in Finland there are estimated to be 

2021: 194,3971 2
2017: 250,6043
2016: 150,0001 4
2015: 257,0661
2012: 259,1831
2010: 158,0001 7
2005: 800,0001 9
: 
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,21 but in Finland the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

2021: 3.4810
2017: 4.54
2016: 2.73
2015: 4.69
2012: 4.79
2010: 2.95
2005: 15.27
: 
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Finland are reported to have 474,03022 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Finland are reported to have 14,00023 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

14624
138
143
131
135
177
15725 26 27 28
18425 26 27
19529
206
238
19725 26 27 30
206
184
253
255
229
270
23525 26 31 30
31325 26 27 30
295
346
323 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

2.6524
2.51
2.61
2.40
2.49
3.27
2.92
3.44
3.66
3.88
4.51
3.75
3.93
3.52
4.86
4.91
4.41
5.21
4.55
6.07
5.73
6.74
6.31
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

13824
132
132
128
127
165
143
172
187
189
213
182
192
177
238
236
254
219
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

5.0824
4.88
4.90
4.77
4.76
6.22
5.42
6.55
7.15
7.27
8.24
7.07
7.49
6.93
9.35
9.30
10.04
8.68
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

824
6
11
3
8
12
14
12
8
17
25
15
14
7
15
19
16
16
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.2924
0.21
0.40
0.11
0.29
0.44
0.51
0.44
0.29
0.63
0.93
0.56
0.52
0.26
0.56
0.72
0.60
0.60
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual homicides by any means total 

9132
5
12
6
9
12
11
15
17
16
15
24
30
24
19
12
146
105
132
156
148
14333
113
13933 34
153
146 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.6432
1.59
1.56
1.22
1.35
1.50
1.61
1.64
1.63
2.04
2.22
2.25
2.51
2.44
2.3
2.2
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.833
2.2
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.2435
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual male homicides by any means total 

8932
124
74
99
132
61
65
48
73
91
86
89
81
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.1332
2.28
1.36
1.92
2.45
2.27
2.43
1.80
2.76
3.46
3.28
3.41
3.12
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual female homicides by any means total 

4132
48
60
42
32
27
24
40
37
28
34
44
48
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.0732
0.86
1.07
0.79
0.57
0.97
0.87
1.45
1.35
1.02
1.25
1.62
1.78
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual firearm homicides total 

532
12
6
932
12
1125
15
17
16
15
2225 36 33
30
23
17
11
3025 33
18
2025
30
32
33
2225 33
4025
34 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0932
0.22
0.11
0.16
0.22
0.20
0.28
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.41
0.57
0.44
0.32
0.21
0.5725 33
0.35
0.3825
0.58
0.62
0.64
0.4325 33
0.7825
0.66
0.8637
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Finland, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

19%36
14%36 38
12%36
20%36
23%
19%
10%
25%
19.6%33
18%
19.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual male firearm homicides total 

232
10
9
9
8
10
12
12
12
10
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1032
0.40
0.26
0.34
0.26
0.38
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.39
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual female firearm homicides total 

732
224
2
6
9
6
3
10
18
13
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3032
0.0724
0.14
0.22
0.33
0.20
0.11
0.37
0.67
0.48
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Handgun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual handgun homicides total 

225
5
3
2
7
8
14
9
3
2
6
5
10
6
9
9
7
18
17 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0425
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.13
0.15
0.26
0.17
0.06
0.04
0.11
0.10
0.19
0.12
0.17
0.17
0.14
0.35
0.33
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Long Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual long gun homicides total 

525
6
9
2
5
7
8
5
7
4
15
11
9
13
12
14
6
22
13 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0925
0.11
0.17
0.04
0.09
0.13
0.15
0.09
0.13
0.08
0.29
0.21
0.17
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.12
0.43
0.25
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Gun Homicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual gun homicides (other) total 

425
4
4
14
2
7
8
9
7
5
9
2
1
11
11
10
9
4 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0725
0.07
0.07
0.26
0.04
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.13
0.10
0.17
0.04
0.02
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.08
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual suicides by any means total 

93924
950
914
848
905
1,047
1,011
1,073
1,130
1,213
1,239
1,165
1,244
1,160
1,282
1,305
1,437
1,363
1,22831 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

024
16.96
17.22
16.62
15.48
16.59
19.28
18.70
19.95
21.10
22.76
23.36
22.06
23.66
22.15
24.56
25.07
27.74
26.37
23.5831
27.2639
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual male suicides by any means total 

74624
736
738
674
713
820
788
869
890
934
1,000
919
980
887
1,023
1,035
1,165
1,066
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

27.3624
27.09
27.27
25.02
26.59
30.73
29.68
32.91
33.88
35.74
38.47
35.54
38.08
34.61
40.07
40.67
46.06
42.27
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual female suicides by any means total 

19324
214
176
174
192
227
223
204
240
279
239
246
264
273
259
270
272
297
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.8724
7.64
6.30
6.25
6.93
8.22
8.11
7.45
8.80
10.27
8.83
9.13
9.83
10.21
9.71
10.15
10.26
11.22
Compare
Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual firearm suicides total 

13024
129
128
119
122
160
13926 28
16526
179
181
207
172
183
169
219
232
205
234
200
268
267
302
278 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

2.3624
2.35
2.34
2.18
2.25
2.96
2.58
3.08
3.36
3.41
3.92
3.27
3.49
3.24
4.21
4.47
3.94
4.52
3.87
5.19
5.18
5.88
5.43
5.7840
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual male firearm suicides total 

12924
126
124
118
118
154
134
161
174
174
200
170
178
165
212
222
232
193
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

4.7324
4.64
4.58
4.38
4.40
5.77
5.05
6.10
6.62
6.66
7.69
6.57
6.92
6.44
8.30
8.72
9.17
7.65
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual female firearm suicides total 

124
3
4
1
4
6
5
4
5
7
7
2
5
4
7
10
2
7
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
0.11
0.14
0.04
0.14
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.18
0.26
0.26
0.07
0.19
0.15
0.26
0.38
0.08
0.26
Compare
Handgun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual handgun suicides total 

326
1
51
55
58
62
57
67
54
54
73
64
63
79
61
76
86
98
104 
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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0526
0.02
0.94
1.02
1.08
1.16
1.07
1.27
1.03
1.03
1.40
1.23
1.21
1.52
1.18
1.47
1.67
1.91
2.03
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, the number of long gun suicides is 

4726
51
78
104
110
109
140
97
120
112
139
156
130
146
125
172
152
199
168 
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Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.8626
0.94
1.44
1.93
2.05
2.04
2.63
1.83
2.28
2.13
2.66
2.99
2.50
2.81
2.41
3.33
2.95
3.87
3.28
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual gun suicides (other) total 

626
3
10
6
11
10
10
8
9
3
7
12
12
9
14
20
29
5
6 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.1126
0.06
0.18
0.11
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.15
0.17
0.06
0.13
0.23
0.23
0.17
0.27
0.39
0.56
0.10
0.12
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

224
2
1
1
127
0
227 28
127
1
1
4
1
2
3
3
2
031
627
3
2
3 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02

0.04
0.02
0.02


0.02
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.04

0.1227
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.1241
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

124
2
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
4
1
2
3
2
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.16
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.08
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

124
0
0
0
0
0
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
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Unintentional Handgun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

127
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0227
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

127
2
1
3
1
1
2
2
5
2
1
2 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0227
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.10
0.04
0.02
0.04
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.In Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

127
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0227
Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

224
1
5
1
130
2
0
0
1
3
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
4
3
6
3
2
8 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

024
0.04
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.02
0.04
0
0
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.08
0.06
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.16
0.1042
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Finland, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

124
5
124
124
2
0
0
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
3
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
0.18
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.11
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.12
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Finland, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

124
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
Compare
Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

130
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0230
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

130
2
1
1
3
2
4
2
6 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0230
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.12
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

130
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0230
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Compare
Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

124
1
1 
Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0224
0.02
0.02
Compare
Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Finland, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

124
1
1
Compare
Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0424
0.04
0.04

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Finland, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence43 44 45 46 47
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Finland was ranked 'small'48
Compare
Home-made GunsIn Finland, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low49 5051

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Finland, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Finland is reported by manufacturers to be 

44463
2,914
161,289
1,413
1,448
1,050
1,28964
1,455
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Finland is reported by Customs to be US$

130,145,00065
92,565,000
94,022,000
90,443,000
87,432,000
87,127,000
85,722,000
92,884,000
93,103,000
70,574,000
61,428,000
54,464,000
63,433,000
58,937,000
47,614,000
44,310,000
43,898,000
33,688,000
29,138,000
24,386,000
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Finland was categorized as 'major'66 67 68
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn Finland, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law69 54 70 71 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 72 73
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Finland is reported to be 

6963
101,703
21,135
51
67064
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Finland is reported by Customs to be US$

29,654,00074
24,075,000
24,653,000
26,095,000
23,404,000
25,447,000
21,910,000
26,044,000
24,368,000
22,898,000
17,700,000
25,635,000
23,240,000
46,073,000
28,478,000
22,645,000
24,313,000
14,091,000
15,123,000
11,516,000
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Finland is low75 76
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Finland, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law77 78 79 80 61 62 81
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Finland include82 83 84 85 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Finland scored 

14.25
14.7586
14.5087
14.7588
14.7589
14.2590
14.2591
14.0092
14.2593
15.0094
15.0095
14.7596
15.0097
15.5098
14.7599 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Finland is categorised as restrictive100
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Finland includes the Firearms Act and Decree of 1998,101 45 the Act on the Export and Transit of Defence Materiel,102 the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons,103 104 the European Union Firearms Regulation of 2012, the Common Position on the Control of Arms Brokering of 2003,105 and the Convention of 1 July 1969 on Reciprocal Recognition of Proofmarks on Small Arms106
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Finland are regulated by the Ministry of the Interior and the local Police,107 108 109 and the European Commission110
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn Finland, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law111 112 113
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Finland, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, disguised firearms, armour piercing and incendiary ammunition114 115 116 117
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Finland, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with few exceptions118 114 115 119 38
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Finland, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence in some cases118 119 120 121 122
Compare
Regulation of HandgunsIn Finland, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence in some cases118 114 123 120 121 122 38
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn Finland,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law38
Compare
Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Finland, only licensed gun owners54 124 125 126 123 120 38 127 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Finland are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, gun collecting, employment requirements128 118 129 130 131 132 133 134
Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Finland is 18 years, or 15 years with parental consent129 132 135
Compare
Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Finland must pass a background check which considers criminal background136 132 38 137 records
Compare
Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Finland, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required101 138
Compare
Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Finland does not stipulate113 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
Compare
Firearm Safety TrainingIn Finland, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required (in the workplace)129 139 for a firearm licence
Compare
Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Finland gun owners are licensed for an indefinite period domestically140 141 and five years for a European Firearms Pass127
Compare
Licensing RecordsIn Finland, authorities maintain a record142 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Finland are permitted to possess  up to a maximum of 10 firearms113 143
Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Finland are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition113 59 144
Firearm Registration
Compare
Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Finland, the law requires142 145 119 146 147 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Compare
Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Finland, licensed firearm dealers are required148 119 146 149 147 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Finland, licensed gun makers are required45 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
Compare
State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Finland, State agencies are required145 150 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
Compare
Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Finland, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a permit151 81 47 152 
Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Finland, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful43 153 154 155 54 79 121 81 85 152 
Compare
Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Finland is obliged85 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Finland, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated113 134 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Finland include156 157 158 129 62 159 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Finland include160 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Finland include161 162 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Finland include156 163 73 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Finland, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited, except for an authorised work assignment164 165 38 166
Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Finland, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited, except for an authorised work assignment164 165 38
Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Finland, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm167 is two years in prison168 169

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
European UnionAs a member of the European Union, Finland is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament170 171
European Union Export ReportingUnder the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Finland is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Finland has submitted one or more national reports172 on its arms transfers
Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006173 by Finland.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified174 by Finland
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified175 by Finland
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Finland committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects176
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Finland against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 9177 178 179 180 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Finland has submitted one or more national reports181 182 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Finland, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated182
Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Finland, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated183
Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Finland submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent184 182
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated182 by Finland to other UN Member States
Compare
United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Finland has declared185 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Finland has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1955186
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists187 Finland as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,188 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual homicides by any means total 

9132
5
12
6
9
12
11
15
17
16
15
24
30
24
19
12
146
105
132
156
148
14333
113
13933 34
153
146 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.6432
1.59
1.56
1.22
1.35
1.50
1.61
1.64
1.63
2.04
2.22
2.25
2.51
2.44
2.3
2.2
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.833
2.2
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.2435
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual male homicides by any means total 

8932
124
74
99
132
61
65
48
73
91
86
89
81
Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.1332
2.28
1.36
1.92
2.45
2.27
2.43
1.80
2.76
3.46
3.28
3.41
3.12
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual female homicides by any means total 

4132
48
60
42
32
27
24
40
37
28
34
44
48
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.0732
0.86
1.07
0.79
0.57
0.97
0.87
1.45
1.35
1.02
1.25
1.62
1.78
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Finland, annual firearm homicides total 

532
12
6
932
12
1125
15
17
16
15
2225 36 33
30
23
17
11
3025 33
18
2025
30
32
33
2225 33
4025
34 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0932
0.22
0.11
0.16
0.22
0.20
0.28
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.41
0.57
0.44
0.32
0.21
0.5725 33
0.35
0.3825
0.58
0.62
0.64
0.4325 33
0.7825
0.66
0.8637
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Finland, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

19%36
14%36 38
12%36
20%36
23%
19%
10%
25%
19.6%33
18%
19.5%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual male firearm homicides total 

232
10
9
9
8
10
12
12
12
10
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1032
0.40
0.26
0.34
0.26
0.38
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.39
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual female firearm homicides total 

732
224
2
6
9
6
3
10
18
13
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3032
0.0724
0.14
0.22
0.33
0.20
0.11
0.37
0.67
0.48
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Finland, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Compare
DisarmamentAuthorities in Finland are known to have189 190 191 192 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Surrendered in Gun AmnestyIn Finland, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 

2004-2010: 25,000193
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Finland, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

7,8062
16,445194
23,190
21,702195
13,123143
3,675
3,149196
2,642
3,023
2,783
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Finland, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

16,617194
23,133
21,658195 197
14,587
6,677198
6,338189
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Finland, it is state policy199 200 189 201  to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Finland, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law202 203 145 204 205 206 46 134
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Finland, state authorities carry out202 203 205 146 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Finland, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally113 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Finland ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Finland on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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11.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Rifles in Civilian Possession.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2876)Full Citation
12.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Shotguns in Civilian Possession.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2877)Full Citation
13.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Handguns in Civilian Possession.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2872)Full Citation
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Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
22.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
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40.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation
41.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation
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167.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
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168.: Finland.1998.‘Firearm Offence.’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up to 804/2003 included).Helsinki:Ministry of the Interior,1 March. (Q2022)Full Citation
169.: European Commission.2014.‘Sanctions.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12307)Full Citation
170.: European Parliament.2007.‘Roll-call Vote: EU Firearms Directive.’ Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons.Brussels:VoteWatch.eu,29 November. (Q1346)Full Citation
171.: EU Parliament.2007.‘Draft Legislative Resolution on the EU Parliament Firearms Directive 2007.’ Report on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.Brussels:European Parliament,12 July. (Q1970)Full Citation
172.: Saferworld.2010.‘EU Arms Transfer Reporting Database.’ Saferworld European Union Arms Transfer Reporting Database.London:Saferworld,9 December. (Q3364)Full Citation
173.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
174.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
175.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
176.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
177.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
178.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
179.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
180.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
181.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
182.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
183.: Finland.2010.‘National Coordination Group of SALW Experts.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2039)Full Citation
184.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
185.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - Transparency in the Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
186.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
187.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
188.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
189.: Finland.2010.‘Collection and Disposal.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2043)Full Citation
190.: Finland.1998.‘Section 84 Private Transfer Licence (Ampuma-aseen, aseen osan, patruunoiden ja erityisen vaarallisten ammusten luovuttaminen).’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up 1249/2020 included).Helsinki:Minister of the Interior,1 March. (Q15143)Full Citation
191.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Box 4: Collection policies in Croatia and Finland.’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15461)Full Citation
192.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Table 3: Collection Policies in Europe (1991-2019).’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15464)Full Citation
193.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Box 4: Collection policies in Croatia and Finland.’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15462)Full Citation
194.: Finland.2020.‘Collection.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14551)Full Citation
195.: Finland.2018.‘Collection.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13541)Full Citation
196.: Karp, Aaron, Nicholas Marsh and Giorgio Ravagli.2015.‘Number of Firearms Reported Seized by Police, 2010-2013.’ UNODC Study on Firearms 2015.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),3 July. (Q10542)Full Citation
197.: Finland.2018.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13542)Full Citation
198.: Finland.2012.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12682)Full Citation
199.: Finland.2016.‘Surplus.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,31 March. (Q12680)Full Citation
200.: Finland.2010.‘Management and Security of National Stockpiles, Destruction of Surplus.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2042)Full Citation
201.: Finland.1998.‘Section 85 Entities Entitled to Permanent Transfer (Pysyvään luovuttamiseen oikeutetut).’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up 1249/2020 included).Helsinki:Minister of the Interior,1 March. (Q15145)Full Citation
202.: Finland.2010.‘International Tracing Instrument / ITI.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2037)Full Citation
203.: Finland.2010.‘International Tracing Instrument / ITI.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2038)Full Citation
204.: Finland.2016.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,31 March. (Q12678)Full Citation
205.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 4(1)-(3).’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14623)Full Citation
206.: European Commission.2014.‘Marking Requirement in National Illicit Firearms Trafficking Legislation.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12315)Full Citation

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