Finland — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Finland is 

2017: 1,793,0001
2015: 1,542,3962
2012: 1,555,1003
2009: 1,738,0004 5 6
2005: 2,400,0007
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Finland is 

2017: 32.401
2012: 29.003
2009: 32.618 9 6
2005: 45.77
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesChartIn Finland, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 

2015: 424,1442
2010: 665,00010
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsChartIn Finland, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

2015: 579,5002
2010: 600,00011
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsChartIn Finland, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

2015: 226,9682
2010: 250,00012 3
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2017 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Finland ranked at No. 4213
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2017 comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Finland ranked at No.813
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Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a GunIn Finland, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be 

2015: 13%14
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2005: 37.9%15
1999/2003: 23.7%
1995/98: 28.8%
1992: 25.2%16
1992/94: 25.4%15
1989: 25.5%
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Proportion of Households with RiflesIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

1992: 14.6%16
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Proportion of Households with ShotgunsIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

1992: 18.4%16
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Finland, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

2005: 6.3%15
1999/2003: 6.4%
1995/98: 6.0%
1992/94: 6.3%15 16
1989: 7.2%
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Finland is reported to be 

2009: 672,77217 18
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Finland is 

2009: 12.628
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Finland is reported to be 

2021: 1,943,96619
2017: 1,542,3961
2016: 1,500,0020
2010: 1,580,00021
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Finland is 

2010: 30.022
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,23 but in Finland there are estimated to be 

2017: 250,6041
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,23 but in Finland the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

2009: 2.968
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Finland are reported to have 474,03024 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Finland are reported to have 14,00025 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

14626
138
143
131
135
177
15727 28 29 30
18427 28 29
19531
206
238
19727 28 29 32
206
184
253
255
229
270
23527 28 33 32
31327 28 29 32
295
346
323 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

2.6526
2.51
2.61
2.40
2.49
3.27
2.92
3.44
3.66
3.88
4.51
3.75
3.93
3.52
4.86
4.91
4.41
5.21
4.55
6.07
5.73
6.74
6.31
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

13826
132
132
128
127
165
143
172
187
189
213
182
192
177
238
236
254
219
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

5.0826
4.88
4.90
4.77
4.76
6.22
5.42
6.55
7.15
7.27
8.24
7.07
7.49
6.93
9.35
9.30
10.04
8.68
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

826
6
11
3
8
12
14
12
8
17
25
15
14
7
15
19
16
16
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.2926
0.21
0.40
0.11
0.29
0.44
0.51
0.44
0.29
0.63
0.93
0.56
0.52
0.26
0.56
0.72
0.60
0.60
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual homicides by any means total 

9134
5
12
6
9
12
11
15
17
16
15
24
30
24
19
12
146
105
132
156
148
14335
113
13935 36
153
146 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.6434
1.59
1.56
1.22
1.35
1.50
1.61
1.64
1.63
2.04
2.22
2.25
2.51
2.44
2.3
2.2
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.835
2.2
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.2437
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual male homicides by any means total 

8934
124
74
99
132
61
65
48
73
91
86
89
81
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.1334
2.28
1.36
1.92
2.45
2.27
2.43
1.80
2.76
3.46
3.28
3.41
3.12
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual female homicides by any means total 

4134
48
60
42
32
27
24
40
37
28
34
44
48
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.0734
0.86
1.07
0.79
0.57
0.97
0.87
1.45
1.35
1.02
1.25
1.62
1.78
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual firearm homicides total 

534
12
6
934
12
1127
15
17
16
15
2227 38 35
30
23
17
11
3027 35
18
2027
30
32
33
2227 35
4027
34 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0934
0.22
0.11
0.16
0.22
0.20
0.28
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.41
0.57
0.44
0.32
0.21
0.5727 35
0.35
0.3827
0.58
0.62
0.64
0.4327 35
0.7827
0.66
0.8639
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Finland, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

19%38
14%38 40
12%38
20%38
23%
19%
10%
25%
19.6%35
18%
19.5%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual male firearm homicides total 

234
10
9
9
8
10
12
12
12
10
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1034
0.40
0.26
0.34
0.26
0.38
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.39
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual female firearm homicides total 

734
226
2
6
9
6
3
10
18
13
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3034
0.0726
0.14
0.22
0.33
0.20
0.11
0.37
0.67
0.48
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Handgun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual handgun homicides total 

227
5
3
2
7
8
14
9
3
2
6
5
10
6
9
9
7
18
17 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0427
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.13
0.15
0.26
0.17
0.06
0.04
0.11
0.10
0.19
0.12
0.17
0.17
0.14
0.35
0.33
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Long Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual long gun homicides total 

527
6
9
2
5
7
8
5
7
4
15
11
9
13
12
14
6
22
13 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0927
0.11
0.17
0.04
0.09
0.13
0.15
0.09
0.13
0.08
0.29
0.21
0.17
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.12
0.43
0.25
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Gun Homicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual gun homicides (other) total 

427
4
4
14
2
7
8
9
7
5
9
2
1
11
11
10
9
4 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0727
0.07
0.07
0.26
0.04
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.13
0.10
0.17
0.04
0.02
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.08
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual suicides by any means total 

93926
950
914
848
905
1,047
1,011
1,073
1,130
1,213
1,239
1,165
1,244
1,160
1,282
1,305
1,437
1,363
1,22833 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

026
16.96
17.22
16.62
15.48
16.59
19.28
18.70
19.95
21.10
22.76
23.36
22.06
23.66
22.15
24.56
25.07
27.74
26.37
23.5833
27.2641
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual male suicides by any means total 

74626
736
738
674
713
820
788
869
890
934
1,000
919
980
887
1,023
1,035
1,165
1,066
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

27.3626
27.09
27.27
25.02
26.59
30.73
29.68
32.91
33.88
35.74
38.47
35.54
38.08
34.61
40.07
40.67
46.06
42.27
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual female suicides by any means total 

19326
214
176
174
192
227
223
204
240
279
239
246
264
273
259
270
272
297
Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.8726
7.64
6.30
6.25
6.93
8.22
8.11
7.45
8.80
10.27
8.83
9.13
9.83
10.21
9.71
10.15
10.26
11.22
Compare
Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual firearm suicides total 

13026
129
128
119
122
160
13928 30
16528
179
181
207
172
183
169
219
232
205
234
200
268
267
302
278 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

2.3626
2.35
2.34
2.18
2.25
2.96
2.58
3.08
3.36
3.41
3.92
3.27
3.49
3.24
4.21
4.47
3.94
4.52
3.87
5.19
5.18
5.88
5.43
5.7842
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual male firearm suicides total 

12926
126
124
118
118
154
134
161
174
174
200
170
178
165
212
222
232
193
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

4.7326
4.64
4.58
4.38
4.40
5.77
5.05
6.10
6.62
6.66
7.69
6.57
6.92
6.44
8.30
8.72
9.17
7.65
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual female firearm suicides total 

126
3
4
1
4
6
5
4
5
7
7
2
5
4
7
10
2
7
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
0.11
0.14
0.04
0.14
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.18
0.26
0.26
0.07
0.19
0.15
0.26
0.38
0.08
0.26
Compare
Handgun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual handgun suicides total 

328
1
51
55
58
62
57
67
54
54
73
64
63
79
61
76
86
98
104 
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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0528
0.02
0.94
1.02
1.08
1.16
1.07
1.27
1.03
1.03
1.40
1.23
1.21
1.52
1.18
1.47
1.67
1.91
2.03
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, the number of long gun suicides is 

4728
51
78
104
110
109
140
97
120
112
139
156
130
146
125
172
152
199
168 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.8628
0.94
1.44
1.93
2.05
2.04
2.63
1.83
2.28
2.13
2.66
2.99
2.50
2.81
2.41
3.33
2.95
3.87
3.28
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual gun suicides (other) total 

628
3
10
6
11
10
10
8
9
3
7
12
12
9
14
20
29
5
6 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.1128
0.06
0.18
0.11
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.15
0.17
0.06
0.13
0.23
0.23
0.17
0.27
0.39
0.56
0.10
0.12
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

226
2
1
1
129
0
229 30
129
1
1
4
1
2
3
3
2
033
629
3
2
3 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02

0.04
0.02
0.02


0.02
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.04

0.1229
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.1243
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

126
2
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
4
1
2
3
2
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.16
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.08
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Finland, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

126
0
0
0
0
0
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
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Unintentional Handgun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

129
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0229
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

129
2
1
3
1
1
2
2
5
2
1
2 
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Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0229
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.10
0.04
0.02
0.04
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.In Finland, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

129
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleIn Finland, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0229
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

226
1
5
1
132
2
0
0
1
3
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
4
3
6
3
2
8 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

026
0.04
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.02
0.04
0
0
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.08
0.06
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.16
0.1044
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Finland, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

126
5
126
126
2
0
0
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
3
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
0.18
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.11
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.12
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Finland, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

126
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
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Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

132
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0232
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

132
2
1
1
3
2
4
2
6 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0232
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.12
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

132
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0232
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Compare
Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Finland, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

126
1
1 
Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0226
0.02
0.02
Compare
Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Finland, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

126
1
1
Compare
Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0426
0.04
0.04

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Finland, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence45 46 47 48 49
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Finland was ranked 'small'50
Compare
Home-made GunsIn Finland, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low51 5253

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Finland, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Finland is reported by manufacturers to be 

44465
2,914
161,289
1,413
1,448
1,050
1,28966
1,455
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Finland is reported by Customs to be US$

130,145,00067
92,565,000
94,022,000
90,443,000
87,432,000
87,127,000
85,722,000
92,884,000
93,103,000
70,574,000
61,428,000
54,464,000
63,433,000
58,937,000
47,614,000
44,310,000
43,898,000
33,688,000
29,138,000
24,386,000
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Finland was categorized as 'major'68 69 70
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn Finland, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law71 56 72 73 57 58 59 60 61 63 64 74 75
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Finland is reported to be 

6965
101,703
21,135
51
67066
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Finland is reported by Customs to be US$

29,654,00076
24,075,000
24,653,000
26,095,000
23,404,000
25,447,000
21,910,000
26,044,000
24,368,000
22,898,000
17,700,000
25,635,000
23,240,000
46,073,000
28,478,000
22,645,000
24,313,000
14,091,000
15,123,000
11,516,000
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Finland is low77 78
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Finland, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law79 80 81 82 63 64 83
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Finland include84 85 86 87 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Finland scored 

14.25
14.7588
14.5089
14.7590
14.7591
14.2592
14.2593
14.0094
14.2595
15.0096
15.0097
14.7598
15.0099
15.50100
14.75101 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Finland is categorised as restrictive102
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Finland includes the Firearms Act and Decree of 1998,103 47 the Act on the Export and Transit of Defence Materiel,104 the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons,105 106 the European Union Firearms Regulation of 2012, the Common Position on the Control of Arms Brokering of 2003,107 and the Convention of 1 July 1969 on Reciprocal Recognition of Proofmarks on Small Arms108
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Finland are regulated by the Ministry of the Interior and the local Police,109 110 111 and the European Commission112
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn Finland, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law113 114 115
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Finland, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, disguised firearms, armour piercing and incendiary ammunition116 117 118 119
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Finland, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with few exceptions120 116 117 121 40
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Finland, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence in some cases120 121 122 123 124
Compare
Regulation of HandgunsIn Finland, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence in some cases120 116 125 122 123 124 40
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn Finland,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law40
Compare
Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Finland, only licensed gun owners56 126 127 128 125 122 40 129 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Finland are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, gun collecting, employment requirements130 120 131 132 133 134 135 136
Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Finland is 18 years, or 15 years with parental consent131 134 137
Compare
Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Finland must pass a background check which considers criminal background138 134 40 139 records
Compare
Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Finland, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required103 140
Compare
Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Finland does not stipulate115 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
Compare
Firearm Safety TrainingIn Finland, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required (in the workplace)131 141 for a firearm licence
Compare
Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Finland gun owners are licensed for an indefinite period domestically142 143 and five years for a European Firearms Pass129
Compare
Licensing RecordsIn Finland, authorities maintain a record144 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Finland are permitted to possess  up to a maximum of 10 firearms115 145
Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Finland are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition115 61 146
Firearm Registration
Compare
Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Finland, the law requires144 147 121 148 149 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Compare
Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Finland, licensed firearm dealers are required150 121 148 151 149 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Finland, licensed gun makers are required47 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
Compare
State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Finland, State agencies are required147 152 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
Compare
Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Finland, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a permit153 83 49 154 
Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Finland, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful45 155 156 157 56 81 123 83 87 154 
Compare
Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Finland is obliged87 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Finland, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated115 136 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Finland include158 159 160 131 64 161 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Finland include162 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Finland include163 164 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Finland include158 165 75 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Finland, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited, except for an authorised work assignment166 167 40 168
Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Finland, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited, except for an authorised work assignment166 167 40
Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Finland, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm169 is two years in prison170 171

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
European UnionAs a member of the European Union, Finland is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament172 173
European Union Export ReportingUnder the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Finland is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Finland has submitted one or more national reports174 on its arms transfers
Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006175 by Finland.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified176 by Finland
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified177 by Finland
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Finland committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects178
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Finland against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 9179 180 181 182 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Finland has submitted one or more national reports183 184 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Finland, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated184
Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Finland, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated185
Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Finland submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent186 184
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated184 by Finland to other UN Member States
Compare
United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Finland has declared187 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Finland has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1955188
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists189 Finland as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,190 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual homicides by any means total 

9134
5
12
6
9
12
11
15
17
16
15
24
30
24
19
12
146
105
132
156
148
14335
113
13935 36
153
146 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.6434
1.59
1.56
1.22
1.35
1.50
1.61
1.64
1.63
2.04
2.22
2.25
2.51
2.44
2.3
2.2
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.835
2.2
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.2437
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual male homicides by any means total 

8934
124
74
99
132
61
65
48
73
91
86
89
81
Compare
Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.1334
2.28
1.36
1.92
2.45
2.27
2.43
1.80
2.76
3.46
3.28
3.41
3.12
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Finland, annual female homicides by any means total 

4134
48
60
42
32
27
24
40
37
28
34
44
48
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.0734
0.86
1.07
0.79
0.57
0.97
0.87
1.45
1.35
1.02
1.25
1.62
1.78
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Finland, annual firearm homicides total 

534
12
6
934
12
1127
15
17
16
15
2227 38 35
30
23
17
11
3027 35
18
2027
30
32
33
2227 35
4027
34 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0934
0.22
0.11
0.16
0.22
0.20
0.28
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.41
0.57
0.44
0.32
0.21
0.5727 35
0.35
0.3827
0.58
0.62
0.64
0.4327 35
0.7827
0.66
0.8639
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Finland, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

19%38
14%38 40
12%38
20%38
23%
19%
10%
25%
19.6%35
18%
19.5%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual male firearm homicides total 

234
10
9
9
8
10
12
12
12
10
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1034
0.40
0.26
0.34
0.26
0.38
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.39
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Finland, annual female firearm homicides total 

734
226
2
6
9
6
3
10
18
13
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Finland, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3034
0.0726
0.14
0.22
0.33
0.20
0.11
0.37
0.67
0.48
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Finland, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Compare
DisarmamentAuthorities in Finland are known to have191 192 193 194 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Surrendered in Gun AmnestyIn Finland, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 

2004-2010: 25,000195
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Finland, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

7,80619
16,445196
23,190
21,702197
13,123145
3,675
3,149198
2,642
3,023
2,783
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Finland, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

16,617196
23,133
21,658197 199
14,587
6,677200
6,338191
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Finland, it is state policy201 202 191 203  to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Finland, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law204 205 147 206 207 208 48 136
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Finland, state authorities carry out204 205 207 148 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Finland, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally115 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Finland ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Finland on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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2.: Finland.2015.‘Firearms by Type, Entire Country.’ Finland Firearm Distribution Statistics 2018.Helsinki:Police Administration / Armed Forces,1 December. (Q13466)Full Citation
3.: Helsingin Sanomat (Finland). 2012. ‘Helsinki Region Has Lower Per-capita Gun Ownership Than Rest of Finland.’ 7 June. (N270) Full Citation
4.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms and of Privately Owned Firearms - Finland.’ Number of Registered Firearms, Finland.Sydney:GunPolicy.org,15 December. (Q13232)Full Citation
5.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Privately Owned Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G1) Full Citation
6.: UNODC.2010.‘Value of the Global Firearms Market (Licit and Illicit).’ The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment (TOCTA).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 June. (Q13189)Full Citation
7.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
8.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Finland.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,20 December. (Q4235)Full Citation
9.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G6) Full Citation
10.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Rifles in Civilian Possession.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2876)Full Citation
11.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Shotguns in Civilian Possession.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2877)Full Citation
12.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Handguns in Civilian Possession.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2872)Full Citation
13.: GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation
14.: Directorate-General for Home Affairs.2015.‘Firearms Ownership - Firearms in the EU.’ Flash Eurobarometer 383: Firearms in the European Union.Brussels:European Commission,19 January. (Q13506)Full Citation
15.: van Dijk, Jan, John van Kesteren and Paul Smit.2007.‘Ownership of Firearms and Handguns in Countries and Main Cities (percentages): 1989-2005 ICVS and 2005 EU ICS.’ Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key findings from the 2004-2005 ICVS and EU ICS.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,1 January. (Q11798)Full Citation
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17.: Finland.2009.‘Weapon Statistics.’ Ministry of the Interior, Police Department, Lottery and Firearms Administration.Helsinki:Ministry of the Interior,23 January. (Q2049)Full Citation
18.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Licensed Gun Owners in Finland.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2875)Full Citation
19.: Finland.2021.‘Registered Firearms and Firearms Confiscated in Finland.’ Response to GunPolicy.org Outreach to UNPOA National Point of Contact 2021.Helsinki:Finland,21 July. (Q14411)Full Citation
20.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Box 4: Collection policies in Croatia and Finland.’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15460)Full Citation
21.: Finland.2010.‘Number of Registered Guns in Finland.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2873)Full Citation
22.: Finland.2010.‘Rate of Private Gun Ownership in Finland.’ Personal communication from the Unit for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.Helsinki:Firearms Administration, National Police Board of Finland,13 October. (Q2874)Full Citation
23.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
24.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
25.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
26.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation
27.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Homicide in Finland.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,18 July. (Q6072)Full Citation
28.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Suicide in Finland.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,18 July. (Q6142)Full Citation
29.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Unintentional Gun Deaths in Finland.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,18 July. (Q6182)Full Citation
30.: Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation
31.: WHO.2011.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Total Firearm Death.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,15 September. (Q5684)Full Citation
32.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death - Gun Death from Undetermined Cause in Finland.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,18 July. (Q6443)Full Citation
33.: Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation
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35.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Finland.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6217)Full Citation
36.: Barclay, Gordon, Cynthia Tavares and Arsalaan Siddique.2001.‘Crimes Recorded by Police: Homicide.’ International Comparisons of Criminal Justice Statistics 1999.London:UK Home Office,1 May. (Q2143)Full Citation
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39.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1297)Full Citation
40.: Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Finland.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9491)Full Citation
41.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation
42.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation
43.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation
44.: Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1300)Full Citation
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Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
170.: Finland.1998.‘Firearm Offence.’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up to 804/2003 included).Helsinki:Ministry of the Interior,1 March. (Q2022)Full Citation
171.: European Commission.2014.‘Sanctions.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12307)Full Citation
172.: European Parliament.2007.‘Roll-call Vote: EU Firearms Directive.’ Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons.Brussels:VoteWatch.eu,29 November. (Q1346)Full Citation
173.: EU Parliament.2007.‘Draft Legislative Resolution on the EU Parliament Firearms Directive 2007.’ Report on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.Brussels:European Parliament,12 July. (Q1970)Full Citation
174.: Saferworld.2010.‘EU Arms Transfer Reporting Database.’ Saferworld European Union Arms Transfer Reporting Database.London:Saferworld,9 December. (Q3364)Full Citation
175.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
176.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
177.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
178.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
179.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
180.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
181.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
182.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
183.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
184.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
185.: Finland.2010.‘National Coordination Group of SALW Experts.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2039)Full Citation
186.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
187.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - Transparency in the Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
188.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
189.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
190.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
191.: Finland.2010.‘Collection and Disposal.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2043)Full Citation
192.: Finland.1998.‘Section 84 Private Transfer Licence (Ampuma-aseen, aseen osan, patruunoiden ja erityisen vaarallisten ammusten luovuttaminen).’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up 1249/2020 included).Helsinki:Minister of the Interior,1 March. (Q15143)Full Citation
193.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Box 4: Collection policies in Croatia and Finland.’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15461)Full Citation
194.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Table 3: Collection Policies in Europe (1991-2019).’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15464)Full Citation
195.: Dressler, Matteo, Nils Duquet & Julia Eckelmann.2021.‘Box 4: Collection policies in Croatia and Finland.’ Forgotten Weapons? Non-regularised firearms in the European Union.Brussels:Flemish Peace Institute,28 April. (Q15462)Full Citation
196.: Finland.2020.‘Collection.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14551)Full Citation
197.: Finland.2018.‘Collection.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13541)Full Citation
198.: Karp, Aaron, Nicholas Marsh and Giorgio Ravagli.2015.‘Number of Firearms Reported Seized by Police, 2010-2013.’ UNODC Study on Firearms 2015.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),3 July. (Q10542)Full Citation
199.: Finland.2018.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13542)Full Citation
200.: Finland.2012.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12682)Full Citation
201.: Finland.2016.‘Surplus.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,31 March. (Q12680)Full Citation
202.: Finland.2010.‘Management and Security of National Stockpiles, Destruction of Surplus.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2042)Full Citation
203.: Finland.1998.‘Section 85 Entities Entitled to Permanent Transfer (Pysyvään luovuttamiseen oikeutetut).’ Firearms Act (1/1998; amendments up 1249/2020 included).Helsinki:Minister of the Interior,1 March. (Q15145)Full Citation
204.: Finland.2010.‘International Tracing Instrument / ITI.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2037)Full Citation
205.: Finland.2010.‘International Tracing Instrument / ITI.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (International Tracing Instrument) and the UNPoA.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2038)Full Citation
206.: Finland.2016.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of Finland on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations,31 March. (Q12678)Full Citation
207.: European Parliament.2021.‘Article 4(1)-(3).’ Directive (EU) 2021/555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons (codification).Brussels:European Union,24 March. (Q14623)Full Citation
208.: European Commission.2014.‘Marking Requirement in National Illicit Firearms Trafficking Legislation.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12315)Full Citation

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Law Regulates Long Guns