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Fiji — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Fiji is

2017: 5,0001
2005: 4,0002
2002: 1845.63 4

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Fiji is

2017: 0.545
2005: 0.47
2002: 0.23

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Fiji ranked at No. 1896

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Fiji ranked at No.1836

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Fiji is reported to be

1999: 1,3997

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Fiji is

1999: 0.175

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Fiji is reported to be

2017: 1,5381
2002: 1,5384

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Fiji is

2017: 0.175
2002: 0.19

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,8 but in Fiji there are estimated to be

2017: 34621
2002: 3083 4

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Fiji are reported to have 16,7009 firearms

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Routine Arming of Police

In Fiji, police officers on routine patrol do not carry a firearm10 11

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Fiji are reported to have 2,00012 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Fiji, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2006: 113
2004: 4
1996: 014

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2006: 0.1213
2003: 0.49
1996: 0.0014

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual homicides by any means total

2020: 2015
2016: 1616
2015: 2617
2014: 2015
2013: 19
2012: 1213
2011: 8
2010: 20
2009: 9
2008: 7
2007: 5
2004: 2318
2003: 25

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2020: 2.2315
2016: 1.7516
2015: 2.8617
2014: 2.31
2013: 2.20
2012: 2.31
2011: 2.32
2010: 2.33
2009: 3.40
2008: 2.01
2007: 2.51
2006: 2.66
2005: 2.80
2004: 2.81
2003: 3.06
2002: 0.9019
1997: 1.74
1996: 1.68
1995: 3.12

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual male homicides by any means total

2014: 820
2013: 11
2012: 13
2011: 11
2010: 14
2009: 6
2008: 6
2007: 3

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 1.8220
2013: 2.50
2012: 2.95
2011: 2.50
2010: 3.19
2009: 1.36
2008: 1.37
2007: 0.69

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 1220
2013: 8
2012: 7
2011: 9
2010: 6
2009: 3
2008: 1
2007: 2

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 2.8215
2013: 1.88
2012: 1.65
2011: 2.13
2010: 1.43
2009: 0.70
2008: 0.24
2007: 0.48

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Fiji, annual firearm homicides total

2003: 413
1996: 014

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2003: 1.1513
1996: 014

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 10916
2015: 12817

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 11.9916
2015: 14.0817

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn Fiji, annual firearm suicides total

2016: 016
2015: 017
2012: 013
2011: 0

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2016: 0.0016
2015: 0.0017
2012: 0.0013
2011: 0.00

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Fiji, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2012: 013
2011: 0
2006: 1
1996: 014

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2012: 0.0013
2011: 0.00
2006: 0.11
1996: 0.0014

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

In Fiji, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2006: 113

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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Fiji, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is

2006: 0.2313

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Fiji, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence,21 but is not conducted in practice22

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Fiji, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law23 24 25 26 27

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Fiji is reported by Customs to be US$

2020: 1,00028
2018: 2,000
2017: 11,000
2015: 145,000
2014: 4,000
2013:
2012: 4,000
2011: 2,000
2010: 1,000
2009: 25,000
2008: 2,000
2007: 2,000
2006: 1,000
2005: 4,000
2004: 4,000
2002: 1,000
:

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Firearm Imports

In Fiji, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law23 29 30 31 32 24 25 26 27

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Firearm Imports (Number)

The annual number of firearms imported to Fiji is reported to be

2015: 3,66733

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Fiji is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 260,00034
2020: 1,389,000
2019: 2,348,000
2018: 60,000
2017: 4,357,000
2016: 102,000
2015: 12,000
2014: 6,377,000
2013: 24,000
2012: 84,000
2011: 81,000
2010: 414,000
2009: 13,000
2008: 582,000
2007: 33,000
2006: 71,000
2005: 68,000
2004: 13,000
2003: 4,000
2002: 3,000

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Fiji is low7 25

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Fiji, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law35 36 37

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Fiji do not include38 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Fiji is categorised as restrictive39

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Fiji includes the Arms and Ammunition Act 200340

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Fiji are regulated by the Commissioner of Police, and the Minister of Police41 21 42 43 44 45

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Fiji, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law46 47 38

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Fiji, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic weapons and those converted to have a barrel length less than 24 inches48 49

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Fiji, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited48 50

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Law Regulates Handguns

In Fiji, civilian possession of handguns is regulated by law48

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Fiji, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law48

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Fiji, only licensed gun owners41 50 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Fiji are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, animal control, and sport shooting51

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Fiji is 21 years52

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Fiji must pass a background check which considers criminal and mental health41 50 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Fiji, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required38

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Fiji does not stipulate38 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Fiji, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required43 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Fiji, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one year53 43

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Licensing Records

In Fiji, authorities maintain a record53 43 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Fiji are permitted to possess any number of firearms38

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Fiji are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition38

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Fiji, the law requires54 55 53 56 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Fiji, licensed firearm dealers are required57 58 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Fiji, State agencies are required54 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Fiji, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a permit57 58

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Fiji, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful57 58

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Fiji, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined38

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Fiji, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated38 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Fiji include59 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Fiji include57 60 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Fiji include61 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Fiji do not include38 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Fiji, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited62 50

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Fiji, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited62 50

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Gun Free Zones

In Fiji, private guns are prohibited in all public places62

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Fiji, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm63 is up to five years in prison and/or a $50,000 fine64

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Pacific Islands Forum

As a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, Fiji adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arms-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum65 66

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200867 by Fiji.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed68 by Fiji

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been acceded to69 by Fiji

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Fiji committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects70

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Fiji against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 5871 72 73 74 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Fiji has submitted one or more national reports75 76 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Fiji, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated76

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Fiji, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated76

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Fiji submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent76

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated76 by Fiji to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided76 to Fiji by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Fiji has declared77 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Fiji has been a Member State of the United Nations since 197078

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list79 Fiji as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,80 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual homicides by any means total

2020: 2015
2016: 1616
2015: 2617
2014: 2015
2013: 19
2012: 1213
2011: 8
2010: 20
2009: 9
2008: 7
2007: 5
2004: 2318
2003: 25

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2020: 2.2315
2016: 1.7516
2015: 2.8617
2014: 2.31
2013: 2.20
2012: 2.31
2011: 2.32
2010: 2.33
2009: 3.40
2008: 2.01
2007: 2.51
2006: 2.66
2005: 2.80
2004: 2.81
2003: 3.06
2002: 0.9019
1997: 1.74
1996: 1.68
1995: 3.12

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual male homicides by any means total

2014: 820
2013: 11
2012: 13
2011: 11
2010: 14
2009: 6
2008: 6
2007: 3

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 1.8220
2013: 2.50
2012: 2.95
2011: 2.50
2010: 3.19
2009: 1.36
2008: 1.37
2007: 0.69

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 1220
2013: 8
2012: 7
2011: 9
2010: 6
2009: 3
2008: 1
2007: 2

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 2.8215
2013: 1.88
2012: 1.65
2011: 2.13
2010: 1.43
2009: 0.70
2008: 0.24
2007: 0.48

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Fiji, annual firearm homicides total

2003: 413
1996: 014

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Fiji, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2003: 1.1513
1996: 014

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Fiji, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Disarmament

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

In Fiji, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2010/16: 681

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Fiji, it is not state policy82 83 84 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Fiji, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law56 53 85

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Firearm Tracing

In Fiji, state authorities carry out86 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Fiji, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally38 recorded in a register

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Fiji ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Fiji on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Privately Owned Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G1) Full Citation

4.

Fiji.2001.‘Summary of Firearms by Category.’ Police Fact Sheet.Nadi:Fiji Police,1 May. (Q420)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates - Fiji.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,22 August. (Q4234)Full Citation

6.

GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation

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United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific: Police Inventories.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q145)Full Citation

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CNN. 2017. ‘The 19 Countries That Do Not Routinely Arm Their Police Officers.’ 19 July. (N915) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

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Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

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UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ dataunodc.un.org (web site).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

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Fiji.2018.‘Forensic Pathology Activities 2016-2017.’ Annual Report August 2016 - July 2017.Suva:Fiji Police Force,1 June. (Q14149)Full Citation

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Fiji.2016.‘Forensic Science Services.’ Annual Report 2015.Suva:Fiji Police Force,1 January. (Q14148)Full Citation

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UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Fiji.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6247)Full Citation

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Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘East Asia and the Pacific, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3814)Full Citation

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UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Prohibition on the Manufacture of Arms and Ammunition.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q446)Full Citation

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Fiji.2016.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of the Republic of Fiji on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Fiji to the United Nations,13 September. (Q12393)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Import and Export Licensing.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q450)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Arms and Ammunition in Transit.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4889)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Concealing and Trafficking Arms and Ammunition.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4890)Full Citation

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Fiji.2016.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of the Republic of Fiji on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Fiji to the United Nations,13 September. (Q12394)Full Citation

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Fiji.2016.‘Record Keeping [Import and Export].’ National Report of the Republic of Fiji on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Fiji to the United Nations,13 September. (Q12396)Full Citation

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International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Exported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16040)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Import and Export Licensing.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q451)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Exemption from Arms Licences.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4882)Full Citation

31.

Fiji.2003.‘Ports and Places of Import and Export.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4887)Full Citation

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Fiji.2003.‘Declaration of Arms and Ammunition on Importation.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4888)Full Citation

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UN Register of Conventional Arms.2018.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’ UNROCA - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q13952)Full Citation

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International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Imported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16041)Full Citation

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Fiji.2016.‘Brokering.’ National Report of the Republic of Fiji on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of the Republic of Fiji to the United Nations,13 September. (Q12397)Full Citation

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Fiji.2016.‘Brokering.’ National Workshop on Arms Trade Treaty 2016 Report.Suva:Fiji Ministry of Defence, National Security and Immigration,13 May. (Q12221)Full Citation

37.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

38.

Fiji.2003.‘Preliminary.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4881)Full Citation

39.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

40.

Fiji.2003.‘Short Title and Commencement.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,26 August. (Q1511)Full Citation

41.

Fiji.2003.‘Licence May Be Refused.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q434)Full Citation

42.

Fiji.2003.‘Power to Grant Amnesty.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q441)Full Citation

43.

Fiji.2003.‘Issue and Renewal of Arms Licences.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4827)Full Citation

44.

Fiji.2003.‘Prohibition of Arms in Certain Areas.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4891)Full Citation

45.

Fiji.2003.‘Regulations.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q4895)Full Citation

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Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

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Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

48.

Fiji.2003.‘Shortening Arms, Converting Imitation Arms and Automatic Weapons.’ Arms and Ammunition Act.Suva:Office of the Attorney-General,1 January. (Q435)Full Citation

49.

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