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Ethiopia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Ethiopia is

2017: 377,0001
2005: 320,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Ethiopia is

2017: 0.383
2005: 0.42

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Ethiopia ranked at No. 964

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Ethiopia ranked at No.1894

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Ethiopia are reported to have 525,6005 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Ethiopia are reported to have 79,0006 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 7,5527
2012: 8,153
2010: 7,418
2008: 20,2398

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 7.597
2012: 8.797
2010: 8.62
2008: 25.58
2004: 12.709 8
2002: 20.509
2000: 5.48
1997: 15.55
1995: 14.65

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 5,62010
2010: 5,72710

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Ethiopia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 11.2710

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 1,93210
2010: 1,69110

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Ethiopia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 3.8610

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 7,32311
2015: 7,165
2010: 6,400
2000: 5,335

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 5,71911
2015: 5,583
2010: 4,950
2000: 4,032

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 11.2411
2015: 11.30
2010: 11.57
2000: 12.55

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 1,60411
2015: 1,581
2010: 1,450
2000: 1,303

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 3.1111
2015: 3.16
2010: 3.35
2000: 4.04

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Ethiopia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited12 13 14 15 16 17

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In Ethiopia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law12 18 19

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Ethiopia is reported by Customs to be US$020 (2010)

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Firearm Imports

In Ethiopia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law12 18 21 19

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Ethiopia is reported by Customs to be US$

2011: 710,19220
2007: 43,000,00022
2006: 14,000,00023
:

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Ethiopia is moderate24

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Ethiopia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law25

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Ethiopia do not include13 26 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Ethiopia is categorised as restrictive27

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Ethiopia includes the Firearm Administration and Control Proclamation No. 1177/2020.28 29 21

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Ethiopia are regulated by the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission30 31 and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs32

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Ethiopia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law33 34

Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Ethiopia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is not prohibited in law35

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Regulation of Handguns

In Ethiopia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence36

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Ethiopia, unlicensed, non-disqualified persons of minimum age36 37 38 39 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Ethiopia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, personal protection, security36

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Ethiopia is established by each region21

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Ethiopia must pass a background check which considers mental, criminal, national, firearm competency38 and ethnic40 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Ethiopia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required36

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Firearm Safety Training

In Ethiopia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required36 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Ethiopia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every two years for natural persons and three years for legal persons37

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Ethiopia are permitted to possess one firearm29 21

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Ethiopia, the law requires41 36 42 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Ethiopia, licensed firearm dealers are not required13 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Ethiopia, State agencies are required on demand,43 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Ethiopia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited39 44 13 21 19

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Ethiopia, dealing in firearms by way of business is unlawful44 13 19

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Ethiopia, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated12 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Ethiopia include12 39 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Ethiopia include12 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Ethiopia do not include43 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Ethiopia include12 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Ethiopia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited45 39

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Ethiopia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited45 39

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Ethiopia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm46 is 20 years in prison19

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Ethiopia adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200647 48

Regional Centre on Small Arms

In March 2000, as a member of the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA), Ethiopia adopted the Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa, then on 21 April 2004 adopted the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States, a legally-binding multilateral protocol of which the RECSA is depository. The Nairobi Protocol has since been signed, and ratified49 50 by Ethiopia

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200751 by Ethiopia.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed52 by Ethiopia

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been acceded to53 by Ethiopia

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Ethiopia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects54

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Ethiopia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 9955 56 57 58 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Ethiopia has submitted one or more national reports59 60 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Ethiopia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated60

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Ethiopia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated61 60

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated60 by Ethiopia to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided60 to Ethiopia by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Ethiopia has not declared62 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Ethiopia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194563

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list64 Ethiopia as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,65 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 7,5527
2012: 8,153
2010: 7,418
2008: 20,2398

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 7.597
2012: 8.797
2010: 8.62
2008: 25.58
2004: 12.709 8
2002: 20.509
2000: 5.48
1997: 15.55
1995: 14.65

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 5,62010
2010: 5,72710

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Ethiopia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 11.2710

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Ethiopia, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 1,93210
2010: 1,69110

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Ethiopia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 3.8610

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Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Ethiopia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in Ethiopia are known to have66 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Ethiopia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 11,70067 (2006-07)

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Firearms Surrendered and Seized

In Ethiopia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2019: 33,29621

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Ethiopia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 87,50068 (2004-06) and 11,70067 to 20,00066 (2006-07)

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Ethiopia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law37 69

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Firearm Tracing

In Ethiopia, state authorities do not carry out14 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Ethiopia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Ethiopia on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Ethiopia.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,3 August. (Q16282)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

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Ethiopia.2008.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Ethiopia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3747)Full Citation

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Ethiopia.2020.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Ethiopia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14547)Full Citation

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Ethiopia.2020.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Ethiopia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q14548)Full Citation

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Ethiopia.2020.‘Article 22: Criminal Liability.’ Ethiopia Firearm Administration and Control Proclamation No. 1177/2020.Addis Ababa:Ethiopia,25 March. (Q15877)Full Citation

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Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

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Reuters. 2020. ‘Ethiopia Passes Gun Control Law to Tackle Surge in Violence.’ 9 January. (N852) Full Citation

22.

Herron, Patrick, Nicolas Marsh and Matt Schroeder.2010.‘Annexe 1.2 - Annual Authorized Small Arma and Light Weapons Imports by Major Importer, 2007.’ Small Arms Survey 2010: Gangs, Groups, and Guns.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q15393)Full Citation

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Dreyfus, Pablo, Nicolas Marsh and Matt Schroeder.2009.‘Annual Authorized Small Arms and Light Weapons Imports by Major Importer, 2006.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q15394)Full Citation

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Carlson, Khristopher.2022.‘Ethiopia.’ Firearms and Ammunition Trafficking in Eastern Africa.Vienna:United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC),1 June. (Q16101)Full Citation

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Ethiopia.2008.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Ethiopia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3746)Full Citation

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Ethiopia.2008.‘Export Controls.’ National Report of Ethiopia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3745)Full Citation

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