Estonia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Estonia is 

2017: 65,0001
2007: 123,0002
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Estonia is 

2017: 51
2007: 9.22
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Number of Privately Owned RiflesIn Estonia, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 4,2003
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Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsIn Estonia, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 28,2003
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Number of Privately Owned HandgunsIn Estonia, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 10,1003
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Estonia ranked at No. 1314
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Estonia ranked at No. 652
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Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a GunIn Estonia, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be 

2015: 3%5
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Estonia, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

2005: 7.0%6
1999/2003: 7.4%
1995/98: 8.3%
1992/94: 7.5%
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Estonia, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

2005: 3.6%6
1999/2003: 3.5%
1995/98: 3.0%
1992/94: 1.9%
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Estonia is reported to be 

1999: 31,0003
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Estonia is 

1999: 2.237
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Estonia is reported to be 

2017: 47,0001
2007: 47,0002
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Estonia is 

2007: 3.537
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,8 but in Estonia there are estimated to be 

2017: 18,0001
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Estonia are reported to have 38,7609 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Estonia are reported to have 18,00010 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

1811
21
26
15
17
1912 13 14
24
3412 13 14 15
4112 13 16 14
3417
3812 13 14
2612 13 16 14
2412 13 14
2912 13 16 14
3812 13 14
36
4212 13 16 14
4812 13 14
45
6212 13 16 14
71
8212 13 16
7912 13 16 14
10712 13 16
151
182 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

1.4511
1.68
2.07
1.19
1.34
1.48
1.86
2.62
3.15
2.60
2.90
1.98
1.81
2.18
2.84
2.67
3.09
3.53
3.29
4.49
5.11
5.85
5.59
7.49
10.44
12.40
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Estonia, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

1711
21
26
14
16
18
23
31
40
32
37
25
23
23
34
34
38
42
58
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

2.9211
3.59
4.43
2.37
2.70
3.02
3.84
5.15
6.63
5.29
6.11
4.12
3.77
3.75
5.51
5.47
6.07
6.66
9.13
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Estonia, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

111
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
6
4
2
4
3
4
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.1511
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.43
0.14
0.28
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.84
0.55
0.27
0.55
0.41
0.54
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual homicides by any means total 

2818
29
33
45
41
52
63
6519 20 21
70
81
91
95
9119 22
113
9119 23
147
14219 20
137
14319 24
15724
196
17825
214
246 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.1218
2.20
2.51
3.42
3.11
3.94
4.76
4.90
5.25
6.20
6.94
7.22
6.919 22 26
8.5
6.819 23 26
11.0
10.519 20 26
10.1
10.519 24 26
11.3224 26
13.94
12.2125 26
14.60
16.58
28.2127
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual male homicides by any means total 

2328
21
24
34
32
34
46
51
54
56
71
76
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

5.4211
5.57
5.71
7.85
8.48
7.96
9.27
11.73
12.52
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual female homicides by any means total 

528
8
9
11
9
18
17
14
16
25
20
19
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.4811
1.32
2.63
2.61
2.01
2
3.56
2.83
2.68
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual firearm homicides total 

018
212
3
212 15
912
5
7
312 20
512
9
5
5
14
21
18
23
31
40
31
55
91
121 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

018
0.10
0.23
0.10
0.69
0.31
0.54
0.23
0.38
0.67
0.37
0.37
1.03
1.55
1.32
1.68
2.25
2.89
2.22
3.89
6.33
8.27
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Estonia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

6%21
3.9%20
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Estonia, annual male firearm homicides total 

211
3
111
1
2
1
3
4
5
2
4
3
2
5
5
10
4
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3411

0.51

0.17
0.34
0.17
0.50
0.66
0.83
0.33
0.66
0.49
0.33
0.81
0.80
1.59
0.63
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Estonia, annual female firearm homicides total 

111
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1018
0.10
0.14
0
0
0.14
0.14
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Handgun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual handgun homicides total 

112
1
1
3
1
1
4
3
7
7
4
17
24
33
23 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0812
0.08
0.08
0.22
0.07
0.07
0.30
0.22
0.52
0.52
0.29
1.24
1.74
2.38
1.64
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Long Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual long gun homicides total 

312
1
1
2
3
2
4
5
6 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2212
0.07
0.07
0.15
0.22
0.15
0.29
0.36
0.43
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Gun Homicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual gun homicides (other) total 

112
2
1
3
4
5
3
4
4
2
5
5
14
11
4
3
2
2 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.08 12
0.15
0.08
0.22
0.30
0.37
0.22
0.30
0.30
0.15
0.37
0.37
1.03
0.81
0.29
0.22
0.14
0.14
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual suicides by any means total 

20811
212
250
193
210
255
235
265
243
244
292
261
271
261
297
347
365
426
408
46929 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

16.8211
17.04
19.97
15.34
16.60
20.04
18.36
20.56
18.73
18.73
22.33
19.90
20.59
19.73
22.30
25.89
27.05
31.11
29.57
35.4529
40.9530
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual male suicides by any means total 

16511
166
196
156
173
207
188
217
202
201
243
208
224
205
242
286
299
339
318
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

28.4811
28.51
33.51
26.55
29.32
34.94
31.59
36.26
33.58
33.32
40.20
34.36
36.91
33.62
39.46
46.34
48.12
53.75
50.05
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual female suicides by any means total 

4311
46
54
37
37
4811
47
48
41
43
49
53
47
56
55
61
66
87
90
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.5411
6.95
8.10
5.51
5.48
7.06
6.86
6.95
5.89
6.15
6.97
7.51
6.63
7.85
7.66
8.43
9.06
11.78
12.09
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Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual firearm suicides total 

1511
16
24
10
15
1413
17
28 15
25
21
23
19
18
14
24
24
23
21
25
31
32
40
40
48
54
47 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

1.2111
1.28
1.91
0.79
1.18
1.09
1.32
2.16
1.92
1.61
1.75
1.44
1.36
1.05
1.79
1.78
1.69
1.55
1.83
2.25
2.33
2.89
2.86
3.39
3.76
3.21
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Estonia, annual male firearm suicides total 

1511
16
24
10
14
14
17
27
24
20
23
19
17
14
22
22
23
24
29
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

2.5911
2.75
4.10
1.70
2.37
2.36
2.86
4.51
3.99
3.32
3.81
3.14
2.80
2.30
3.59
3.56
3.70
3.81
4.56
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Estonia, annual female firearm suicides total 

111
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1511
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.28
0.28
0.14
0.27
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Handgun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual handgun suicides total 

213
6
7
2
4
3
1
3
2
4
5
8
7
9
19
21
26
22 
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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1513
0.46
0.53
0.15
0.30
0.22
0.07
0.22
0.15
0.30
0.37
0.59
0.52
0.66
1.39
1.53
1.88
1.57
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Long Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, the number of long gun suicides is 

213
2
7
7
7
3
3
7
5
6
11
7
7
7
6
8
9
8 
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Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1513
0.15
0.53
0.52
0.52
0.22
0.22
0.52
0.37
0.45
0.82
0.52
0.52
0.51
0.44
0.58
0.65
0.57
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Gun Suicides (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual gun suicides (other) total 

1013
9
14
16
10
17
15
8
7
14
8
8
7
9
6
3
5
10 
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Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.7613
0.68
1.05
1.19
0.75
1.27
1.12
0.60
0.52
1.04
0.59
0.59
0.52
0.66
0.44
0.22
0.36
0.71
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Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

111
0
0
0
216
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
6
14 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.2411
0.31
0.31
0.1511
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.14
0.14
0.28
0.42
0.9616 31
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

111
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
1
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.1711
0.33
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

011
0
0
0
0
1
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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.1411
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Unintentional Handgun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

116
1
1
1 
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Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0716
0.07
0.07
0.07
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Unintentional Long Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

116
1
1 
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Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0716
0.07
0.07
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Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

116
1
1
2 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0716
0.07
0.07
0.14
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

211
2
2
1
2
314
4
4 15
514
8
8
3
1
5
9
7
4
6
2
7
7
6 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.1611
0.16
0.16
0.08
0.16
0.24
0.31
0.31
0.39
0.61
0.61
0.23
0.08
0.38
0.68
0.52
0.30
0.44
0.15
0.51
0.51
0.43
0.6732
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Estonia, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

111
2
2
1
211
311
4
3
5
7
8
3
1
4
7
7
3
2
7
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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.1711
0.34
0.34
0.17
0.34
0.51
0.67
0.50
0.83
1.16
1.32
0.50
0.16
0.66
1.14
1.13
0.48
0.32
1.10
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Estonia, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

111
0
0
1
0
1
1
2
1
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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.1511
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.28
0.14
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Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

114
1
2
2
1
1
4
3
6 
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Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0714
0.07
0.15
0.15
0.07
0.07
0.29
0.22
0.43
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Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

114
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
3 
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Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0814
0.15
0.07
0.15
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.15
0.22
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Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Estonia, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

314
4
3
5
5
7
3
3
7
4
3
4
1
1
1 
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Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.2314
0.30
0.23
0.37
0.37
0.52
0.22
0.22
0.52
0.30
0.22
0.29
0.07
0.07
0.07

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Estonia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence,33 34 35 but is not conducted in practice 36
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Home-made GunsIn Estonia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low37

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Estonia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
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Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Estonia is reported by manufacturers to be 

2018: 52450
2017: 42450
2016: 724
2015: 1,445
2014: 80451
2013: 243
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Estonia is reported by Customs to be US$718,49952 (2011)
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Firearm ImportsIn Estonia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law38 39 40 41 53 43 44 45 46 47 48
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Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Estonia is reported to be 

2018: 1,71650
2017: 4,66850
2016: 2,148
2015: 3,072
2014: 3,57051
2013: 2,125
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Estonia is reported by Customs to be US$

2016: 18,000,00054
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Estonia is moderate55 3
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Estonia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law56 57 58
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Estonia include59  certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Estonia is categorised as restrictive60
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Estonia includes the Weapons Act 2001,61 the Strategic Goods Act,43 62 the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons,63 64 the European Union Firearms Regulation of 2012 and the Common Position on the Control of Arms Brokering of 200365
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Estonia are regulated by the Government of the Republic of Estonia and the Minister of Internal Affairs, and the Police,66 67 68 and the European Commission64
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Estonia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law69 70 71
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Estonia, civilians are not allowed to possess smoothbore guns with an overall length of less than 840mm, automatic firearms, military weapons, armour-piercing, explosive, incendiary, or hollow-pointed ammunition, and silencers, laser or night sight devices72 73 74 75 76 77
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Estonia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited72 73 76 77 21
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Estonia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence72 78 79 77
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Estonia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence80 73 76 78 79 77 21
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn Estonia,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law72 80 21
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Estonia, only licensed gun owners81 82 83 84 85 86 87 76 78 21 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Estonia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, collection, personal protection, security, and during filming or performance88 82 89 85 90 91 92
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Estonia is 18 years for sporting and hunting firearms, shotguns, gas and air-powered firearms, and 21 for all other firearms93 85 92
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Estonia must pass a background check which considers criminal, medical, mental health, addiction, and military94 95 85 96 97 68 92 21 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Estonia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required71
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Estonia does not stipulate71 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn Estonia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required68 98 for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Estonia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every five years81 99 100
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Licensing RecordsIn Estonia, authorities maintain a record83 73 101 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Estonia are permitted to possess a limited quantity of ammunition81 102 103
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Estonia, the law requires104 83 105 73 101 75 106 107 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Estonia, licensed firearm dealers are required108 105 73 101 83 107 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Estonia, licensed gun makers are required108 104 109 105 101 75 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Estonia, State agencies are required67 105 106 110 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Estonia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless with a special permit and conducted by a police officer111 112
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Estonia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful34 35 113 114 79
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Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Estonia is obliged94 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Estonia is obliged94  to pass official background checks before taking possession
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Estonia include115 116 99 117 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Estonia include115 33 113 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Estonia include118 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Estonia include119 120 121 53 42 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Estonia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited122 99 21
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Estonia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit122 99 21
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Gun Free ZonesIn Estonia, private guns are prohibited in public events123
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Estonia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm124 is up to three years in prison or a fine99 62 125 126

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
European UnionAs a member of the European Union, Estonia is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament127 128
European Union Export ReportingUnder the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Estonia is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Estonia has submitted one or more national reports129 on its arms transfers
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed130 by Estonia.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified131 by Estonia
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified132 by Estonia
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Estonia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects133
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Estonia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 10134 135 136 137 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Estonia has submitted one or more national reports138 139 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Estonia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated140 139
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Estonia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated140 139
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Estonia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent140 139
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated139 by Estonia to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Estonia has declared141 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Estonia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1991142
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists143 Estonia as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,144 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual homicides by any means total 

2818
29
33
45
41
52
63
6519 20 21
70
81
91
95
9119 22
113
9119 23
147
14219 20
137
14319 24
15724
196
17825
214
246 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.1218
2.20
2.51
3.42
3.11
3.94
4.76
4.90
5.25
6.20
6.94
7.22
6.919 22 26
8.5
6.819 23 26
11.0
10.519 20 26
10.1
10.519 24 26
11.3224 26
13.94
12.2125 26
14.60
16.58
28.2127
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual male homicides by any means total 

2328
21
24
34
32
34
46
51
54
56
71
76
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

5.4211
5.57
5.71
7.85
8.48
7.96
9.27
11.73
12.52
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual female homicides by any means total 

528
8
9
11
9
18
17
14
16
25
20
19
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.4811
1.32
2.63
2.61
2.01
2
3.56
2.83
2.68
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Estonia, annual firearm homicides total 

018
212
3
212 15
912
5
7
312 20
512
9
5
5
14
21
18
23
31
40
31
55
91
121 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

018
0.10
0.23
0.10
0.69
0.31
0.54
0.23
0.38
0.67
0.37
0.37
1.03
1.55
1.32
1.68
2.25
2.89
2.22
3.89
6.33
8.27
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Estonia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

6%21
3.9%20
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Estonia, annual male firearm homicides total 

211
3
111
1
2
1
3
4
5
2
4
3
2
5
5
10
4
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.3411

0.51

0.17
0.34
0.17
0.50
0.66
0.83
0.33
0.66
0.49
0.33
0.81
0.80
1.59
0.63
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Estonia, annual female firearm homicides total 

111
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1018
0.10
0.14
0
0
0.14
0.14
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Estonia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Disarmament
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Estonia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

50145
21146 147
2009/14: 95148
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Estonia, it is not state policy149 150 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Estonia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law151 106 152 153 154
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Estonia, state authorities carry out155 153 107 156 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Estonia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not71 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Estonia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Estonia on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

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62.: Estonia.2014.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,31 January. (Q12669)Full Citation
63.: European Council.1991.‘European Weapons Directive.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2403)Full Citation
64.: European Council.1991.‘Article 18.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2418)Full Citation
65.: European Commission.2013.‘The Need for Action at EU Level - EU Firearms Laws.’ Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.Brussels:Europa.eu,21 October. (Q8315)Full Citation
66.: Estonia.2002.‘Supervision of Compliance with this Act.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5553)Full Citation
67.: Estonia.2002.‘Military, Service and Civilian Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5513)Full Citation
68.: Estonia.2002.‘Application by Natural Person for Acquisition Permit or Weapons Permit.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5528)Full Citation
69.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
70.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
71.: Estonia.2002.‘Scope of Act.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5512)Full Citation
72.: Estonia.2002.‘Weapons and Ammunition Prohibited for Civilian Purposes.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5517)Full Citation
73.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5366)Full Citation
74.: Estonia.2002.‘Firearm Accessories.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5518)Full Citation
75.: Estonia.2002.‘Type Approval of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5519)Full Citation
76.: European Council.1991.‘Article 6.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2410)Full Citation
77.: European Council.1991.‘Annex 1.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2419)Full Citation
78.: European Council.1991.‘Article 7.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2411)Full Citation
79.: European Council.1991.‘Article 8.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2412)Full Citation
80.: Estonia.2002.‘Purpose, Types and Quantity of Weapons Permitted for Legal Persons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5524)Full Citation
81.: Estonia.2002.‘Weapons Permit.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5527)Full Citation
82.: Estonia.2002.‘Acquisition Permit for Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5525)Full Citation
83.: Estonia.2002.‘Registration of Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5526)Full Citation
84.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5387)Full Citation
85.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5416)Full Citation
86.: Estonia.2002.‘Weapons and Ammunition in Restricted Commerce.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5516)Full Citation
87.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4a.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2407)Full Citation
88.: Estonia.2002.‘Purpose of Weapons Permitted for Natural Persons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5522)Full Citation
89.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5396)Full Citation
90.: Estonia.2002.‘Use of Weapons During Filming and in Performances.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5514)Full Citation
91.: Estonia.2002.‘Collection Permit.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5521)Full Citation
92.: European Council.1991.‘Article 5.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2409)Full Citation
93.: Estonia.2002.‘Types of Weapons Permitted for Estonian Citizens.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5523)Full Citation
94.: Estonia.2002.‘Circumstances Precluding Grant of Acquisition Permit or Weapons Permit to Natural Person.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5529)Full Citation
95.: Estonia.2002.‘Suspension and Revocation of Acquisition Permit or Weapons Permit.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5530)Full Citation
96.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5383)Full Citation
97.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5386)Full Citation
98.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5385)Full Citation
99.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5436)Full Citation
100.: Estonia.2002.‘Validity of Activity Licences.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5547)Full Citation
101.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5380)Full Citation
102.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5390)Full Citation
103.: European Council.1991.‘Article 10.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2413)Full Citation
104.: Estonia.2002.‘Registration of Civilian Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5520)Full Citation
105.: Estonia.2010.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing - Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4553)Full Citation
106.: Estonia.2014.‘Marking and Record Keeping.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,31 January. (Q12671)Full Citation
107.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2406)Full Citation
108.: Estonia.2002.‘Keeping of Records Regarding Weapons and Ammunition Upon Sale Thereof.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5550)Full Citation
109.: Estonia.2002.‘Keeping of Records Regarding Weapons Brought for Repair, Conversion or Rendering Incapable of Firing.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5551)Full Citation
110.: Estonia.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,31 January. (Q12670)Full Citation
111.: Flew, Catherine and Angus Urquhart.2004.‘Manufacture - Licensing.’ Strengthening Small Arms controls: An Audit of Small Arms Control Legislation in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa - Eritrea.London:Saferworld / SaferAfrica,1 February. (Q5344)Full Citation
112.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5393)Full Citation
113.: Estonia.2002.‘Sale of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5549)Full Citation
114.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2405)Full Citation
115.: Estonia.2002.‘General Requirements for Storage of Weapons or Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5531)Full Citation
116.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5404)Full Citation
117.: Estonia.2002.‘Storage of Weapons and Ammunition During Sports Events and Training.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5533)Full Citation
118.: Estonia.2018.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13692)Full Citation
119.: Estonia.2002.‘Conveyance of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5535)Full Citation
120.: Estonia.2002.‘Conveyance of Weapons and Ammunition by Natural Person.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5536)Full Citation
121.: Estonia.2002.‘Additional Requirements Upon Internal Transport of Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5537)Full Citation
122.: Estonia.2002.‘General Procedure for Carrying of Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5534)Full Citation
123.: Estonia.2002.‘Unlawful Carrying of Weapons or Ammunition at Public Events.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5554)Full Citation
124.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
125.: European Commission.2014.‘Estonia.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12320)Full Citation
126.: European Commission.2014.‘Sanctions.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12307)Full Citation
127.: European Parliament.2007.‘Roll-call Vote: EU Firearms Directive.’ Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons.Brussels:VoteWatch.eu,29 November. (Q1346)Full Citation
128.: EU Parliament.2007.‘Draft Legislative Resolution on the EU Parliament Firearms Directive 2007.’ Report on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.Brussels:European Parliament,12 July. (Q1970)Full Citation
129.: Saferworld.2010.‘EU Arms Transfer Reporting Database.’ Saferworld European Union Arms Transfer Reporting Database.London:Saferworld,9 December. (Q3364)Full Citation
130.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
131.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
132.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
133.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
134.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
135.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
136.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
137.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
138.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
139.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
140.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
141.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
142.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
143.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
144.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
145.: Estonia.2018.‘Collection.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13693)Full Citation
146.: Karp, Aaron, Nicholas Marsh and Giorgio Ravagli.2015.‘Number of Firearms Reported Seized by Police, 2010-2013.’ UNODC Study on Firearms 2015.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),3 July. (Q10542)Full Citation
147.: Estonia.2012.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12675)Full Citation
148.: European Commission.2014.‘Estimated Number of Firearms Based on Firearms Seizures.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12310)Full Citation
149.: Estonia.2002.‘Expropriation of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5515)Full Citation
150.: Estonia.2002.‘Destruction of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5552)Full Citation
151.: Estonia.2010.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing - Marking.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4552)Full Citation
152.: Estonia.2014.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,31 January. (Q12667)Full Citation
153.: European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2404)Full Citation
154.: European Commission.2014.‘Marking Requirement in National Illicit Firearms Trafficking Legislation.’ Study to Support an Impact Assessment on Options for Combatting Illicit Firearms Trafficking in the European Union.Luxembourg:Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services,1 July. (Q12315)Full Citation
155.: Estonia.2014.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Estonia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Estonia to the United Nations,31 January. (Q12672)Full Citation
156.: Karp, Aaron, Nicholas Marsh and Giorgio Ravagli.2015.‘Summary of Reported International Requests for Tracing of Firearms, 2010-2013.’ UNODC Study on Firearms 2015.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),3 July. (Q10546)Full Citation

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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

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Female Gun Suicide Victims

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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

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Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

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Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

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Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 People

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Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 People

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 People

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

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Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

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Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

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Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

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Firearm Exports (Number)

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

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Firearm Imports (Number)

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

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Regulation of Handguns

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Law Regulates Long Guns

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

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Gun Owner Background Checks

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

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Firearm Safety Training

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Gun Owner Licensing Period