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Estonia — Gun Facts, Figures and the LawStockpilesGun NumbersCivilian GunsNumber of Privately Owned FirearmsRate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationNumber of Privately Owned RiflesIn Estonia, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 4,2003 Number of Privately Owned ShotgunsIn Estonia, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 28,2003 Number of Privately Owned HandgunsIn Estonia, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 10,1003 Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Estonia ranked at No. 1314 Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Estonia ranked at No. 652 Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a GunIn Estonia, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be 2015: 3%5 Proportion of Households with FirearmsProportion of Households with HandgunsNumber of Licensed Firearm OwnersRate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationNumber of Registered FirearmsRate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationImpactsDeath and InjuryTotal Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Estonia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 2015: 1711 2014: 1912 13 14 2013: 24 2012: 3412 13 14 15 2011: 4112 13 16 14 2010: 3417 2009: 3812 13 14 2008: 2612 13 16 14 2007: 2412 13 14 2006: 2912 13 16 14 2005: 3812 13 14 2004: 36 2003: 4212 13 16 14 2002: 4812 13 14 2001: 45 2000: 6212 13 16 14 1999: 71 1998: 8212 13 16 1997: 7912 13 16 14 1996: 10712 13 16 1995: 151 1994: 182 Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 2015: 1.3411 2014: 1.49 2013: 1.88 2012: 2.64 2011: 3.16 2010: 2.61 2009: 2.91 2008: 1.98 2007: 1.82 2006: 2.19 2005: 2.85 2004: 2.69 2003: 3.11 2002: 3.53 2001: 3.29 2000: 4.49 1999: 5.11 1998: 5.85 1997: 5.59 1996: 7.49 1995: 10.44 1994: 12.40 Total Number of Male Gun DeathsRate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleTotal Number of Female Gun DeathsHomicides (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual homicides by any means total 2015: 4218 2014: 42 2013: 52 2012: 65 2011: 6519 20 21 2010: 62 2009: 81 2008: 91 2007: 95 2006: 9119 22 2005: 113 2004: 9119 23 2003: 147 2002: 14219 20 2001: 137 2000: 14319 24 1999: 15724 1998: 196 1997: 17825 1996: 214 1995: 246 Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 2015: 3.3211 2014: 3.30 2013: 4.06 2012: 5.04 2011: 5.01 2010: 4.76 2009: 6.20 2008: 6.94 2007: 7.22 2006: 6.919 22 26 2005: 8.5 2004: 6.819 23 26 2003: 11.0 2002: 10.519 20 26 2001: 10.1 2000: 10.519 24 26 1999: 11.3224 26 1998: 13.94 1997: 12.2125 26 1996: 14.60 1995: 16.58 1994: 28.2127 Male Homicide Victims (any method)Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)Female Homicide Victims (any method)Gun HomicidesChartIn Estonia, annual firearm homicides total 2015: 018 2014: 212 2013: 3 2012: 212 15 2011: 912 2010: 5 2009: 7 2008: 312 20 2007: 512 2006: 9 2005: 5 2004: 5 2003: 14 2002: 21 2001: 18 2000: 23 1999: 31 1998: 40 1997: 31 1996: 55 1995: 91 1994: 121 Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleProportion of Homicides Committed With a GunMale Gun Homicide VictimsRate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Homicide VictimsHandgun HomicidesLong Gun HomicidesGun Homicides (Other)Suicides (any method)ChartIn Estonia, annual suicides by any means total 2015: 19511 2014: 24111 2013: 218 2012: 237 2011: 218 2010: 223 2009: 269 2008: 242 2007: 253 1999: 46929 Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)Male Suicide Victims (any method)Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)Female Suicide Victims (any method)Gun SuicidesChartIn Estonia, annual firearm suicides total 2015: 1511 2014: 1413 2013: 17 2012: 2813 15 2011: 2513 2010: 21 2009: 23 2008: 19 2007: 18 2006: 14 2005: 24 2004: 24 2003: 23 2002: 21 2001: 25 2000: 31 1999: 32 1998: 40 1997: 40 1996: 48 1995: 54 1994: 47 Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleMale Gun Suicide VictimsRate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Suicide VictimsHandgun SuicidesLong Gun SuicidesGun Suicides (Other)Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 2014: 011 2013: 0 2012: 0 2011: 216 2010: 1 2008: 1 2006: 1 2003: 1 2000: 1 1999: 1 1998: 2 1997: 2 1996: 4 1995: 6 1994: 14 Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleUnintentional Male Gun DeathsRate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleUnintentional Handgun DeathsUnintentional Gun Deaths (Other)Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Estonia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 2015: 211 2014: 314 2013: 4 2012: 414 15 2011: 514 2010: 8 2009: 8 2008: 3 2007: 1 2006: 5 2005: 9 2004: 7 2003: 4 2002: 6 2001: 2 2000: 7 1999: 7 1997: 6 Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleMale Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseRate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseHandgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseLong Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseGun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseProductionGun IndustryHome-made GunsIn Estonia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low37 TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingFirearm ExportsFirearm ImportsEnd User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Estonia include59 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use MeasuresGun RegulationFirearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Estonia is categorised as restrictive60 Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Estonia includes the Weapons Act 2001,61 the Strategic Goods Act,43 62 the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons,63 64 the European Union Firearms Regulation of 2012 and the Common Position on the Control of Arms Brokering of 200365 Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Estonia, civilians are not allowed to possess smoothbore guns with an overall length of less than 840mm, automatic firearms, military weapons, armour-piercing, explosive, incendiary, or hollow-pointed ammunition, and silencers, laser or night sight devices72 73 74 75 76 77 Regulation of Automatic WeaponsRegulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsRegulation of HandgunsGun Ownership and PossessionIn Estonia, only licensed gun owners81 82 83 84 85 86 87 76 78 21 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionMinimum Age for Firearm PossessionGun Owner Background ChecksReference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Estonia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required71 Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Estonia does not stipulate71 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked Firearm Safety TrainingGun Owner Licensing PeriodLicensing RecordsFirearm RegistrationCivilian Gun RegistrationGun Dealer Record KeepingGun Manufacturer Record KeepingGun Sales and TransfersRegulation of Private Gun SalesRegulation of Dealer Gun SalesBackground Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Estonia is obliged94 to pass official background checks before taking possession Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Estonia is obliged94 to pass official background checks before taking possession Storage and Transport of Guns and AmmunitionFirearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Estonia include118 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities Gun Free ZonesIn Estonia, private guns are prohibited in public events123 MeasuresInternational ControlsRegional AgreementsEuropean UnionEuropean Union Export ReportingUnder the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Estonia is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Estonia has submitted one or more national reports129 on its arms transfers Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed130 by Estonia. Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified131 by Estonia United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified132 by Estonia United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoAUNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Estonia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects133 UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreUNPoA National ReportingUNPoA National Point of ContactUNPoA National Coordinating BodyUNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportUNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated139 by Estonia to other UN Member States United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Estonia has declared141 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports. United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Estonia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1991142 Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists143 Estonia as a Participating State BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileAbout SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.
SDG 16,144 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).
In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing. Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Estonia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University DisarmamentFirearms Surrendered and SeizedMarking and TracingFirearm MarkingFirearm TracingBallistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Estonia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not71 recorded in a register Global Peace IndexTo see where Estonia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index |
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