Egypt — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Egypt is 

2017: 3,931,0001
2005: 1,900,0002
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Egypt is 

2017: 4.033
2005: 2.5
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Egypt ranked at No. 244
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Egypt ranked at No.1164
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Number of Registered FirearmsThe number of registered guns in Egypt is reported to be 

2017: 250,0001
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Egypt is 

2017: 0.263
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,5 but in Egypt there are estimated to be 

2017: 3,681,0001
Government GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Egypt are reported to have 1,544,7506 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Egypt are reported to have 1,530,0007 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

2008
356
900
563
802
1,448
3,554
1,006
1,388
177
163
212
142
109
117
147
169
139
1579 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.208
0.37
0.95
0.61
0.89
1.65
4.16
1.21
1.71
0.22
0.21
0.28
0.19
0.15
0.16
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.24
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

1808
333
850
517
719
1,344
3,343
920
1,318
156
142
195
126
97
98
124
146
124
132
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.358
0.67
1.76
1.10
1.56
3
7.66
2.16
3.18
0.39
0.36
0.50
0.33
0.26
0.27
0.35
0.42
0.36
0.39
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

208
23
50
46
83
104
211
86
70
21
21
17
16
12
19
23
23
15
25
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.048
0.05
0.11
0.10
0.19
0.24
0.50
0.21
0.18
0.05
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.08
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Homicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual homicides by any means total 

4,62010
4,607
4,421
4,149 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.8810
4.99
5.44
6.33
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual male homicides by any means total 

3,66510
3,605
3,471
2,966
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

7.5810
7.64
8.37
8.85
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual female homicides by any means total 

95610
1,001
951
1,183
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.0610
2.22
2.39
3.70
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Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.In Egypt, annual firearm homicides total 

1,83911
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.088
0.12
0.21
0.18
2.1011
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.29
0.312
0.1
0.3
0.029
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Egypt, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

68%13
23%
43%
49%
43%
39%
59.1%12
45.0%
65.6%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual male firearm homicides total 

218
26
230
51
55
93
150
121
101
24
26
12
14
22
16
12
13
11
10
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.048
0.05
0.46
0.11
0.148
0.22
0.38
0.33
3.8011
0.07
0.07
0.03
0.04
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual female firearm homicides total 

18
4
4
4
9
5
12
10
6
2
2
1
4
1
2
2
2
1
2
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

08
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.5011
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
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Suicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual suicides by any means total 

3,79910
3,524
3,047
2,290 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.0110
3.82
3.75
3.50
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual male suicides by any means total 

3,09510
2,833
2,437
1,821
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.4010
6.01
5.87
5.44
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual female suicides by any means total 

70410
691
610
469
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.5210
1.53
1.53
1.47
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Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual firearm suicides total 

68
29
28
26
5
27
73
95
12914
10
14
11
8
5
16
15
9
8
189 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.018
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.09
0.11
0.16
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual male firearm suicides total 

58
26
26
26
4
26
67
87
121
8
10
9
7
4
13
12
7
7
16
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.018
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.06
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.05
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual female firearm suicides total 

18
3
2
1
1
6
8
8
2
4
2
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

08
0.01
0
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
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Unintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

718
129
460
276
405
939
2,841
479
79214
79
88
107
72
56
52
83
96
85
839 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.078
0.13
0.47
0.29
0.44
1.04
3.24
0.56
0.95
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.12
0.14
0.13
0.13
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

638
125
435
254
358
881
2,681
436
761
69
77
98
69
50
44
70
82
78
69
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.128
0.25
0.88
0.53
0.76
1.92
5.99
1
1.79
0.17
0.19
0.25
0.18
0.13
0.12
0.19
0.23
0.23
0.21
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

88
4
25
22
47
58
160
43
31
10
11
9
3
6
8
13
14
7
14
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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.028
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.13
0.37
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.04
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

1008
167
168
200
317
378
455
279
33514
55
30
80
41
23
29
35
47
30
409 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.108
0.17
0.17
0.21
0.34
0.42
0.52
0.33
0.40
0.07
0.04
0.10
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.04
0.06
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Egypt, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

908
155
149
180
2928
3388
423
255
311
49
26
75
34
19
24
30
43
24
33
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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.178
0.31
0.30
0.37
0.62
0.74
0.94
0.58
0.73
0.12
0.06
0.19
0.09
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.10
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Egypt, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

108
12
19
20
25
40
32
24
24
6
4
5
7
4
5
5
4
6
7
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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.028
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. 
                    Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Egypt, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

4788
290
364
401
311
204
183
231
241 
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.528
0.32
0.42
0.47
0.37
0.25
0.23
0.30
0.32
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Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Egypt, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

3768
234
303
317
249
160
146
164
193
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Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.808
0.51
0.68
0.73
0.59
0.39
0.36
0.41
0.50
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Female Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Egypt, annual female legal-intervention gun homicides total 

1028
56
61
84
62
44
37
67
48
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Rate of Female Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.238
0.13
0.14
0.20
0.15
0.11
0.10
0.18
0.13

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Egypt, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence15 16
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Egypt was ranked 'medium'17 18

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking
Firearm Exports
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Egypt is reported by Customs to be US$

2012: 552,00019
2009: 1,000
2008: 2,120,000
2006: 1,000
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Egypt was categorized as 'unknown'20 
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Firearm ImportsIn Egypt, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law21
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Egypt is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 10,824,00022
2020: 1,414,000
2019: 5,084,000
2018: 3,320,000
2017: 3,056,000
2016: 1,560,000
2015: 2,817,000
2014: 10,384,000
2013: 10,680,000
2012: 1,804,000
2011: 6,865,000
2010: 1,617,000
2009: 777,000
2008: 7,092,000
2007: 337,000
2006: 115,000
2005: 1,222,000
2004: 1,747,000
2003: 68,000
2002: 145,000
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Egypt is high23 24 15 25
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Egypt scored 

2014: 6.7526
2013: 4.2527 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Egypt is categorised as restrictive28
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Egypt includes the the Weapons and Ammunition Law No. 394 of 1954,29 30 as ammended by Law No. 165 of 198131 and Law No. 6 of 201232
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Egypt are regulated by the Ministry of the Interior15 33
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Egypt, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law34 35
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Egypt, civilians are not allowed to possess long guns15 and automatic weapons 36 37
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Egypt, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence15
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Egypt, only licensed gun owners38 37 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Egypt are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm38
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Egypt is 21 years38 31
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Egypt must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, domestic violence, and health38 39 31 40 records
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Egypt stipulates15 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Egypt, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years41 33
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Egypt, the law requires42 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Egypt, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a valid firearms licence43
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Egypt, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful16 44 43
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Egypt do not include15 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Egypt include44 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Egypt include15 16 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Egypt, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit41 32 45
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Egypt, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit41
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Egypt, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm46 is one month in prison and a fine (life imprisonment with hard labour for certain firearms)41 32

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
League of Arab StatesAs a member of the League of Arab States, Egypt adopted the Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material in January 200247
African UnionIn June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Egypt adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200648 49
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed50 by Egypt.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed51 by Egypt
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed52 by Egypt
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Egypt committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects53
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Egypt against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 11054 55 56 57 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Egypt has submitted one or more national reports58 21 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Egypt, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated21
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Egypt, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated21
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Egypt submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent21
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated21 by Egypt to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Egypt has not declared59 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Egypt has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194560
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list61 Egypt as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,62 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual homicides by any means total 

4,62010
4,607
4,421
4,149 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

4.8810
4.99
5.44
6.33
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual male homicides by any means total 

3,66510
3,605
3,471
2,966
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

7.5810
7.64
8.37
8.85
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual female homicides by any means total 

95610
1,001
951
1,183
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

2.0610
2.22
2.39
3.70
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Gun HomicidesIn Egypt, annual firearm homicides total 

1,83911
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.088
0.12
0.21
0.18
2.1011
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.29
0.312
0.1
0.3
0.029
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Egypt, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

68%13
23%
43%
49%
43%
39%
59.1%12
45.0%
65.6%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual male firearm homicides total 

218
26
230
51
55
93
150
121
101
24
26
12
14
22
16
12
13
11
10
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.048
0.05
0.46
0.11
0.148
0.22
0.38
0.33
3.8011
0.07
0.07
0.03
0.04
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual female firearm homicides total 

18
4
4
4
9
5
12
10
6
2
2
1
4
1
2
2
2
1
2
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

08
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.5011
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Egypt, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Marking and Tracing
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Firearm MarkingIn Egypt, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law42
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Firearm TracingIn Egypt, state authorities carry out42 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Egypt ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Egypt on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
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13.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Egypt.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q9963)Full Citation
14.: Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation
15.: United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation
16.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Regulation of Manufacturers and Dealers.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15762)Full Citation
17.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation
18.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Small Arms Transfers to Egypt, 2001-2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11073)Full Citation
19.: International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Exported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16040)Full Citation
20.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation
21.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
22.: International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Imported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16041)Full Citation
23.: Egypt Independent. 2012. ‘Police Find Prohibited Firearms, Ammunition Northeast of Cairo.’ 4 June. (N848) Full Citation
24.: Egypt Independent. 2011. ‘Smuggled, Stolen, and Homemade Guns Flood Egypt's Streets.’ 27 June. (N849) Full Citation
25.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Routes of Smuggled Firearms.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15761)Full Citation
26.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10547)Full Citation
27.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2013.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q6871)Full Citation
28.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
29.: Egypt.1954.‘Weapons and Ammunition Law No. 394 of 1954.’ Weapons and Ammunition Law No. 394 of 1954.Cairo:Egypt,8 July. (Q15758)Full Citation
30.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Firearms Control Legislation & Policy (2013): Egypt.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15764)Full Citation
31.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Restricted Persons.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15760)Full Citation
32.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Offenses and Penalties.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15759)Full Citation
33.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Firearms Licensing Requirements and Restrictions on Use.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15767)Full Citation
34.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
35.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
36.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Prohibited Weapons and Equipment.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15763)Full Citation
37.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Firearms Licensing Requirements and Restrictions on Use.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15766)Full Citation
38.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5415)Full Citation
39.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5382)Full Citation
40.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Firearms Licensing Requirements and Restrictions on Use.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15769)Full Citation
41.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5435)Full Citation
42.: Egypt.2008.‘Marking Procedures.’ National Report of Egypt on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations,1 March. (Q4648)Full Citation
43.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Firearms Licensing Requirements and Restrictions on Use.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15768)Full Citation
44.: Hakim, Yorguy.1992.‘Regulation of Ammunition in Egypt (1992).’ Library of Congress Report: Regulation of Ammunition.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 August. (Q15765)Full Citation
45.: Sadek, George.2013.‘Egypt: Firearms Licensing Requirements and Restrictions on Use.’ Library of Congress Report: Firearms Control Legislation & Policy 2013.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q15770)Full Citation
46.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
47.: League of Arab States / UNODA.2002.‘Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Council of the League of Arab States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q3215)Full Citation
48.: African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation
49.: African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation
50.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
51.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
52.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
53.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
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55.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
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