Egypt — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Egypt is 

2017: 3,931,0001
2007: 1,900,0002
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Egypt is 

2017: 4.101
2007: 3.52
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Egypt ranked at No. 373
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Egypt ranked at No. 1152
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Number of Registered FirearmsThe number of registered guns in Egypt is reported to be 

2017: 250,0001
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,4 but in Egypt there are estimated to be 

2017: 3,681,0001
Government Guns
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Egypt are reported to have 1,544,7505 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Egypt are reported to have 1,530,0006 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

1,2807
1,738
3,918
1,407
1,699
381
346
443
383
1578 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

1.397
1.93
4.47
1.65
2.04
0.47
0.44
0.57
0.51
0.249
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

1,0957
1,578
3,646
1,237
1,567
316
288
359
319
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

2.327
3.43
8.14
2.83
3.68
0.76
0.71
0.91
0.82
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

1857
160
272
170
132
65
58
84
64
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.417
0.36
0.63
0.41
0.32
0.16
0.15
0.22
0.17
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual homicides by any means total 

1467
2297
265
232
190
75
81
65
60
54910 11 12
522
32210 11
471 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.167
0.25
0.30
0.27
0.23
0.09
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.810 11 12
0.7
0.510 11
0.7
0.111
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual male homicides by any means total 

1217
1957
240
197
172
63
70
55
51
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.267
0.42
0.54
0.45
0.40
0.15
0.17
0.14
0.13
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual female homicides by any means total 

257
347
25
35
18
12
11
10
9
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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.067
0.08
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
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Gun HomicidesChartIn Egypt, annual firearm homicides total 

757
1047
185
153
132
33
31
14
21
214
21511
99
219
168 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.087
0.12
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.29
0.311
0.1
0.3
0.028
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Egypt, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

68%10
23%
43%
49%
43%
39%
59.1%11
45.0%
65.6%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual male firearm homicides total 

657
99
172
142
125
30
29
13
16
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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.147
0.22
0.38
0.33
0.29
0.07
0.07
0.03
0.04
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual female firearm homicides total 

107
5
13
11
7
3
2
1
5
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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.027
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
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Suicides (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual suicides by any means total 

497
887
149
211
177
48
52
41
32 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.057
0.10
0.17
0.25
0.21
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.04
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual male suicides by any means total 

357
717
126
172
156
31
40
27
23
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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.077
0.15
0.28
0.39
0.37
0.07
0.10
0.07
0.06
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Egypt, annual female suicides by any means total 

147
177
23
39
21
17
12
14
9
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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.037
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.02
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Gun SuicidesChartIn Egypt, annual firearm suicides total 

57
277
73
95
12913
10
14
11
8
188 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.017
0.03
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.038
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual male firearm suicides total 

47
267
67
87
121
8
10
9
7
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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.017
0.06
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Egypt, annual female firearm suicides total 

17
17
6
8
8
2
4
2
1
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Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

07
0
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
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Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

4057
9397
2,841
479
79213
79
88
107
72
838 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.447
1.04
3.24
0.56
0.95
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.09
0.128
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

3587
8817
2,681
436
761
69
77
98
69
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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.767
1.92
5.99
1
1.79
0.17
0.19
0.25
0.18
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Egypt, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

477
587
160
43
31
10
11
9
3
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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.107
0.13
0.37
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Egypt, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

3177
3787
455
279
33513
55
30
80
41
408 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.347
0.42
0.52
0.33
0.40
0.07
0.04
0.10
0.05
0.068
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Egypt, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

2927
3387
423
255
311
49
26
75
34
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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.627
0.74
0.94
0.58
0.73
0.12
0.06
0.19
0.09
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Egypt, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

257
407
32
24
24
6
4
5
7
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Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.067
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Egypt, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

4787
290
364
401
311
204
183
231
241 
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.527
0.32
0.42
0.47
0.37
0.25
0.23
0.30
0.32
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Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Egypt, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

3767
234
303
317
249
160
146
164
193
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Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.807
0.51
0.68
0.73
0.59
0.39
0.36
0.41
0.50
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Female Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Egypt, annual female legal-intervention gun homicides total 

1027
56
61
84
62
44
37
67
48
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Rate of Female Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Egypt, the annual rate of female legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.237
0.13
0.14
0.20
0.15
0.11
0.10
0.18
0.13

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Egypt, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence14
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Egypt was ranked 'medium'15 16

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking
Firearm Exports
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Egypt is reported by Customs to be US$50,69917 (2011)
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Egypt was categorized as 'unknown'18  
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Firearm ImportsIn Egypt, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law19
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Egypt is reported by Customs to be US$6,865,77717 (2011)20 21 22 23 24
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Egypt is moderate14
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Egypt scored 

2014: 6.7525
2013: 4.2526 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Egypt is categorised as restrictive27
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Egypt are regulated by the Ministry of the Interior14
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Egypt, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law28 29
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Egypt, civilians are not allowed to possess longguns14
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Egypt, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence14
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Egypt, only licensed gun owners30 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Egypt are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm30
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Egypt is 21 years30
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Egypt must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, domestic violence, and health30 31 records
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Egypt stipulates14 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Egypt, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years32
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Egypt, the law requires33 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Egypt do not include14 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Egypt include14 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn Egypt, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law33
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Firearm TracingIn Egypt, state authorities carry out33 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Egypt, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit32
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Egypt, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit32
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Egypt, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm34 is one month in prison and a fine (life imprisonment with hard labour for certain firearms)32

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
League of Arab StatesAs a member of the League of Arab States, Egypt adopted the Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material in January 200235
African UnionIn June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Egypt adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200636 37
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed38 by Egypt.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has not been signed39 by Egypt
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed40 by Egypt
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Egypt committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects41
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Egypt against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 11042 43 44 45 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Egypt has submitted one or more national reports46 19 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Egypt, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated47 19
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Egypt, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated19
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Egypt submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent19
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated19 by Egypt to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Egypt has not declared48 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Egypt has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194549
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list50 Egypt as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry ProfileLink
Conflict ProfileFor a profile of conflict in Egypt, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Egypt ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation
4.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
5.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
6.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
7.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation
8.: Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation
9.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Egypt.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,27 May. (Q8734)Full Citation
10.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Egypt.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q9963)Full Citation
11.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Egypt.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6399)Full Citation
12.: UNODC.2008.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Tenth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2005-2006).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q10)Full Citation
13.: Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation
14.: United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation
15.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation
16.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Small Arms Transfers to Egypt, 2001-2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11073)Full Citation
17.: Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation
18.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation
19.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
20.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Annexe 4.4: Authorized Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons to Egypt, Libya, and Syria, 2001-13.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11079)Full Citation
21.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Largest Exporter of Small Arms to Egypt during 2001-2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11074)Full Citation
22.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Trends in Small Arms Imports per Top Importer and for All Importers, as Reported to UN Comtrade, 2001-2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11072)Full Citation
23.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Importers of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11070)Full Citation
24.: Rigual, Christelle.2015.‘Annexe 4.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11078)Full Citation
25.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10547)Full Citation
26.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2013.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q6871)Full Citation
27.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
28.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
29.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
30.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5415)Full Citation
31.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5382)Full Citation
32.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5435)Full Citation
33.: Egypt.2008.‘Marking Procedures.’ National Report of Egypt on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Egypt to the United Nations,1 March. (Q4648)Full Citation
34.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
35.: League of Arab States / UNODA.2002.‘Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Council of the League of Arab States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q3215)Full Citation
36.: African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation
37.: African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation
38.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
39.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
40.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
41.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
42.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
43.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
44.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
45.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
46.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
47.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
48.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
49.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
50.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

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