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Costa Rica — Gun Facts, Figures and the LawStockpilesGun NumbersCivilian GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.Number of Privately Owned FirearmsRate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationNumber of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Costa Rica ranked at No. 876 Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Costa Rica ranked at No. 644 Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersRate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationNumber of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Costa Rica is reported to be 2018: 246,66910 2017: 244,45510 1 2016: 239,67610 11 2015: 235,39110 7 2014: 230,08610 2013: 224,720 2012: 216,378 2011: 206,89410 3 2010: 197,00110 2009: 190,171 2008: 180,29510 12 5 13 2007: 165,61810 2006: 156,431 2005: 148,39810 4 2004: 142,21810 2003: 136,965 2002: 130,483 2001: 123,540 2000: 115,751 1999: 109,471 1998: 103,90410 3 1997: 98,77110 1996: 93,574 1995: 87,193 1994: 81,401 1993: 73,409 1992: 67,685 1991: 64,106 1990: 60,833 1989: 58,201 Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationEstimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsGovernment GunsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ImpactsDeath and InjuryTotal Number of Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 2019: 43918 2017: 439 2016: 433 2015: 410 2014: 361 2013: 315 2012: 29319 2011: 345 2010: 390 2009: 331 2008: 325 2007: 226 2006: 285 2005: 252 2004: 234 2003: 224 2002: 18720 21 2001: 210 2000: 210 Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleTotal Number of Male Gun DeathsRate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleTotal Number of Female Gun DeathsRate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleHomicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual homicides by any means total 2018: 64122 2017: 658 2016: 626 2015: 575 2014: 477 2013: 411 2012: 407 2011: 474 2010: 527 2009: 409 2008: 392 2007: 268 2006: 351 2005: 335 2004: 280 2003: 300 2002: 258 2001: 257 2000: 249 1999: 24520 1998: 224 1997: 210 1996: 189 1995: 184 Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Costa Rica, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 2018: 12.8522 2017: 13.35 2016: 12.85 2015: 11.94 2014: 10.03 2013: 8.75 2012: 8.78 2011: 10.36 2010: 11.67 2009: 9.18 2008: 8.92 2007: 6.19 2006: 8.0 2005: 7.8 2004: 6.6 2003: 7.2 2002: 6.3 2001: 6.4 2000: 6.4 1999: 6.420 1998: 6.0 1997: 5.8 1996: 5.3 1995: 5.3 Male Homicide Victims (any method)Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)Female Homicide Victims (any method)Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual firearm homicides total 2014: 32723 2013: 278 2012: 261 2011: 300 2010: 349 2009: 271 2008: 275 2007: 179 2006: 21824 20 25 2005: 19620 25 2004: 150 2003: 147 2002: 131 2001: 134 1999: 12620 1998: 118 1997: 108 1996: 95 1995: 87 Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleProportion of Homicides Committed With a GunMale Gun Homicide VictimsRate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Homicide VictimsRate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleSuicides (any method)Blue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual suicides by any means total 2019: 43318 2017: 308 2016: 379 2015: 345 2014: 311 2013: 362 2012: 355 2011: 361 2010: 353 2009: 331 2008: 302 2007: 310 2006: 407 2005: 328 2004: 389 2003: 380 2002: 246 2001: 261 2000: 305 1995: 21121 Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)Male Suicide Victims (any method)Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)Female Suicide Victims (any method)Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)Gun SuicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual firearm suicides total 2019: 4918 2017: 27 2016: 43 2015: 33 2014: 43 2013: 50 2012: 5319 2011: 45 2010: 42 2009: 51 2008: 41 2007: 40 2006: 57 2005: 54 2004: 62 2003: 63 2002: 5321 2001: 55 2000: 63 Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleMale Gun Suicide VictimsRate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Suicide VictimsRate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleUnintentional Gun DeathsBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 2019: 218 2017: 1 2016: 3 2015: 4 2014: 4 2013: 2 2012: 219 2011: 3 2010: 2 2009: 4 2008: 2 2007: 2 2006: 5 2004: 1 2002: 321 2001: 6 2000: 5 Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleUnintentional Male Gun DeathsRate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleUnintentional Female Gun DeathsGun Deaths from Undetermined CauseBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.ChartIn Costa Rica, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 2019: 618 2017: 6 2016: 13 2015: 7 2014: 718 2013: 6 2012: 419 2011: 6 2010: 24 2009: 5 2008: 7 2007: 4 2006: 11 2005: 8 2004: 12 2003: 6 2001: 12 2000: 1021 Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleMale Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseRate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseRate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleLegal Intervention Gun HomicidesBlue-superscript reference numbers which link to sources covering multiple years are only displayed beside the most recent year. Figures without a hyperlink can be found in the next reference above.Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleMale Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesTransfersGun Trade and TraffickingFirearm ExportsFirearm ImportsIn Costa Rica, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law29 30 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 32 37 50 38 39 Firearm Imports (Number)Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Costa Rica is reported by Customs to be US$3,619,98041 (2011) Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Costa Rica is moderate8 Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Costa Rica, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law51 MeasuresGun RegulationFirearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Costa Rica is categorised as restrictive52 Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Costa Rica includes the Arms and Explosives Law No. 7530 of 1995,53 33 its Regulation of 2013,54 the Regulation for the Administration, Use, and Control of Firearms by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport,55 the Agreement No. 180 of 2014 on the Import of Firearms Similar to Prohibited Firearms,56 the Agreement No. 112 of 2015,57 as amended by Agreement No. 122,58 the Circular No. 147 of 2012 on Reducing the Number of Arms Belonging to the State59 and the Directive No. 0 of 201260 Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Costa Rica, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, machine guns, sub-machine guns, as well as rifles and semi-automatic carbines whose magazine can hold more than ten rounds (except rimfire cartridges), silencers and armour-piercing, tracer, explosive and incendiary ammunition70 71 Regulation of Automatic WeaponsRegulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsRegulation of HandgunsGun Ownership and PossessionIn Costa Rica, only licensed gun owners76 69 77 78 79 32 80 28 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionMinimum Age for Firearm PossessionGun Owner Background ChecksReference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Costa Rica, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required95 Partner to be Advised or InterviewedIn Costa Rica, licensing authorities are not required95 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Costa Rica stipulates82 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked Firearm Safety TrainingGun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Costa Rica, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year, only for a special licence to carry a firearm for self-defence69 Licensing RecordsLimit on Number of GunsFirearm RegistrationCivilian Gun RegistrationGun Dealer Record KeepingGun Sales and TransfersRegulation of Private Gun SalesRegulation of Dealer Gun SalesBackground Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Costa Rica is obliged82 to pass official background checks before taking possession Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesWaiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Costa Rica, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined95 Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Costa Rica, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated95 in law Storage and Transport of Guns and AmmunitionFirearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentFirearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Costa Rica include48 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit Gun Free ZonesIn Costa Rica, private guns are prohibited in State facilities, public institutions, health and educational institutions, and in demonstrations or public meetings121 MeasuresInternational ControlsRegional AgreementsCentral American Integration SystemAs a member of the Central American Integration System (SICA), Costa Rica is party to the 2007 Central American Programme on Small Arms Control and the Code of Conduct of Central American States on the Transfer of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Material125 Organization of American StatesOn 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Costa Rica adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified126 127 by Costa Rica Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006128 by Costa Rica. Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified129 by Costa Rica United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified130 by Costa Rica United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoAUNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Costa Rica committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects131 UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreUNPoA National ReportingUNPoA National Point of ContactUNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Costa Rica, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated138 UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Costa Rica submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent139 UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated137 by Costa Rica to other UN Member States UNPoA International Assistance – RecipientFunds for UNPoA implementation have been provided137 to Costa Rica by other UN Member States United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Costa Rica has not declared140 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports. United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Costa Rica has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945141 Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list142 Costa Rica as a Participating State BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileAbout SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.
SDG 16,143 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).
In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing. Homicides (any method)ChartIn Costa Rica, annual homicides by any means total 2018: 64122 2017: 658 2016: 626 2015: 575 2014: 477 2013: 411 2012: 407 2011: 474 2010: 527 2009: 409 2008: 392 2007: 268 2006: 351 2005: 335 2004: 280 2003: 300 2002: 258 2001: 257 2000: 249 1999: 24520 1998: 224 1997: 210 1996: 189 1995: 184 Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Costa Rica, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 2018: 12.8522 2017: 13.35 2016: 12.85 2015: 11.94 2014: 10.03 2013: 8.75 2012: 8.78 2011: 10.36 2010: 11.67 2009: 9.18 2008: 8.92 2007: 6.19 2006: 8.0 2005: 7.8 2004: 6.6 2003: 7.2 2002: 6.3 2001: 6.4 2000: 6.4 1999: 6.420 1998: 6.0 1997: 5.8 1996: 5.3 1995: 5.3 Male Homicide Victims (any method)Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)Female Homicide Victims (any method)Gun HomicidesChartIn Costa Rica, annual firearm homicides total 2014: 32723 2013: 278 2012: 261 2011: 300 2010: 349 2009: 271 2008: 275 2007: 179 2006: 21824 20 25 2005: 19620 25 2004: 150 2003: 147 2002: 131 2001: 134 1999: 12620 1998: 118 1997: 108 1996: 95 1995: 87 Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleProportion of Homicides Committed With a GunMale Gun Homicide VictimsRate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleFemale Gun Homicide VictimsRate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleConflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Costa Rica, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University DisarmamentAuthorities in Costa Rica are known to have144 145 12 146 65 147 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Costa Rica, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 2017: 13,310148 2016: 12,735 2015: 1,711149 2014: 1,960 2013: 1,834150 2012: 2,037151 2011: 2,291 2010/14: 38,000152 153 154 11 2010: 2,453155 2009: 3,333156 2006/08: 14,38212 2004: 3,241157 146 2003: 1,002157 2002: 1,047 Small Arms DestroyedMarking and TracingFirearm MarkingFirearm TracingGlobal Peace IndexTo see where Costa Rica ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Costa Rica on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page |
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