Colombia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Colombia is 

2017: 4,971,0001
2012: 3,200,0002 3 4 5
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Colombia is 

2017: 10.101
2012: 6.92 4 5
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Colombia ranked at No. 306
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Colombia ranked at No. 914
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Colombia is reported to be 

2009: 882,9287 8
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Colombia is 

2009: 2.029
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Colombia is reported to be 

2017: 706,2101
2009: 1,247,6007 10
2006: 706,21011 12 13
2005: 706,21014 4
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Colombia is 

2009: 2.869
2006: 1.6411
2005: 1.709
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,15 but in Colombia there are estimated to be 

2017: 4,264,7901
2009: 800,000 - 2,400,0003
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,15 but in Colombia the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 1.93 to 5.789
Government Guns
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Colombia are reported to have 350,68916 firearms
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Routine Arming of PoliceIn Colombia, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms17
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Colombia are reported to have 283,00018 19 20 3 12 13 21 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Colombia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

8,71822 23 24 25
9,61926 27 28 29
11,96530
13,007
13,858
15,430
14,52831 32 33 34
23,32835 36 37
20,33738 39 40 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

18.659
20.80
26.1630
28.75
30.98
34.91
33.26
59.34
52.74
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Colombia, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

11,17930
12,137
12,882
14,314
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Colombia, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

78330
860
975
1,115
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn Colombia, annual homicides by any means total 

12,78241
13,343
14,73630
15,742
16,681
18,436
17,71742 43 44 45 46
15,25147 43 44 45 48 46
16,318
16,27449 48 43 44 45 46
17,33150 51 43 44 45 48 52 46
18,88853 51 43 44 45 48 52 46
22,17254 51 44 45 48 52 46
28,53455 48 51 44 45 46
27,68535 51 44 36 45 46
25,68156 51 44 45 46
23,20957 58 51 59 46
23,09653 59 58
25,379
26,84253 59
25,398
26,67653
28,048
28,225
28,28053 60
24,30453
22,772
21,604
17,447
15,735
12,922 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

26.5041
27.92
26.1630
28.75
30.98
34.91
39.3942 43 44 45
34.0047 43 44 45
37.15
38.0049 43 44 45
38.0050 43 44 45
42.0053 43 44 45
54.959 44 45
65.0055 44 45
64.035 44 45
61.0056 44 45
56.0057 58 59
54.0053 59 58
61.00
65.0053 59
86.00
89.0053
73.00
53.00
58.0053 60
73.329
70.15
68.00
56.13
51.74
43.44
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Colombia, annual male homicides by any means total 

11,75061
12,170
13,50930
14,417
15,249
16,889
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Colombia, annual female homicides by any means total 

1,03261
1,173
1,22330
1,310
1,423
1,546
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Gun HomicidesChartIn Colombia, annual firearm homicides total 

8,29022
9,13726
11,31830
12,285
13,093
14,511
13,85131 44 58 62 46
10,82063 44 62 48 46
11,60464 48 44 62 46
11,65565 48 44 62 46
12,04366 51 44 62 48 52 46
14,54567 48 59 62 52 51 46
11,30946 62 48 52 51
24,34046 62 48 51
22,45335 36 62 51 46
21,89868 45 51 46
19,55338 51 68 46
18,91068 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

17.749
19.76
24.7430
27.16
29.27
32.83
31.71
25.08
27.249 62 69
27.729 62
29.03
35.549 59 62
28.039 62
61.15
57.11
51.7768 62
50.709 68
46.3568
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Colombia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

71.76%22
72.68%26
77%43
78%43 70
77%44 43
77.60%71 44 43 72
78.18%31 44
77.1%63 48 44
71.3%
71.6%
69.5%48 44 51
82.85%67 48 51
83.5%54 51 48
86.3%55 51 48
85.34%51 35
85.08%51 73
84.25%51
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Colombia, annual male firearm homicides total 

10,58130
11,468
12,175
13,460
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Colombia, annual female firearm homicides total 

73530
808
917
1,050
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Suicides (any method)ChartIn Colombia, annual suicides by any means total 

2,06874
1,87875
2,07530
2,127
2,052
2,118
1,84576 77
1,84078 79 77
1,775
1,75180 79 77
1,78681 82 79 77
1,70183 82 79 77
1,93884 82 79 77
2,04585 82 79 77
2,05686 82 79 36 77
2,07087 82 79 77
2,08988 77 82
2,04687 40
1,69287
1,613
1,59085
1,501 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

5.2274
3.9475
4.5430
4.70
4.59
4.79
4.1076 77
4.0078 79 77
4.00
4.0080 79 77
3.981 79 77
4.169 79 77
4.80
4.785 79 77
4.886 79 77
4.988 79 77
5.0088 77
5.088 40
4.288
4.1
4.185
4.00
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Colombia, annual male suicides by any means total 

1,66930
1,739
1,669
1,720
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Colombia, annual female suicides by any means total 

40530
387
383
398
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Gun SuicidesChartIn Colombia, annual firearm suicides total 

27423
30327
38930
402
406
480
38232 77 33
39589
40490
41582 91
47282 92
56782 84
54982 93
62736 82 94
62182 95
70839 82 40 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.599
0.66
0.8530
0.89
0.91
1.09
0.87
0.93
0.96
1.00
1.15
1.40
1.38
1.59
1.60
1.849 40
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Colombia, annual male firearm suicides total 

36630
381
380
452
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Colombia, annual female firearm suicides total 

2330
20
26
28
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Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Colombia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

1824
1528
3830
42
35
48
4633
7796
2597
3198
5199
60100
7037 36
73101
6440 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.049
0.03
0.4830
0.61
0.72
0.88
0.11
0.18
0.06
0.07
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.19
0.1440
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Colombia, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

3630
40
33
45
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Colombia, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

230
2
2
3
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Colombia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

13625
16429
22030
278
324
391
24934 33
168102
17836
1240 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.299
0.35
0.37
0.48
0.45
0.76
0.57
0.39
0.45
0.0340
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Colombia, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

19630
248
294
357
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Colombia, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

2330
30
30
34
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Non-fatal Gun InjuriesIn Colombia, the annual number of non-fatal firearm injuries is 

6,797103
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Rate of Non-fatal Gun Injury per 100,000 PeopleIn Colombia, the annual rate of non-fatal firearm injury per 100,000 population is 

17.299

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Colombia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited, for all excluding official government manufacturers104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Colombia was ranked 'small'116
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Home-made GunsIn Colombia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high117 118 119

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Colombia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law105 120 121 122 123 115 124 125 126 127
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Colombia is reported by Customs to be US$7,848,243128 (2011)
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Colombia was categorized as 'minor'129
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Firearm ImportsIn Colombia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law104 105 120 121 122 123 115 124 125 126 113
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Colombia is reported by Customs to be US$53,773,869128 (2011)130 131 132 133
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Colombia is high134 135 118 114 136 137 138
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Colombia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law139 140 141
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Colombia include121 142 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Colombia scored 

2014: 8.50143
2013: 8.75144 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Colombia is categorised as restrictive145
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Colombia includes the Constitution, Article 223,104 the Decree 2535 of 1993,146 the Decree 0006 of 1993,147 the Decree 356 of 1994,147 the Decree 1809 of 1994,148 the Decree 2685 of 1999,149 the Law 599 of 2000 (Penal Code), Articles 365 and 366, as amended by Articles 38 and 55 of the Law 1142 of 2007, the Law 1119 of 2006150 the Decree 626 of 2001,147 the Decree 334 and Decree 1612 of 2002147
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Colombia are regulated by the Arms Committee of the Ministry of National Defence,151 152 the Head of the Department for the Trade Control of Arms, Ammunition and Explosives, the Chiefs of Staff of the Tactical Operations Units or their equivalent in the Navy or the Air Force and the Executive and Deputy-Heads of Tactical Units of the National Army, or their equivalents in the Navy and the Air Force153
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Colombia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law154 155 104 156
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Colombia, civilians are not allowed to possess pistols and revolvers of calibre superior to 9.652mm, automatic arms, semi-automatic rifles and carbines over .22 calibre LR, arms with military-style devices (infrared and laser sights, grenade launchers and silencers),157 148 158 and explosive, toxic, expanding and fragmenting ammunition 159
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Colombia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited with only narrow exemptions157 160 161 162 70
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Colombia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited with only narrow exemptions157 162
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Colombia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence163 157 160 161 162 70
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn Colombia,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law163 157 70
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Colombia, only licensed gun owners104 156 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 107 171 172 173 70 152 113 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Colombia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example personal protection, security, hunting, target shooting, collection174 170 165 175 168 171 172 173
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Colombia is 18 years173
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Colombia must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, health and addiction170 176 173 70 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Colombia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required177
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Partner to be Advised or InterviewedIn Colombia, licensing authorities are not required177 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Colombia stipulates178 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn Colombia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required (for surveillance or private security services)179 for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Colombia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every ten years (for firearms not to be carried outside of the house or property),168 three years (for self-defence) and one year (for restricted weapons)180 181
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Licensing RecordsIn Colombia, authorities maintain a record182 183 12 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Colombia are permitted to possess two firearms for individuals169 161 and up to five firearms for legal persons and rural properties184 185 186
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Colombia are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition177
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Colombia, the law requires187 188 182 162 189 183 12 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Colombia, licensed firearm dealers are required113 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Colombia, licensed gun makers are required109 190 187 188 113 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Colombia, State agencies are required187 188 182 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Colombia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited,105 except in rare cases and with authorisation191 192 193
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Colombia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful105 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 113 114
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Number of Licensed Gun DealersThe number of licensed firearm dealers in Colombia is reported to be 

2006: 34115 114
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Colombia, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined177
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Colombia, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated177 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Colombia include198 172 199 200 181 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Colombia include109 108 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Colombia include200 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Colombia include166 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn Colombia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law111 201 202 203 204 205 189 113
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Firearm TracingIn Colombia, state authorities carry out182 206 207 113 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
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Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Colombia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not203 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
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Law Regulates Firearms in PublicIn Colombia, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law104 156 208 180 169 181 70 10 113
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Colombia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit104 156 208 180 169 181 70 10
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Colombia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit104 156 208 180 169 181 70 10
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Gun Free ZonesIn Colombia, private guns are prohibited in political meetings, elections or public corporations' meetings104
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Colombia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm209 is 12 years in prison210 211 181 212
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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction ProgrammesAuthorities in Colombia are known to have213 214 215 216 217 218 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
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Surrendered in Gun AmnestyChartIn Colombia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 

2010: 250216
2005: 418,688219
2004: 743,688
2003-06: 18,051220
2003: 488219
1996-97: 2,688
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Colombia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2013: 44,139221 222 223
2012: 75,213
2011: 42,062224 223
2010: 44,572223
2009: 47,941225 226 227
2008: 45,725225
2007: 56,682228 217 229
2006: 70,036228 230
2005: 20,967231
2004: 71,937232 231
2003: 54,756
2002: 18,409231
2001: 15,195
2000: 15,637
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Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Colombia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

2013: 41,073222
2012: 74,359
2011: 42,052233
2010: 9,487216
2009: 26,014215 7
2008: 27,864
2007: 28,103217 7
2005: 418,688219
2004: 743,688
2003/06: 141,719234
2003: 488
2002: 15,026218
1997: 2,688219
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Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Colombia, it is not state policy235 236 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Andean CommunityAs a member of the Andean Community, Colombia 

adopted Decision 552: The Andean Plan to Prevent, Fight and Eradicate Illicit Trafficking in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects in June, 2003237
Organization of American StatesOn 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Colombia adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified238 239 by Colombia
United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeThe UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists240 Colombia as an elected member
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2008241 by Colombia.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified242 by Colombia
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed243 by Colombia
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Colombia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects244
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Colombia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 36245 246 247 248 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Colombia has submitted one or more national reports249 250 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Colombia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated251 250
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Colombia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated251
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Colombia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent252 251
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated250 by Colombia to other UN Member States
UNPoA International Assistance – RecipientFunds for UNPoA implementation have been provided250 to Colombia by other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Colombia has declared253 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Colombia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945254
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list255 Colombia as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry ProfileLink
Conflict ProfileFor a profile of conflict in Colombia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Colombia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Estimated Total Small Arms, Firearms, and Surpluses in Colombia, Rounded.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5304)Full Citation
4.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
5.: Aguirre, Katherine, Robert Muggah, Jorge A. Restrepo, and Michael Spagat.2006.‘Colombia's Hydra: The Many Faces of Gun Violence.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q9976)Full Citation
6.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation
7.: Jimeno, Rafael Hani.2010.‘Registration System, Control and Traceability of Firearms and Ammunition in Colombia (Sistema de registro, control y trazabilidad de las armas y municiones en Colombia).’ IX Seminar: Control of Arms Transfers and Trafficking - Compilation (IX Seminario: Control del Tráfico y Transferencia de Armas de Fuego - Sistematización).Santa Marta:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,25 February. (Q8986)Full Citation
8.: Calvani, Sandro and Stefan Liller.2006.‘Permits to Possess and to Carry Firearms Granted to Natural Persons.’ Violence, Crime and Illegal Arms Trafficking in Colombia.Bogota:United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC),1 December. (Q11630)Full Citation
9.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Colombia.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,31 August. (Q4217)Full Citation
10.: Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Country Analyses: Colombia.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q9771)Full Citation
11.: OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Legally Registered Civilian Firearms.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9208)Full Citation
12.: Urrutia, Nicolas, Miguel Ortegoa, Gustavo Andrade and An Vranckx.2009.‘Record-keeping.’ Arms Tracing: Perspectives on Control, Traffic and Use of Illegal Weapons in Colombia.Bogotá:University of Ghent, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belgium, Fundación Ideas para la Paz (FIP),1 November. (Q9973)Full Citation
13.: Calvani, Sandro and Stefan Liller.2006.‘Legal Arms.’ Violence, Crime and Illegal Arms Trafficking in Colombia.Bogota:United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC),1 December. (Q11628)Full Citation
14.: Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Country Summaries - Colombia.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5305)Full Citation
15.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
16.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
17.: Colombia.2008.‘Police Firearms Carrying (Porte de Armas del Personal de Policia).’ Colombian Police Patrolling Guidelines (Manual de patrullaje urbano).Bogota:Colombian National Police,1 January. (Q11649)Full Citation
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170.: Colombia.1993.‘Requirements for the Request of an Ownership Permit (Requisitos para Solicitud de Permiso para Tenencia).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q9740)Full Citation
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177.: Colombia.1993.‘Scope (Ambito).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogotá:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q12039)Full Citation
178.: Colombia.2008.‘Protection Measures in Cases of Domestic Violence (Medidas de Protección en Casos de Violencia Intrafamiliar).’ Law 1257 of 2008 on Violence and Discrimination against Women (Ley 1257 de 2008 sobre Violencia y Discriminación contra las Mujeres).Bogotá:Congress of Colombia,4 December. (Q5143)Full Citation
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185.: Colombia.1993.‘Authorisations for Rural Properties (Autorizaciones para Inmuebles Rurales).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q9738)Full Citation
186.: Colombia.1993.‘Use of Firearms by Private Security and Surveillance Services (Uso de Armas para Servicios de Vigilancia y Seguridad Privada).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q9754)Full Citation
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191.: Colombia.1993.‘Request for the Transfer of the Use of Firearms (Solicitud para la Cesión del Uso de Armas).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q9742)Full Citation
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197.: Colombia.1994.‘Ammunition Sale for Private Security (Venta de Munición para Seguridad Privada).’ Decree No. 1809 of 1994, Firearms Regulation.Bogota:President of the Republic of Colombia,3 August. (Q9769)Full Citation
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227.: Colombia.2010.‘Information Exchange (Intercambio de Información).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q9773)Full Citation
228.: Colombia.2008.‘Types of Seized Firearms 2006–2007 (Incautación de Armas según Clase 2006-2007).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q9778)Full Citation
229.: Urrutia, Nicolas, Miguel Ortegoa, Gustavo Andrade and An Vranckx.2009.‘Seized Firearms.’ Arms Tracing: Perspectives on Control, Traffic and Use of Illegal Weapons in Colombia.Bogotá:University of Ghent, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belgium, Fundación Ideas para la Paz (FIP),1 November. (Q9974)Full Citation
230.: Cellone, Maria Paula.2010.‘Firearm Collection Programmes (Planes de Recolección de Armas).’ Plurinational Meeting: Transfer and Illicit trafficking in Firearms: Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile.New York, NY:Fundación Arias para la Paz y el Progreso Humano (ARIAS) y el Centro de Estudios Judiciales,4 October. (Q11398)Full Citation
231.: Calvani, Sandro and Stefan Liller.2006.‘Firearms Seized by the Police 2000-2005.’ Violence, Crime and Illegal Arms Trafficking in Colombia.Bogota:United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC),1 December. (Q11631)Full Citation
232.: Colombia.2006.‘Seized Firearms and Ammunition 2003-2004 (Armas de Fuego Incautadas 2003-2004).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,14 March. (Q9782)Full Citation
233.: Colombia.2012.‘Collection (Recogida).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,2 March. (Q9930)Full Citation
234.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q11758)Full Citation
235.: Colombia.2014.‘Surplus.’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,2 March. (Q9925)Full Citation
236.: Colombia.2016.‘Surplus (Excedentes).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 April. (Q12305)Full Citation
237.: UNODA.2003.‘Decision 552: Andean Plan to Prevent, Fight and Eradicate Illicit Trafficking in Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its Aspects.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Andean Community / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,11 April. (Q3220)Full Citation
238.: OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation
239.: OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington, DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation
240.: UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation
241.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
242.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
243.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
244.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
245.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
246.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
247.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
248.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
249.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
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