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China — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in China is

2017: 49,735,0001
2005: 40,000,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in China is

2017: 3.583
2005: 3.03

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, China ranked at No. 34

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, China ranked at No.1215

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in China is reported to be

2017: 680,0001
2007: 680,0002

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in China is

2017: 0.053
2007: 0.05

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,6 but in China there are estimated to be

2017: 49,055,0001
2005: 39,320,0002

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of China are reported to have 27,466,4007 firearms

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Routine Arming of Police

In China, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms8

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in China are reported to have 1,971,0009 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn China, annual homicides by any means total

2018: 7,52510
2017: 7,990
2016: 8,634
2015: 9,200
2014: 10,083
2013: 10,640
2012: 11,286
2011: 12,015
2010: 13,41011 12
2009: 14,667
2008: 14,811
2007: 16,119
2006: 17,973
2005: 20,770
2004: 24,711
2003: 24,393
2002: 26,276

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn China, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2018: 0.5310
2017: 0.56
2016: 0.61
2015: 0.65
2014: 0.72
2013: 0.76
2012: 0.82
2011: 0.87
2010: 0.98
2009: 1.10
2008: 1.12
2007: 1.22
2006: 1.4
2005: 1.6
2004: 1.9
2003: 1.9
2002: 2.0
2001: 2.1613
2000: 2.25
1999: 2.19
1998: 2.23
1997: 2.14
1996: 2.11
1995: 2.27

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn China, annual male homicides by any means total

2014: 6,67114
2010: 10,47314

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In China, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.9314

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn China, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 3,41214
2010: 2,937

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In China, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.5114

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn China, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 136,26715
2015: 134,700
2010: 148,503
2000: 170,908
1999: 178,67516

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn China, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.9215
2015: 9.85
2010: 11.11
2000: 13.48
1999: 13.7016

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn China, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 65,93615
2015: 64,312
2010: 65,459
2000: 74,182

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn China, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 9.3315
2015: 9.14
2010: 9.51
2000: 11.35

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn China, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 70,33015
2015: 70,388
2010: 83,044
2000: 96,726

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn China, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 10.5415
2015: 10.60
2010: 12.81
2000: 15.73

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In China, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence17 18 19 20 21 22 23

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, China was ranked 'major'24

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Firearm Exports

In China, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

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Firearm Exports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from China is reported by manufacturers to be

2017: 1,94036
2016: 349
2015: 100
2014: 3
2013: 329
2012: 329
2011: 310
2009: 648
2008: 25,251
2007: 19,606
2006: 2,456

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from China is reported by Customs to be US$

2017: 232,000,000
2016: 121,000,00037
2015: 63,454,77438
2014: 46,871,214
2013: 68,480,066
2012: 56,520,56038 39 40
2011: 19,344,55041
2010: 89,000,00042
2001: 10,000,00039

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, China was categorized as 'major'43 44 45 46 47

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Firearm Imports

In China, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law25 35

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Firearm Imports (Number)

ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to China is reported to be

2017: 34236
2016: 62
2015: 17
2014: 83
2013: 8
2012: 3
2011: 110
2010: 106
2009: 363
2008: 59
2007: 370

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to China is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 3,498,00048
2020: 6,745,000
2019: 4,730,000
2018: 5,341,000
2017: 2,767,000
2016: 10,088,000
2015: 4,749,000
2014: 3,736,000
2013: 3,036,000
2012: 5,604,000
2011: 5,287,000
2010: 1,346,000
2009: 3,910,000
2008: 1,281,000
2007: 990,000
2006: 826,000
2005: 469,000
2004: 804,000
2003: 772,000
2002: 752,000
:

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in China is moderate49 50

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In China, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law51 35

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in China include52 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

ChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, China scored

2020: 8.75
2019: 8.7553
2018: 8.2554
2016: 7.0055
2014: 7.0056
2013: 6.5057
2012: 7.0058
2011: 8.0059
2010: 8.0060
2009: 7.5061
2008: 7.5062
2007: 7.5063
2006: 7.5064
2005: 7.5065
2004: 7.5066

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in China is categorised as restrictive67

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in China includes the Law on the Control of Firearms 1996,68 Firearm Regulation and the Public Security Organs69 49, Regulations on the Administration of Weaponry Research and Production Licensing, 18 70 Measures for the Implementation of Weaponry Research and Production Licensing,71 Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Military Products Export,72 the Gun Management Law of the People's Republic of China73

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in China are regulated by the the National Defence, Science, Technology and Industry Department,74 75 and the State76

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Right to Possess Firearms

In China, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law77 78 79

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In China, civilians are not allowed to possess any firearms80

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In China, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited80 81

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In China, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited80

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Regulation of Handguns

In China, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted for hunting with permission only49 81

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In China, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law81

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In China, no civilian (private ownership prohibited, Govt.-issued firearms are allocated to those in genuine need)82 83 80 81 84 85 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in China are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, sports shooting, animal control (strictly restricted)83

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in China must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health and domestic violence49 81 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In China, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required79

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in China stipulates49 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In China, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required86 for a firearm licence

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Licensing Records

In China, authorities maintain a record21 85 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in China are permitted to possess only the nature and number of firearms distributed by the State82 80

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In China, the law requires87 88 85 35 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In China, licensed firearm dealers are required87 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In China, State agencies are required87 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In China, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited17 80

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In China, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful17 80

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Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In China, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to the number of firearms and ammunition specified in the special permit issued by the public security organs under the people's government at provincial level17

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In China, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined79

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In China, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated80 89 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in China include90 91 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in China do not include79 91 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in China include92 91 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in China include93 94 89 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In China, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed without a permit (with some restrictions)49 81

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In China, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed without a permit, with some restrictions49 81

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In China, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm95 is up to two years in prison96 97

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

The UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists98 China as an elected member

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed99 by China.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been acceded to100 101 by China

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed, but not yet ratified102 by China

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, China committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects103

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored China against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 42104 105 106 107 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, China has submitted one or more national reports108 109 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In China, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated109

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In China, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated109

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of China submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent109

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated109 by China to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided109 to China by other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, China has not declared110 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, China has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945111

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list112 China as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,113 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn China, annual homicides by any means total

2018: 7,52510
2017: 7,990
2016: 8,634
2015: 9,200
2014: 10,083
2013: 10,640
2012: 11,286
2011: 12,015
2010: 13,41011 12
2009: 14,667
2008: 14,811
2007: 16,119
2006: 17,973
2005: 20,770
2004: 24,711
2003: 24,393
2002: 26,276

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn China, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2018: 0.5310
2017: 0.56
2016: 0.61
2015: 0.65
2014: 0.72
2013: 0.76
2012: 0.82
2011: 0.87
2010: 0.98
2009: 1.10
2008: 1.12
2007: 1.22
2006: 1.4
2005: 1.6
2004: 1.9
2003: 1.9
2002: 2.0
2001: 2.1613
2000: 2.25
1999: 2.19
1998: 2.23
1997: 2.14
1996: 2.11
1995: 2.27

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn China, annual male homicides by any means total

2014: 6,67114
2010: 10,47314

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In China, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.9314

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn China, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 3,41214
2010: 2,937

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In China, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.5114

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in China, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

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Disarmament

Authorities in China are known to have114 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In China, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be

2014: 150,000115

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Small Arms Destroyed

ChartIn China, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2020: 69,000116
2013130000117:
2012: 100,000118
2005-2008: 291,000114

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In China, it is state policy114 119 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In China, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law120 121 122 123

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Firearm Tracing

In China, state authorities carry out124 109 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In China, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not originally79 recorded in a register

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where China ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on China on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

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