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Chad — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Chad is

2017: 151,0001
2007: 109,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Chad is

2017: 11
2007: 1.12

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Chad ranked at No. 1363

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Chad ranked at No. 1492

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Chad are reported to have 25,0204 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Chad are reported to have 34,0005 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Chad, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 1,266.496
2012: 9077
2010: 1,151.12
2008: 1,6868

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Chad, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 8.836
2012: 7.37
2010: 9.60
2008: 15.88
2004: 19.009
2002: 11.60

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Chad, annual male homicides by any means total

2015: 1,01310
2010: 82010

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Chad, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 14.4510

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Chad, annual female homicides by any means total

2015: 25410
2010: 332

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Chad, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 3.6210

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Chad, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only with government authorisation11 12

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Firearm Exports

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Chad is reported by Customs to be US$22,85513 (2011)

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Firearm Imports

In Chad, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law14 15 16 12 17

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Chad is reported by Customs to be US$013 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Chad is moderate18 19 20

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Chad, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law21 22 17 23

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Chad do not include21 22 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Chad is categorised as permissive24

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Chad includes the Judicial Decree No. 26/PG INT of 28 October 1968 governing the import, transit, sale and possession of firearms and ammunition in the Republic of Chad and the Decree No. 226 of 1 August 1969 on the modalities for applying Judicial Decree No. 26/PG/INT of 28 October 1968 governing the import, transit, sale and possession firearms and ammunition in the Republic of Chad17

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Chad are regulated by the National Commission for Disarmament, the Security Committee for the city of N'Djamena, the Prefectural Committees for security in administrative departments,25 the sub-committee for security for the city of N'Djamena, the Parliament, the Home Office special delegations acting on behalf of the President of the Republic,15 26 the Police and the Gendarmerie27 28 17 29

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Chad, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law30 31 16 32

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Chad, civilians are not allowed to possess weapons of war26

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Chad, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited26

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Chad, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited26

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Regulation of Handguns

In Chad, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence26

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Chad, only licensed gun owners16 32 12 26 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Chad are not required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm21 22

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Chad is undefined21 22

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Chad must pass a background check which considers criminal33 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Chad, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required21 22

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Chad does not stipulate21 22 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Chad, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required21 22 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Chad, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one year32

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Chad are permitted to possess no more than 2 hunting firearms, with the option for 1 additional rifle for those licensed to hunt big game. There is no limit for non-rifled firearms as part of a decorative collection34

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Chad are permitted to possess up to 75 cartridges for sophisticated rifled firearms, 150 smoothbore cartridges, 200 cartridges for non-rifled firearms for decorative use, 100 airgun pellets, and 25 bullets for handguns, pistols and revolvers35

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Chad, the law requires36 37 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Chad, licensed firearm dealers are required25 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Chad, licensed gun makers are required25 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Chad, State agencies are required36 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Chad, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without authorisation from the Minister of the Interior26 38 12

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Chad, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful12 38 26

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Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Chad is obliged33 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Background Checks for Dealer Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Chad is obliged33 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Chad, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined21 22

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Chad, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated38 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Chad include39 12 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Chad include39 12 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Chad do not include40 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Chad do not include21 22 23 17 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Chad, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is not required by law21 22

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Firearm Tracing

In Chad, state authorities do not carry out21 22 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Chad, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not21 22 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Chad, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit32 16 26

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Chad, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit32 16 26

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Chad, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm41 is six months to five years in prison and a fine of 150,000 to 1,000,000 francs12

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Chad are known to have19 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Chad, it is not state policy42 43 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Chad adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200644 45 46

United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa

In November 2010, as a member of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (UNSAC), Chad adopted the Central Africa Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition, Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly, known as the ‘Kinshasa Convention. A legally binding multilateral treaty for which UNSAC is depository, the Kinshasa Convention has since been signed and ratified47 48 49 by Chad

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 201450 by Chad.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified51 by Chad

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed52 by Chad

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Chad committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects53

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Chad against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 15154 55 56 57 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Chad has submitted one or more national reports58 59 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Chad, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated60 59

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Chad, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated60

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Chad submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent59

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated59 by Chad to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Chad has not declared61 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Chad has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196062

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list63 Chad as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Chad, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Chad ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

6.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 May. (Q13355)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2014.‘Homicides in Chad.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q9956)Full Citation

8.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Chad.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6405)Full Citation

9.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

10.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

11.

Chad.1968.‘Article 4.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4115)Full Citation

12.

Chad.1968.‘Article 11.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4119)Full Citation

13.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

14.

Chad.1968.‘Article 1.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4112)Full Citation

15.

Chad.1968.‘Article 2.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4122)Full Citation

16.

Chad.1968.‘Article 5.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4116)Full Citation

17.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Comparison of the Main Regulatory Aspects Examined - Chad.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q4005)Full Citation

18.

Chad.2003.‘Brief historical overview of the rise of the proliferation and illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons in Chad.’ National Report of Chad on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Chad to the United Nations,16 July. (Q4330)Full Citation

19.

Chad.2003.‘Status and factors facilitating movements of illicit small arms and light weapons in Chad.’ National Report of Chad on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Chad to the United Nations,16 July. (Q4331)Full Citation

20.

AEFJN.2010.‘Countries that Send Arms to Embargoed Territories.’ Arms Exports and Transfers: From Sub-Saharan Africa to Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network,1 December. (Q5101)Full Citation

21.

Chad.1968.‘Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance of October 28, 1968.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4316)Full Citation

22.

Chad.1968.‘Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969 (Décret n°226 du 1er août 1969).’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4326)Full Citation

23.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Transactions and Activities Covered - Imports, Exports, Transit and Brokering.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5013)Full Citation

24.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

25.

Chad.1968.‘Article 3.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4123)Full Citation

26.

Chad.1968.‘Article 5.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4124)Full Citation

27.

Chad.2003.‘Framework of Actions (Cadres d'actions).’ National Report of Chad on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Chad to the United Nations,16 July. (Q3843)Full Citation

28.

Chad.2003.‘Legal and Regulatory Framework (Cadre légal et réglementaire).’ National Report of Chad on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Chad to the United Nations,16 July. (Q3844)Full Citation

29.

Chad.1968.‘Article 10.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4118)Full Citation

30.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

31.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

32.

Chad.1968.‘Article 6.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4117)Full Citation

33.

Chad.1968.‘Article 6.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4125)Full Citation

34.

Chad.1968.‘Article 7.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4126)Full Citation

35.

Chad.1968.‘Article 23.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4128)Full Citation

36.

Chad.1968.‘Article 12.’ Decree No 226 of August 1, 1969, Implementing the Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4127)Full Citation

37.

Abdulai, Napoleon.2002.‘Small Arms in Chad.’ IANSA News, Dec 2002.London:International Action Network on Small Arms / IANSA,1 December. (Q5118)Full Citation

38.

Chad.1968.‘Article 3.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4114)Full Citation

39.

Chad.1968.‘Article 2.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4113)Full Citation

40.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Analysis of National Arms Transfer Control Systems - Arms Categories Covered.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5012)Full Citation

41.

GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation

42.

Chad.1968.‘Article 12.’ Ordinance No 26/PG-INT of October 28, 1968, Regulating Import, Transport, Sale, and Possession of Firearms and Ammunition in the Republic of Chad.N'djamena:Government of the Republic of Chad,28 October. (Q4121)Full Citation

43.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Africa and Arms Transfers - Stockpiles.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5010)Full Citation

44.

African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

45.

African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation

46.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Analysis of National Arms Transfer Control Systems - Outmoded and Incomplete Regulation.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5011)Full Citation

47.

UNODA / UNREC.2010.‘Kinshasa Convention: Central Africa Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition, Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly.’ United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa (UNREC).Kinshasa:United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (UNSAC),22 November. (Q3320)Full Citation

48.

UNDPI.2010.‘United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa Adopts Convention on Small Arms Control.’ United Nations Press Release AFR/1974 DC/3237.New York, NY:UN Department of Public Information,12 May. (Q1940)Full Citation

49.

UNODA.2010.‘United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa adopts Convention on Small Arms Control.’ UNODA Update.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,3 July. (Q5095)Full Citation

50.

GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation

51.

UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation

52.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

53.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

54.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation

55.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

56.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation

57.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation

58.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

59.

UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation

60.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

61.

UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

62.

UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

63.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation