Find Gun Policy Facts

Armed violence prevention, gun control laws and the small arms trade:

Go To ..

Burundi — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Burundi is

2017: 238,0001
2009: 100,0002 3 4

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Burundi is

2017: 2.01
2007: 1.25 4

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Burundi ranked at No. 1166

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Burundi ranked at No. 1454

Compare
Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Burundi is reported to be 4,1392 3

Compare
Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Burundi is 0.055

Compare
Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,7 but in Burundi there are estimated to be

2007: 100,0008 9 10 11

Compare
Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Unregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,7 but in Burundi the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 1.25

Government Guns

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Burundi are reported to have 75,96012 firearms

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Burundi are reported to have 24,27813 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

Compare
Total Number of Gun Deaths

In Burundi, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2008: 1,00014

Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

In Burundi, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2008: 10.945

Compare
Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Burundi, annual homicides by any means total

2015: 48115
2014: 43616
2013: 416
2012: 451
2011: 34917
2010: 347
2009: 376
2008: 1,726

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Burundi, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2015: 4.485
2014: 4.0316
2013: 3.97
2012: 4.45
2011: 3.56
2010: 3.67
2009: 4.6
2008: 21.7
2006: 2.9018
2005: 1.20
2004: 35.40
2002: 18.00
1998: 9.68

Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)

In Burundi, annual male homicides by any means total

2010: 24419

Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)

In Burundi, annual female homicides by any means total

2010: 10319

Gun Homicides

Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

In Burundi, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2013: 41%20

Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Burundi, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2008: 1,00014

Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Burundi, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2008: 10.945

Compare
Non-fatal Gun Injuries

In Burundi, the annual number of non-fatal firearm injuries is

2008: 1,20014

Compare
Rate of Non-fatal Gun Injury per 100,000 People

In Burundi, the annual rate of non-fatal firearm injury per 100,000 population is

2008: 13.135

ProductionGun Industry

Compare
Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Burundi, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence, but is not conducted in practice21 22

Compare
Home-made Guns

In Burundi, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high23 24 25

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Compare
Firearm Exports

In Burundi, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Burundi is reported by Customs to be US$034 (2011)

Compare
Firearm Imports

In Burundi, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law26 35 27 28 29 36 37 30 31 32 33

Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Burundi is reported by Customs to be US$262,81834 (2011)

Compare
Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Burundi is high23 38 39 40 41 42 43

Compare
Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Burundi, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law44 30

Compare
End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Burundi include28 45 30 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

Compare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Burundi is categorised as restrictive46

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Burundi includes the Law No. 1/14 of 28 August 2009 Governing the System for Small Arms and Light Weapons47 30

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Burundi are regulated by the Ministry responsible for public security functions,30 48 26 49 the Ministry responsible for supervising arms imports to defence and security forces,30 35 the Police and the Armed Forces50 51

Compare
Right to Possess Firearms

In Burundi, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law52 53 54 55

Compare
Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Burundi, civilians are not allowed to possess firearms other than hunting and repeat action rifles48

Compare
Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Burundi, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited48 20

Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Burundi, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited48

Compare
Regulation of Handguns

In Burundi, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited, with some exceptions for self-defence firearms48 56 20

Compare
Law Regulates Long Guns

In Burundi, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law48 20

Compare
Gun Ownership and Possession

In Burundi, only licensed gun owners54 48 57 55 58 20 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Burundi are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example for reasons of personal safety, practice of sports shooting and hunting.54 56 59 55

Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Burundi is 25 years60

Compare
Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Burundi must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, health and domestic violence60 55 20 records

Compare
Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Burundi, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required61

Compare
Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Burundi stipulates60 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

Compare
Firearm Safety Training

In Burundi, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required61 for a firearm licence

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Burundi, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years59

Compare
Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Burundi are permitted to possess only one gun62

Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Burundi are permitted to possess only 40 rounds of ammunition62

Firearm Registration

Compare
Civilian Gun Registration

In Burundi, the law requires51 63 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Burundi, licensed gun makers are required64 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

Compare
State-Owned Firearm Records

In Burundi, State agencies are required51 65 66 67 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

Compare
Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Burundi, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited54 49

Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Burundi, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful49 68 69

Compare
Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Burundi, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined61

Compare
Regulation of Gun Shows

In Burundi, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated61 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Burundi do not include61 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Burundi do not include61 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Burundi include67 70 71 66 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Burundi do not include72 73 31 33 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm Marking

In Burundi, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law36 74 64 75 63 76

Compare
Firearm Tracing

In Burundi, state authorities carry out77 76 36 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Carrying Guns

Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Burundi, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit56 57 59 20

Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Burundi, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit56 57 59 20

Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Burundi, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm78 is 10 years in prison and a fine79

Compare
Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Burundi are known to have80 71 81 82 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

Compare
Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

ChartIn Burundi, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be

2009: 10,00011 83 84
2006: 5,72985 86
2004: 5,40487

Compare
Firearms Surrendered and Seized

ChartIn Burundi, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be

2017: 8,38688
2016: 13,547
2013: 9389
2009/12: 22,20290

Compare
Small Arms Destroyed

ChartIn Burundi, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be

2017: 97791
2016: 39
2009: 7,00083 84
2006: 1,66092
2005: 311

Compare
Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Burundi, it is state policy67 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Burundi adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200693 94

Regional Centre on Small Arms

In March 2000, as a member of the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA), Burundi adopted the Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa, then on 21 April 2004 adopted the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States, a legally-binding multilateral protocol of which the RECSA is depository. The Nairobi Protocol has since been signed, and ratified95 96 by Burundi

United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa

In November 2010, as a member of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (UNSAC), Burundi adopted the Central Africa Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition, Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly, known as the ‘Kinshasa Convention. A legally binding multilateral treaty for which UNSAC is depository, the Kinshasa Convention has since been signed, but not yet ratified97 98 99 by Burundi

Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2007100 by Burundi.

Compare
Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified101 by Burundi

Compare
United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified102 by Burundi

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Burundi committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects103

Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Burundi against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 40104 105 106 107 among 159 Member States

Compare
UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Burundi has submitted one or more national reports108 109 on its implementation of the UNPoA

Compare
UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Burundi, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated110 109

Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Burundi, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated110 109

Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Burundi submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent110 109

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated109 by Burundi to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided109 to Burundi by other UN Member States

Compare
United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Burundi has not declared111 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Burundi has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1962112

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list113 Burundi as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Burundi, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Burundi ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Savannah de Tessières.2009.‘Arms in Circulation in Burundi - Possession Figures.’ Insecurity is Also a War: An Assessment of Armed Violence in Burundi.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat / Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,,1 January. (Q5088)Full Citation

3.

Small Arms Survey.2007.‘Armed Violence in Burundi: Conflict and post-conflict Bujumbura.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5103)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

5.

GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Burundi.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,4 May. (Q5472)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

7.

GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation

8.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Distribution of Arms - Distribution among Civilians by Province.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5078)Full Citation

9.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Distribution of Arms - Distribution among Civilians by Province.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5079)Full Citation

10.

Small Arms Survey.2007.‘Armed Violence in Burundi: Conflict and post-conflict Bujumbura.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5102)Full Citation

11.

Agence France Presse. 2009. ‘Burundi Disarmament Drive Nets Over 70,000 Weapons.’ 28 October. (N220) Full Citation

12.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

13.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

14.

Gonzales, Gustavo K, Danae Pauli and Martina Bacigalupo.2010.‘Small Arms Control.’ Burundi Report: 2008 Towards 2010.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),1 August. (Q5352)Full Citation

15.

Burundi Africa Generation. 2016. ‘Burundi: 481 Homicides Linked to Armed Violence in 2015 - CNAP.’ 28 April. (N573) Full Citation

16.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 May. (Q13355)Full Citation

17.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Burundi.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6424)Full Citation

18.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington, DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

19.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

20.

Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Burundi.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9713)Full Citation

21.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 35.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4096)Full Citation

22.

Burundi.2005.‘National Report 2005 - Exchange of Information (Échanges d'informations).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,19 April. (Q3833)Full Citation

23.

Burundi.2003.‘Current Position on the Problem of Small Arms Trafficking in Burundi (Etat Actuel du problème de trafic des armes légères au Burundi).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,25 June. (Q3834)Full Citation

24.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Production of Arms and Munitions - Craft Production.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5080)Full Citation

25.

Rackley, Edward B.2005.‘Artisan Rifles or 'Mugobore'.’ The Impact of Small Arms and Armed Violence on Women.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité / GRIP and United Nations Development Programme / UNDP,1 March. (Q5460)Full Citation

26.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 19.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4086)Full Citation

27.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 21.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4088)Full Citation

28.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 22.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4089)Full Citation

29.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 24.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4090)Full Citation

30.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Comparison of the Main Regulatory Aspects Examined - Burundi.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q4003)Full Citation

31.

Burundi.2005.‘Export, Import and Transit Authorisation (Autorisation d'exportation, d'importation et de transit).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,19 April. (Q3832)Full Citation

32.

Burundi.2016.‘Record Keeping [Import and Export].’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,29 March. (Q12610)Full Citation

33.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Analysis of National Arms Transfer Control Systems - Outmoded and Incomplete Regulation.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5011)Full Citation

34.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

35.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 20.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4087)Full Citation

36.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 38.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4097)Full Citation

37.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 48.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4100)Full Citation

38.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Borders with the DRC, Rwanda, and Tanzania.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5081)Full Citation

39.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘The DRC - South Kivu and Eastern Provinces.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5082)Full Citation

40.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘The DRC - Arms from the DRC in Burundi.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5083)Full Citation

41.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Tanzania.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5084)Full Citation

42.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Other Sources of Arms.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5085)Full Citation

43.

Zeebroek, Xavier, Wolf‐Christian Paes and Georges Berghezan.2010.‘Synthesis of the Results of the Study (Synthèse des résultats de l'étude).’ Study on the Proliferation of Small Arms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Étude sur la prolifération des armes légères en République démocratique du Congo).Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP) / Bonn International Center for Conversion and UNDP,1 June. (Q5094)Full Citation

44.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 28.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4091)Full Citation

45.

Burundi.2018.‘End-user Certificate (Certificat d'utilisation finale).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13588)Full Citation

46.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

47.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 1.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4076)Full Citation

48.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 6.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4080)Full Citation

49.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 30.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4092)Full Citation

50.

Burundi.2003.‘Programme Implemented by the Government (Programme mis en œuvre par le gouvernement).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,25 June. (Q3835)Full Citation

51.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 43.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4099)Full Citation

52.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

53.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

54.

Burundi.2009.‘Articles 3 and 4.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4078)Full Citation

55.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 15.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4085)Full Citation

56.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 5.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4079)Full Citation

57.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 9.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4082)Full Citation

58.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 18.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4094)Full Citation

59.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 10.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4083)Full Citation

60.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 11.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4084)Full Citation

61.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 1.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4313)Full Citation

62.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 8.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4081)Full Citation

63.

Victor Karega. 2010. ‘Centre to Procure Software.’ Citizen (Dar es Salaam). 3 July. (N221) Full Citation

64.

Burundi.2018.‘Manufacture - [Marking and Record-keeping].’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13600)Full Citation

65.

Burundi.2009.‘Articles 54, 55, 56.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4103)Full Citation

66.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 52.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4102)Full Citation

67.

Burundi.2018.‘Stockpile Management (Gestion des stocks).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13589)Full Citation

68.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 31.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4093)Full Citation

69.

Burundi.2009.‘Article 32.’ Act No 1/14 of 28 August 2009 on Small Arms and Light Weapons (Loi No 1/14 du 28 Août 2009 portant Régime des Armes Légères et Petits Calibres).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,28 August. (Q4095)Full Citation

70.

Burundi.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12613)Full Citation

71.

Burundi.2010.‘Lomé Initiative and Steps Already Taken by Burundi (De l'initiative de Lomé et de l'étape déjà franchie par le Burundi).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3821)Full Citation

72.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Transactions and Activities Covered - Imports, Exports, Transit and Brokering.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5013)Full Citation

73.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Comparison of the Main Regulatory Aspects Examined - Burundi.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5093)Full Citation

74.

Burundi.2016.‘Marking.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,29 March. (Q12611)Full Citation

75.

Burundi.2010.‘Lomé Initiative and Steps Already Taken by Burundi (De l'initiative de Lomé et de l'étape déjà franchie par le Burundi).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3822)Full Citation

76.

Burundi.2008.‘Marking and Tracing 2008.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,21 March. (Q3825)Full Citation

77.

Burundi.2016.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,29 March. (Q12612)Full Citation

78.

GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation

79.

Burundi.2009.‘Endangering Public Safety with Weapons (Mise en Danger de la Sécurité Publique au Moyen d'Armes).’ Act No 1/05 of April 22, 2009, on the Amendment of the Criminal Code (Loi N°1/05 du 22 avril 2009 Portant Révision du Code Pénal).Bujumbura:Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Burundi,22 April. (Q5357)Full Citation

80.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Institutional Capacities and Disarmament Initiatives.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the civilian population in peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5077)Full Citation

81.

Burundi.2010.‘Lomé Initiative and Steps Already Taken by Burundi (De l'initiative de Lomé et de l'étape déjà franchie par le Burundi).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3824)Full Citation

82.

Gonzales, Gustavo K, Danae Pauli and Martina Bacigalupo.2010.‘Small Arms Control.’ Burundi Report: 2008 Towards 2010.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 August. (Q5097)Full Citation

83.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Savannah de Tessières.2009.‘Arms in Circulation in Burundi - Collection and Seizure Figures.’ Insecurity is Also a War: An Assessment of Armed Violence in Burundi.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat / Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,,1 January. (Q5089)Full Citation

84.

Gonzales, Gustavo K, Danae Pauli and Martina Bacigalupo.2010.‘Small Arms Control.’ Burundi Report: 2008 Towards 2010.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),1 August. (Q5353)Full Citation

85.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Arms Collected.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5086)Full Citation

86.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Disarmament of the Peace Guardians and the Militant Combatants.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5087)Full Citation

87.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Summary of Disarmament Outcomes in 45 DDR Programmes.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,9 July. (Q2941)Full Citation

88.

Burundi.2018.‘Collection (Collecte).’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13590)Full Citation

89.

Burundi.2014.‘Collection.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q12615)Full Citation

90.

Burundi.2012.‘Collection.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,28 March. (Q12616)Full Citation

91.

Burundi.2018.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,1 January. (Q13591)Full Citation

92.

Burundi.2007.‘National Report 2007 - Collection and Disposal.’ National Report of Burundi on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations,30 May. (Q3826)Full Citation

93.

African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

94.

African Union.2015.‘Member States.’ African Union: A United and Strong Africa.Addis Ababa:African Union,10 August. (Q10548)Full Citation

95.

RECSA / UNODA.2004.‘Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York, NY:Regional Centre on Small Arms / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 April. (Q3218)Full Citation

96.

RECSA.2010.‘Ratified and Deposited Instruments of the Nairobi Protocol.’ Regional Centre on Small Arms and Light Weapons Website - Ratifications.Nairobi:Regional Centre on Small Arms,19 November. (Q3263)Full Citation

97.

UNODA / UNREC.2010.‘Kinshasa Convention: Central Africa Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition, Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly.’ United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa (UNREC).Kinshasa:United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (UNSAC),22 November. (Q3320)Full Citation

98.

UNDPI.2010.‘United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa Adopts Convention on Small Arms Control.’ United Nations Press Release AFR/1974 DC/3237.New York, NY:UN Department of Public Information,12 May. (Q1940)Full Citation

99.

UNODA.2010.‘United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa adopts Convention on Small Arms Control.’ UNODA Update.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,3 July. (Q5095)Full Citation

100.

GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation

101.

UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation

102.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

103.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

104.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation

105.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation

106.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation

107.

Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation

108.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

109.

UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation

110.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

111.

UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

112.

UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

113.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation