Brazil — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Brazil is 

2017: 17,510,0001
2012: 16,800,0002 3 4 5 6
2010: 17,600,0007 8 9
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Brazil is 

2017: 8.301
2012: 8.62 3
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Brazil ranked at No. 810
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Brazil ranked at No. 753
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersThe number of licensed gun owners in Brazil is reported to be 1,300,00011
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Brazil is 0.7612
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Brazil is reported to be 

2017: 8,080,2951
2010: 5,370,50013 14 15 16 9 4
2009: 7,312,22717
2006: 4,125,40214 15 8
2005: 5,370,50017 3 18 6
2003: 3,155,69115
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Brazil is 

2010: 2.7412 16
2009: 3.7712
2006: 2.19
2005: 2.89
2003: 1.74
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Estimated Number of Illicit FirearmsUnlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Brazil there are estimated to be 3,800,00019 18 to 9,499,84720 6 4 5 8
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Estimated Rate of Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationUnlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Brazil the rate of illicit firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 4.8512
Government Guns
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Brazil are reported to have 1,316,30021 22 5 23 24 18 25 8 firearms
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Brazil are reported to have 803,00026 27 24 28 29 5 8 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Brazil, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

45,06830
42,604
42,41631 6
38,74431
38,892
39,67731 32 33
38,65831
36,840
37,360
36,060
37,113
39,325
37,979
37,122
34,98531 34 35
31,19831
30,211
27,753
26,481
26,764
24,318
22,742
21,086
21,550
20,614
20,440
17,126
16,092
14,869
13,488
12,578
10,830
9,045
9,320
8,71031 6 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

22.2430
21.20
21.28
19.61
19.86
20.936 12
20.436 37
19.5
20.0
19.6
20.7
22.2
21.7
21.5
20.636 12 37
19.036 37
18.7
17.4
16.9
17.236
15.8
15.0
14.2
14.7
14.3
14.4
12.3
11.8
11.1
10.2
9.7
8.6
7.3
7.7
7.336 12
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Brazil, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

42,46730
40,065
39,852
36,302
36,483
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Brazil, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

2,56330
2,500
2,533
2,404
2,383
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn Brazil, annual homicides by any means total 

59,77238
55,57439
59,68130
56,804
56,337
52,198
52,260
51,43440 41 42 43 44 45
50,113
47,707
49,14540 41 42 43 45
47,578
48,374
51,043
49,695
47,943
45,36040 41 42 43 45 34
42,91441 45
41,950
40,507
38,894
41,59545 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

28.4938
26.7439
22.2430
21.20
21.28
19.61
19.86
27.040 42 43 44 45
26.4
25.2
26.340 42 43 45
25.8
27.0
28.9
28.5
27.8
26.7
24.9812 45
24.78
24.28
23.66
25.745
19.0446
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Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Brazil, annual male homicides by any means total 

54,73630
51,937
51,544
47,619
47,749
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Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Brazil, annual female homicides by any means total 

4,83230
4,762
4,719
4,512
4,465
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Gun HomicidesChartIn Brazil, annual firearm homicides total 

42,75530
40,369
40,07731
36,737
36,79231 40 47 48
36,62431 47 49
35,67631 49 47 45
34,147
34,921
33,419
34,187
36,11531 49 47 48
34,16031 49 47 50
33,40131 49 47
30,86531 49 47 34
26,90231 41
25,674
24,445
22,976
22,30631
18,889
17,002
14,785
15,759
16,588
13,480
10,735
10,717
8,803
8,349
7,947
6,413
6,313
6,452
6,104 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

21.1030
20.08
20.11
18.59
18.79
19.336 47 49
18.836 49 47 43 45
18.0
18.7
18.136 49 47 45
19.1
20.436 49 47
19.636 49 47 50
19.436 49 47
18.236 49 47 12
16.436
15.9
15.3
14.6
14.3
12.3
11.236 51
9.936
10.7
11.5
9.5
7.7
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.2
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.1
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Brazil, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

95.5%52
70%40
71.2%41 32 53
71.2%41 45
71.6%
71.1%
70.2%
70.7%
70.8%41
68.7%
69.7%
68.0%
62.7%
61.2%
60.3%
59.1%
70.1%52
70.1%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Brazil, annual male firearm homicides total 

40,32930
40,329
38,007
37,715
34,442
34,576
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Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Brazil, annual female firearm homicides total 

2,39030
2,390
2,323
2,332
2,258
2,194
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Suicides (any method)ChartIn Brazil, annual suicides by any means total 

10,65330
10,533
10,321
9,852
9,448
11,23754
11,134
10,647
10,34954 55
10,048
10,113
9,803
9,494
9,363
8,186
6,98535 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

5.2630
5.24
5.18
4.99
4.82
5.854
5.8
5.6
5.554 55
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.3
4.7
3.9135
3.4656
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Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Brazil, annual male suicides by any means total 

8,41930
8,309
8,061
7,762
7,375
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Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Brazil, annual female suicides by any means total 

2,23330
2,223
2,257
2,089
2,073
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Gun SuicidesChartIn Brazil, annual firearm suicides total 

97330
1,040
98931
916
969
1,06931 32
1,12331
1,141
1,138
1,226
1,247
1,330
1,366
1,408
1,33031 35
1,26031
1,407
1,539
1,543
1,555
1,321
1,169
1,085
1,037
989
850
827
951
788
781
766
789
657
731
660 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.4830
0.52
0.50
0.46
0.49
0.636 12
0.636
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.836 35
0.836
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.836 57
0.736
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
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Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Brazil, annual male firearm suicides total 

87430
933
880
832
868
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Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Brazil, annual female firearm suicides total 

9930
107
109
84
101
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Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Brazil, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

38230
326
28431
264
352
35131 32
35331
320
404
244
201
283
318
336
32931 35
88831
371
250
270
534
353
456
859
1,140
658
605
586
677
669
575
515
566
467
448
386 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.4730
0.43
0.53
0.42
0.40
0.236 12
0.236
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.236 35
0.536
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.336 58
0.636
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
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Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Brazil, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

36130
301
258
246
321
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Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Brazil, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

2130
25
26
18
31
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Brazil, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

95830
869
1,06631
827
779
1,63331 32
1,50631
1,232
897
1,171
1,478
1,597
2,135
1,977
2,46131 35
2,14831
2,759
1,519
1,692
2,369
3,755
4,115
4,357
3,614
2,379
5,505
4,978
3,747
4,609
3,783
3,350
3,062
1,608
1,689
1,560 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Brazil, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.536
0.4
0.4
0.936 12
0.836
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.1
1.436 35
1.336
1.7
1.0
1.1
1.5
2.4
2.736 57
2.936
2.5
1.7
3.9
3.6
2.7
3.4
2.9
2.6
2.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Brazil, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

90330
824
999
782
718
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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Brazil, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

5330
45
66
44
57

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Brazil, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 8 67 68 69
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Number of Small Arms ManufacturedThe reported annual number of small arms manufactured in Brazil is 

2002/07: 2,300,0008
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Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Brazil was ranked 'medium'70 71
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Home-made GunsIn Brazil, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate72 69

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Brazil, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law73 74 59 60 62 75 76 77 78 79
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Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Brazil is reported by Customs to be US$284,590,75480 (2011)81 82 83 84 85
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Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Brazil was categorized as 'major'86 87 88 89 85 90  48
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Firearm ImportsIn Brazil, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law91 65 59 60 62 66 75 77 78 79
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Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Brazil is reported by Customs to be US$14,291,31880 (2011)92 93 94 95
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Brazil is high96 97 98 99
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Brazil, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law100 76 101 102
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Brazil include74 76 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
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Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Brazil scored 

2016: 7.00103
2014: 7.00104
2013: 7.50105
2012: 7.50106
2011: 8.50107
2010: 9.00108
2009: 9.00109
2008: 9.00110
2007: 8.50111
2006: 8.00112
2005: 8.50113
2004: 9.00114 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Brazil is categorised as restrictive115
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Brazil includes the Firearms Act  No. 10 826 of 2003,116 117 and its regulation No. 5 123,118 the Decree No. 3 665 of 2000,119 Ministerial Act No. 7 of 2006,63 Ministerial Act No. 16 of  2004,77 the Constitution and the Penal Code of Brazil61
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Brazil are regulated by the Ministry of Justice and the Federal Police,120 through the National Arms System (SINARM),62 and the Command of the Brazilian Armed Forces121 65 122 123
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn Brazil, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law124 125 126
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Brazil, civilians are not allowed to possess weapons for the exclusive use of the Army,127 automatic firearms, certain handguns, smooth bore long guns or with a rifled barrel, disguised firearms128 and imitation firearms,66 with few exceptions129
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Brazil, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited,128 130 131 132 with few exceptions129
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Brazil, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence133 130
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Brazil, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited,128 with only narrow exemptions133 134 129 130 131 132
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn Brazil,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law128 133 132
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Brazil, only licensed gun owners135 136 137 138 139 132 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Brazil are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting, security136 140 141 134 131 117
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Brazil is 25 years,142 140 141 143 117 with only narrow exemptions144 145 146
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Brazil must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health and employment136 147 134 141 132 117 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Brazil, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required126
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Partner to be Advised or InterviewedIn Brazil, licensing authorities are not required126 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Brazil does not stipulate126 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn Brazil, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required147 136 141  for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Brazil, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years136 60 117
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Licensing RecordsIn Brazil, authorities maintain a record148 62 130 149 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Brazil are permitted to possess one firearm per authorisation150 151 117
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Brazil are permitted to possess a limited quantity of ammunition150 117
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Brazil, the law requires152 148 137 129 62 153 154 130 149 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Brazil, licensed firearm dealers are required155 136 62 149 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Brazil, licensed gun makers are required62 156 149 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Brazil, State agencies are required152 129 154 157 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Brazil, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited without a licence from the Federal Police158 136
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Brazil, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful59 60 135 155 62 65 159 154
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Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Brazil is obliged136 147 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Brazil is obliged136 147 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn Brazil, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to three firearms (one handgun, one rifle, one shotgun) every two years, for retired military officials and non-commissioned officers160
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Brazil, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is 30 business days136 
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Brazil, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated161 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Brazil include162 139 144 163 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Brazil include164 165 166 161 163 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Brazil include157 167 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Brazil include168 169 138 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn Brazil, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law63 148 64 65 78 170 171
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Firearm TracingIn Brazil, state authorities carry out64 65 172 173 174 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
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Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Brazil, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not126 48 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
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Law Regulates Firearms in PublicIn Brazil, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law135 140 134 175 176 48 132
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Brazil, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited177 176
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Brazil, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit140
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Gun Free ZonesIn Brazil, private guns are prohibited in sports arenas, churches, banks, schools, government buildings and other gathering places177 178
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Brazil, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm179 is two to four years in prison and a fine135 61 180 144 181 182 183 184 171 163
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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction ProgrammesAuthorities in Brazil are known to have185 186 187 188 17 189 190 8 191 192 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
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Surrendered in Gun AmnestyChartIn Brazil, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 

2009: 212,279193 194 195
2008: 60,196193
2005: 459,855194 195 196 197 8 198
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Exchanged in Gun BuybackChartIn Brazil, the total number of firearms exchanged for monetary or in-kind compensation during recent gun buyback and disposal programmes is reported to be 

2012: 27,329199
2011: 40,000
2003/09: 1,100,000200
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Brazil, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2015: 8,681201
2014: 18,630201 202
2013: 13,681201 203
2012: 15,740204 203
2011: 15,560
2010: 14,441
2009: 11,664204
2008: 11,112
2004: 469,0008
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Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Brazil, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

2012: 500,000205
2005: 253,321206 207 195 198
2003: 5,000197
2002: 10,000
2001: 100,000197
1997/2013: 2,800,000205
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Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Brazil, it is state policy208 209 17 206 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Organization of American StatesOn 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Brazil adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified210 211 by Brazil
United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeThe UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists212 Brazil as an elected member
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006213 by Brazil.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified214 by Brazil
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified215 by Brazil
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Brazil committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects216
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Brazil against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 62217 218 219 220 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Brazil has submitted one or more national reports221 102 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Brazil, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated222 102
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Brazil, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated102
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Brazil submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent222
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated102 by Brazil to other UN Member States
UNPoA International Assistance – RecipientFunds for UNPoA implementation have been provided102 to Brazil by other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Brazil has not declared223 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Brazil has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945224
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list225 Brazil as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry ProfileLink
Conflict ProfileFor a profile of conflict in Brazil, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Brazil ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
2.: Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
4.: Brazil.2010.‘[Number of] Firearms in Brazil (Armas de Fogo no Brasil).’ The Impact of Armed Violence in Brazil (A Incidência da Violência Armada no Brasil).Rio de Janeiro:Confederação Nacional de Municípios (National Confederation of Counties),31 December. (Q11867)Full Citation
5.: Viva Rio.2010.‘Total Firearms in Circulation (Total de armas em circulação).’ Stocks and Distribution of Firearms in Brazil (Estoques e Distribuição de Armas de Fogo no Brasil).Rio de Janeiro:Viva Rio (Viva Comunidade), Sub-Comissão de Armas e Munições da Câmara Federal, Ministério da Justiça,1 January. (Q11877)Full Citation
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116.: Brazil.2003.‘Act No. 10.826 (Lei N° 10.826).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11593)Full Citation
117.: Rachel Glickhouse. 2015. ‘Brazil Update: Congress to Consider Bill Loosening Gun Control.’ Americas Society / Council of the Americas (AS/COA). 24 November. (N450) Full Citation
118.: Brazil.2004.‘Regulation No. 5.123 of the Firearms Act No. 10.826.’ Decree 5.123, of 1 July 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de Julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11544)Full Citation
119.: Brazil.2000.‘Regulation on the Control of Controlled Goods (Regulamento para a fiscalização de produtos controlados).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11868)Full Citation
120.: Brazil.2003.‘The National Weapon System (Do Sistema Nacional de Armas).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q1490)Full Citation
121.: Brazil.2003.‘Army Command - Responsibilities (Comando do Exército - Responsabilidades).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11552)Full Citation
122.: Brazil.2000.‘Supervisory Bodies (Órgãos de fiscalização).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11870)Full Citation
123.: Brazil.2000.‘Role of the Supervisory Bodies – Army (Atribuições órgãos de fiscalização - Exército).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11871)Full Citation
124.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
125.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
126.: Brazil.2003.‘Act No. 10.826 (Lei N° 10.826).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11599)Full Citation
127.: Brazil.2014.‘Firearms - Definitions (Armas de fogo - das definições).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11527)Full Citation
128.: Brazil.2000.‘Restricted Firearms and Ammunition (Armas de Fogo e Munições Restrito).’ Decree No. 3.665, of Novembre 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11574)Full Citation
129.: Brazil.2004.‘Acquisition and Registration of Restricted Firearms (Da aquisição e registro da arma de fogo de uso restrito).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11541)Full Citation
130.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5362)Full Citation
131.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5360)Full Citation
132.: Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Brazil.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9709)Full Citation
133.: Brazil.2000.‘Permitted Firearms and Ammunition (Armas de Fogo e Munições permitidos).’ Decree No. 3.665, of Novembre 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11575)Full Citation
134.: Brazil.2004.‘Firearms for Subsistence Hunters (Armas de fogo para caçador de subsistência).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11537)Full Citation
135.: Brazil.2003.‘Illegal Carrying of Firearms for Permitted Use (Porte ilegal de arma de fogo de uso permitido).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11547)Full Citation
136.: Brazil.2003.‘Acquisition [and Possession] of a Firearm (Aquisição [e Posse] de arma de fogo).’ Act No 10.826, of 22 December 2003.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11561)Full Citation
137.: Brazil.2004.‘Firearm Safety - Household and Workplace (Segurança de arma de fogo - no domicílio e trabalho).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11542)Full Citation
138.: Brazil.2004.‘Transport Regulation (Regulamento de Transporte).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11536)Full Citation
139.: Brazil.2003.‘Firearm Storage and Transportation - Private Security Companies (Armazenamento e transporte de armas de fogo - empresas de segurança privada).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11556)Full Citation
140.: Brazil.2003.‘Carrying Firearms (Porte de Arma de Fogo).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11559)Full Citation
141.: US Law Library of Congress.2013.‘General Requirements for Civilian Licenses - Brazil.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11569)Full Citation
142.: Brazil.2003.‘General Provisions - Minimum Age (Disposições Gerais - Idade mínima).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q1489)Full Citation
143.: Santaella-Tenorio, Julian, Magdalena Cerdá, Andrés Villaveces, and Sandro Galea.2016.‘What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries? - Estatuto do Desarmamento (Brazil).’ Epidemiologic Reviews.Oxford:Oxford University Press,10 February. (Q11776)Full Citation
144.: Brazil.2003.‘Careless Handling or Storage of a Firearm (Manuseio Descuidado ou Armazenamento de Arma de Fogo).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q1891)Full Citation
145.: Soares, Eduardo.2013.‘Child and Adolescent Statute.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11512)Full Citation
146.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q11617)Full Citation
147.: Brazil.2004.‘Acquisition and Registration of Firearms for Permitted Use (Da Aquisição e do Registro da Arma de Fogo de Uso Permitido).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11539)Full Citation
148.: Brazil.2014.‘Registration - Permitted Firearms (Registro - armas de fogo permitida).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11526)Full Citation
149.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5380)Full Citation
150.: Soares, Eduardo.2013.‘Acquisition [and Possession] of a Firearm.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11516)Full Citation
151.: Alpers, Philip.1997.‘Limit on Number of Guns.’ Personal Interview with Philip Alpers.Sao Paulo:GunPolicy.org,5 December. (Q11626)Full Citation
152.: Brazil.2003.‘Firearm Registration (Registro de armas de fogo).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11558)Full Citation
153.: Brazil.2003.‘Unregistered Firearms - Registration (Armas de fogo não registradas - Inscrição).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11550)Full Citation
154.: Brazil.2008.‘Registration Systems.’ National Report of Brazil on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations,14 July. (Q1661)Full Citation
155.: Brazil.2004.‘Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales (Regulamentação das vendas por vendedores de armas de fogo).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11540)Full Citation
156.: Brazil.2014.‘Record-Keeping by Manufacturers.’ National Report of Brazil on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations,1 January. (Q9183)Full Citation
157.: Brazil.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Brazil on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations,1 January. (Q9186)Full Citation
158.: Brazil.2004.‘Firearm Ownership Transfer (Transferência de propriedade da arma de fogo).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11543)Full Citation
159.: Brazil.2003.‘Referendum on Firearms and Ammunition Trade (Referendo sobre o comércio de armas de fogo e Munições).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11557)Full Citation
160.: Dreyfus, Pablo, and Marcelo de Sousa Nascimento.2010.‘Estimates of Small Arms Held by Active and Retired Military Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers.’ Small Arms in Brazil: Production, Trade, and Holdings.Geneva:Viva Rio, ISER, and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 September. (Q3374)Full Citation
161.: Brazil.2000.‘Exhibition of Firearms and Ammunition (Exposição de armas e munições).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11884)Full Citation
162.: Brazil.2003.‘Storage Regulations - Sports Entities (Regulamento para armazenamento - as organizações desportivas).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11555)Full Citation
163.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q11618)Full Citation
164.: Brazil.2000.‘Regional Network for Supervising Controlled Products (Redes Regionais de Fiscalização de Produtos Controlados).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11873)Full Citation
165.: Brazil.2000.‘Supervision and Safety (Fiscalização e segurança).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11882)Full Citation
166.: Brazil.2000.‘Storage Depots (Depósitos).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11885)Full Citation
167.: Brazil.2000.‘Registration Exemption (Isenção de registro).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11874)Full Citation
168.: Brazil.2000.‘Transport (Transporte).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11883)Full Citation
169.: Brazil.2000.‘Transit (Tráfego).’ Decree No. 3.665 of November 20, 2000 (Decreto Nº 3.665, de 20 de Novembro de 2000).Brasilia:Presidency of the Republic of Brazil,20 November. (Q11881)Full Citation
170.: Brazil.2008.‘Ammunition - Marking.’ National Report of Brazil on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument.New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations,14 July. (Q1658)Full Citation
171.: Brazil.2005.‘Enforcing Controls.’ National Report of Brazil on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations,11 July. (Q1663)Full Citation
172.: Brazil.2014.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Brazil on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations,1 January. (Q9190)Full Citation
173.: Dreyfus, Pablo, Marcelo de Sousa Nascimento and Luis Eduardo Guedes.2008.‘The Disarmament Statute: Domesticating the Small Arms Industry and Curbing Crime Through Gun Control.’ Small Arms in Rio de Janeiro: The Guns, the Buyback, and the Victims.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 December. (Q2088)Full Citation
174.: Karp, Aaron, Nicholas Marsh and Giorgio Ravagli.2015.‘Summary of Reported International Requests for Tracing of Firearms, 2010-2013.’ UNODC Study on Firearms 2015.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),3 July. (Q10546)Full Citation
175.: Soares, Eduardo.2013.‘Bill Amending Disarmament Statute Vetoed.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11524)Full Citation
176.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5409)Full Citation
177.: Brazil.2008.‘Prohibited Zones to Carry Firearms (Zonas proibidas de levar armas de fogo).’ Decree 6.715, of 29 December 2008 (Decreto Nº 6.715, de 29 de dezembro de 2008).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,29 December. (Q11529)Full Citation
178.: Associated Press. 2004. ‘Brazil Puts in Place Stricter Gun Laws to Reduce Killings.’ 4 July. (N191) Full Citation
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180.: Brazil.2003.‘Shooting Firearms (Disparo de arma de fogo).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11554)Full Citation
181.: Brazil.1990.‘Child and Adolescent Statute (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente).’ Act Nº 8.069, of 13 July 1990.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,13 July. (Q11564)Full Citation
182.: Brazil.1998.‘Child and Adolescent Statute - Special Legislation (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - Legislação Especial).’ Brazilian Penal Code.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,12 December. (Q11563)Full Citation
183.: Soares, Eduardo.2013.‘Criminalisation.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11519)Full Citation
184.: Brazil.2003.‘Irregular Ownership of Authorized Fire Weapons (Posse Irregular de Arma de Fogo de Uso Permitido).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q1479)Full Citation
185.: Brazil.2004.‘Disarmament Campaign (Campanha do Desarmamento).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11545)Full Citation
186.: Brazil.2004.‘Surrendering Firearms (Entregando Armas de Fogo).’ Decree No. 5.123, of July 1, 2004 (Decreto Nº 5.123, de 1º de julho de 2004).Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,1 July. (Q11546)Full Citation
187.: Brazil.2002.‘Voluntary Surrender of Firearms (Entrega voluntária de armas de fogo).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11562)Full Citation
188.: Brazil.2003.‘Surrendering Firearms (Entregar-se Armas de Fogo).’ Act No. 10.826, of December 22, 2003, on the Registration, Possession, and Commerce of Firearms and Ammunition, on the National System of Weapons (SINARM), and Defining Crimes and other Provisions.Brasilia:National Congress of Brazil,22 December. (Q11549)Full Citation
189.: Soares, Eduardo.2013.‘Collection Programmes.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11521)Full Citation
190.: Soares, Eduardo.2013.‘Disarmament Campaign.’ Firearms-Control Legislation Policy - Brazil.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress (USA),1 February. (Q11523)Full Citation
191.: Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Country Summaries - Brazil.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q5299)Full Citation
192.: Godnick, William and Helena Vasquez.2003.‘Weapons Destruction Events facilitated - UN-LiREC.’ Small Arms Control in Latin America: Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Control Projects (MISAC).London:International Alert, Security and Peacebuilding Programme,1 March. (Q5565)Full Citation
193.: Viva Rio.2010.‘Permitted Firearms Amnestied in 2008 and 2009 (Armas de fogo de uso permitido anistiadas em 2008 e 2009).’ Stocks and Distribution of Firearms in Brazil (Estoques e Distribuição de Armas de Fogo no Brasil).Rio de Janeiro:Viva Rio (Viva Comunidade), Sub-Comissão de Armas e Munições da Câmara Federal, Ministério da Justiça,1 January. (Q11880)Full Citation
194.: Viva Rio.2010.‘Voluntary Surrender of Firearms (Entrega Voluntária de Armas de Fogo).’ Stocks and Distribution of Firearms in Brazil (Estoques e Distribuição de Armas de Fogo no Brasil).Rio de Janeiro:Viva Rio (Viva Comunidade), Sub-Comissão de Armas e Munições da Câmara Federal, Ministério da Justiça,1 January. (Q11875)Full Citation
195.: Bandeira, Antônio Rangel.2012.‘Campaigns for the Voluntary Surrender of Firearms (Campañas voluntarias de canje de armas).’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 July. (Q9214)Full Citation
196.: Cellone, Maria Paula.2010.‘Firearm Collection Programmes (Planes de Recolección de Armas).’ Plurinational Meeting: Transfer and Illicit trafficking in Firearms: Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile.New York, NY:Fundación Arias para la Paz y el Progreso Humano (ARIAS) y el Centro de Estudios Judiciales,4 October. (Q11398)Full Citation
197.: Stohl, Rachel and Doug Tuttle.2014.‘The Small Arms Trade in Latin America [Collection and Destruction].’ North American Congress on Latin America, Reporting on the Americas.New York NY:North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA),13 October. (Q11853)Full Citation
198.: Robert Muggah. 2014. ‘Brazil and South Africa Are Addicted to Gun Violence.’ Huffington Post (USA). 24 November. (N435) Full Citation
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216.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
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218.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
219.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
220.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
221.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
222.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
223.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
224.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
225.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

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