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Bahrain — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Bahrain is

2017: 181,0001
2005: 180,0002

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Bahrain is

2017: 12.81
2007: 24.82

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Bahrain ranked at No. 1223

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of privately owned guns in 206 countries, Bahrain ranked at No.553

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Bahrain are reported to have 25,7964 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Bahrain are reported to have 20,0005 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Bahrain, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2014: 56
2013: 4
2012: 2
2011: 157
2010: 1
2008: 2
2007: 2
2006: 1
2005: 1
2004: 1
2000: 2

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.396
2013: 0.32
2012: 0.16
2011: 1.27
2010: 0.09
2008: 0.19
2007: 0.20
2006: 0.11
2005: 0.12
2004: 0.13
2000: 0.31

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Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total

2014: 56
2013: 3
2012: 2
2011: 15
2010: 1
2008: 2
2007: 2
2006: 1
2005: 1
2004: 1
2000: 2

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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.646
2013: 0.40
2012: 0.27
2011: 2.10
2010: 0.14
2008: 0.31
2007: 0.34
2006: 0.18
2005: 0.20
2004: 0.22
2000: 0.53

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Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total

2014: 06
2013: 1
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Bahrain, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is

2013: 0.206

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual homicides by any means total

2019: 28
2018: 6
2017: 5
2016: 10
2015: 8
2014: 76
2013: 5
2012: 4
2011: 7
2010: 11
2009: 13
2008: 6
2007: 4
2006: 79 10
2005: 2
2004: 79 11
2003: 3
2001: 4
2000: 9

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2019: 0.128
2018: 0.38
2017: 0.33
2016: 0.70
2015: 0.58
2014: 0.536
2013: 0.39
2012: 0.32
2005: 0.22
2001: 0.60
2000: 1.37
1999: 0.6
1998: 0.6
1997: 0.7

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male homicides by any means total

2019: 28
2018: 6
2017: 4
2016: 9
2015: 8
2014: 76
2013: 3
2012: 4
2011: 512
2010: 0
2005: 2
2001: 3
2000: 7

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2019: 0.198
2018: 0.60
2017: 0.43
2016: 1.01
2015: 0.94
2014: 0.886
2013: 0.39
2012: 0.53
2011: 0.4112
2010: 0
2005: 0.37
2001: 0.78
2000: 1.87

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 06
2013: 2
2012: 0
2011: 212
2010: 0
2001: 1
2000: 2

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2019: 08
2018: 0
2017: 0.18
2016: 0.56
2015: 0
2014: 0
2013: 0.406
2011: 0.3512

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Bahrain, annual firearm homicides total

2014: 26
2013: 0
2012: 1
2011: 0
2010: 0
2008: 09 13
2007: 1

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.15
2013: 0
2012: 0.5
2011: 0
2010: 0
2008: 0
2007: 0.1

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Bahrain, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2011: 18%14
2008: 0%9
2007: 25%

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 26
2014: 2
2013: 0
2012: 1
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.256
2014: 0.25
2013: 0
2012: 0.13
:

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female firearm homicides total

2015: 06
2014: 0
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2014: 08
2012: 0

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual suicides by any means total

2016: 8515
2015: 80
2010: 65
2000: 45

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 6.1615
2015: 5.94
2010: 5.51
2000: 6.87

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Male Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male suicides by any means total

2016: 7415
2015: 70
2010: 54
2000: 36

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Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 8.8515
2015: 8.58
2010: 7.55
2000: 9.63

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Female Suicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female suicides by any means total

2016: 1015
2015: 10
2010: 11
2000: 9

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Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2016: 1.8415
2015: 1.89
2010: 2.37
2000: 3.20

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn Bahrain, annual firearm suicides total

2014: 06
2013: 1
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2019: 6
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013: 0.08
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:

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Male Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male firearm suicides total

2014: 06
2013: 1
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

In Bahrain, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2013: 0.136

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Female Gun Suicide Victims

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female firearm suicides total

2014: 06
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Bahrain, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2014: 36
2013: 3
2012: 1
2011: 17
2010: 0

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.236
2013: 0.23
2012: 0.08
2011: 0.08
2010: 0.08

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Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

ChartIn Bahrain, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total

2014: 36
2013: 2
2012: 1
2011: 1
2010: 0

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Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.386
2013: 0.26
2012: 0.13
2011: 0.14

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Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

ChartIn Bahrain, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total

2014: 06
2013: 1
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Bahrain, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is

2013: 0.206

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Bahrain, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2014: 06
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 147
2010: 1
2008: 2
2007: 2

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2011: 1.156
2010: 0.08
2008: 0.18
2007: 0.19

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Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2014: 06
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 14
2010: 1
2008: 2
2007: 2

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Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2011: 1.906
2010: 0.14
2008: 0.30
2007: 0.31

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Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2014: 06
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Bahrain, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited16 17

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Firearm Exports

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Bahrain is reported by Customs to be US$

2019: 6,00018
2018: 5,000
2016: 23,000
2015: 1,000
2014: 26,000
2013: 54,000
2011: 46,81419
2010: 16,000

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Firearm Imports

In Bahrain, firearm and ammunition imports are prohibited by transfer control law16 20

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

ChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Bahrain is reported by Customs to be US$

2021: 8,572,00021
2020: 351,000
2019: 201,000
2018: 254,000
2017: 159,000
2016: 183,000
2015: 381,000
2014: 205,000
2013: 127,000
2012: 314,000
2011: 129,000
2010: 1,956,000
2009: 68,000
2008: 91,000
2007: 204,000
2006: 3,000
2005: 9,000
2004: 23,000
2003: 7,000
2002: 4,000
:

MeasuresGun Regulation

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Bahrain includes the Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition22

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Bahrain, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law23 24

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Bahrain, civilians are not allowed to possess firearms16

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Law Regulates Automatic Weapons

In Bahrain, civilian possession of automatic weapons is regulated by law14 16

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Law Regulates Handguns

In Bahrain, civilian possession of handguns is regulated by law14

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Bahrain, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law14

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Bahrain, only licensed gun owners25 26 14 27 16 28 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Bahrain is 21 years29

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Bahrain must pass a background check which considers criminal, and mental health29 records

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Bahrain, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 1 year, expiring on the 31st of December each year30

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Bahrain are permitted to possess a maximum of 4 weapons31

Firearm Registration

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Bahrain, licensed firearm dealers are required26 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Bahrain, State agencies are required26 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Bahrain, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited20

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Bahrain, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is prohibited20

Carrying Guns

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Law Regulates Firearms in Public

In Bahrain, carrying a gun in a public place is regulated by law14

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Bahrain, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited32

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Bahrain, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm33 is 7 years34

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

League of Arab States

As a member of the League of Arab States, Bahrain adopted the Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions, Explosives and Hazardous Material in January 200235

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was not signed36 by Bahrain.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty has been signed, but not yet ratified37 by Bahrain

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed38 by Bahrain

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Bahrain committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects39

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Bahrain against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 14340 41 42 43 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Bahrain has submitted one or more national reports44 45 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Bahrain, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated45

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Bahrain, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated45

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Bahrain submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was not apparent45

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated45 by Bahrain to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Bahrain has not declared46 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Bahrain has been a Member State of the United Nations since 197147

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list48 Bahrain as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal Profile

Link
About SDG 16

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. SDG 16,49 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2). In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual homicides by any means total

2019: 28
2018: 6
2017: 5
2016: 10
2015: 8
2014: 76
2013: 5
2012: 4
2011: 7
2010: 11
2009: 13
2008: 6
2007: 4
2006: 79 10
2005: 2
2004: 79 11
2003: 3
2001: 4
2000: 9

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2019: 0.128
2018: 0.38
2017: 0.33
2016: 0.70
2015: 0.58
2014: 0.536
2013: 0.39
2012: 0.32
2005: 0.22
2001: 0.60
2000: 1.37
1999: 0.6
1998: 0.6
1997: 0.7

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Male Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male homicides by any means total

2019: 28
2018: 6
2017: 4
2016: 9
2015: 8
2014: 76
2013: 3
2012: 4
2011: 512
2010: 0
2005: 2
2001: 3
2000: 7

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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2019: 0.198
2018: 0.60
2017: 0.43
2016: 1.01
2015: 0.94
2014: 0.886
2013: 0.39
2012: 0.53
2011: 0.4112
2010: 0
2005: 0.37
2001: 0.78
2000: 1.87

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Female Homicide Victims (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female homicides by any means total

2014: 06
2013: 2
2012: 0
2011: 212
2010: 0
2001: 1
2000: 2

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Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2019: 08
2018: 0
2017: 0.18
2016: 0.56
2015: 0
2014: 0
2013: 0.406
2011: 0.3512

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Bahrain, annual firearm homicides total

2014: 26
2013: 0
2012: 1
2011: 0
2010: 0
2008: 09 13
2007: 1

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.15
2013: 0
2012: 0.5
2011: 0
2010: 0
2008: 0
2007: 0.1

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Bahrain, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2011: 18%14
2008: 0%9
2007: 25%

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Male Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Bahrain, annual male firearm homicides total

2015: 26
2014: 2
2013: 0
2012: 1
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2015: 0.256
2014: 0.25
2013: 0
2012: 0.13
:

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Female Gun Homicide Victims

ChartIn Bahrain, annual female firearm homicides total

2015: 06
2014: 0
2013: 0
2012: 0
2011: 0
2010: 0

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Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Bahrain, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2014: 08
2012: 0

Link
Conflict Deaths

For a profile of conflict in Bahrain, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Marking and Tracing

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Firearm Marking

In Bahrain, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law45

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Bahrain ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Bahrain on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

GunPolicy.org.2022.‘Calculated Ranking.’ Estimating global civilian-held firearm numbers..Geneva:GunPolicy.org,30 June. (Q15876)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation

6.

WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation

7.

Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo.2015.‘Number and Rate of Gun Deaths in 90 Countries (Número e taxas de mortalidade por AF segundo causa básica em 90 países do mundo).’ Violence Map: Deaths by Firearms (Mapa da Violência: Mortes Matadas por Armas de Fogo).Brasilia:Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Social Sciences Institute,1 January. (Q11896)Full Citation

8.

UNODC.2020.‘Intentional Homicide Victims.’ dataunodc.un.org (web site).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q13355)Full Citation

9.

UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Bahrain.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q10284)Full Citation

10.

UNODC.2008.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Tenth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2005-2006).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q10)Full Citation

11.

UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 - 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation

12.

UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation

13.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Bahrain.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6269)Full Citation

14.

Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Bahrain.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9700)Full Citation

15.

WHO.2018.‘Violent Death Estimates by Country.’ Disease Burden and Mortality Estimates: Cause-Specific Mortality, 2000–2016.Geneva:World Health Organization,1 January. (Q14136)Full Citation

16.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 5: Prohibited Weapons.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15610)Full Citation

17.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 6: Permitted Manufacturers.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15611)Full Citation

18.

International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Exported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16040)Full Citation

19.

Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation

20.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 8: Prohibition of Trade.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15612)Full Citation

21.

International Trade Centre (ITC).2022.‘Imported values (2002-2021).’ Trade Map.Geneva:International Trade Centre (ITC),31 August. (Q16041)Full Citation

22.

Bahrain.1976.‘Preamble.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15606)Full Citation

23.

Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

24.

Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation

25.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

26.

Bahrain.2011.‘Control and Numbering of Public Security Force Weapons.’ National Report of Bahrain on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Bahrain to the United Nations,5 April. (Q4644)Full Citation

27.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 7: Permitted Weapons.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15607)Full Citation

28.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 11: Limits on Ammunition.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15613)Full Citation

29.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 16: Licensing Requirements.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15616)Full Citation

30.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 14: Prohibition of Public Carry.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15615)Full Citation

31.

Bahrain.1976.‘Article 10: Limits on Ownership.’ Decree-Law No. (16) of 1976 on Explosives, Weapons, and Ammunition.Manama:Bahrain,1 January. (Q15608)Full Citation

32.

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