Regions Oceania Australia & New Zealand Australia Australian Capital Territory

Australian Capital Territory — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

For national statistics, federal law, inter-country comparisons, gun trade and international agreements, see the Australia country page

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ChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in the Australian Capital Territory is

2016: 21,236¹ ² ³
2015: 21,120
2014: 20,479
2013: 18,700
2011: 18,228
2001: 7,143
1998: 16,500
1979: 44,100⁴

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

ChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in the Australian Capital Territory is

2016: 5.37⁵ ⁶ ³
2015: 5.41
2014: 5.28
2013: 4.87
2011: 4.96
2001: 2.22
1998: 5.30
1979: 19.86⁵

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In the Australian Capital Territory, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be

1979: 19,500⁴

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In the Australian Capital Territory, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be

1979: 20,500⁴

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be

2010: 1,242⁷
2006: 1,215⁸
1979: 4,100⁹

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

ChartThe number of licensed gun owners in the Australian Capital Territory is reported to be

2016: 6,122¹⁰
2015: 6,083¹¹
2014: 5,886¹² ¹¹
2011: 5,076¹³
2001: 5,501¹⁴
1998: 5,500¹⁵

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in the Australian Capital Territory is

2016: 1.55⁵
2015: 1.56
2014: 1.52
2011: 1.38
2001: 1.72¹⁴
1998: 1.77⁵

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in the Australian Capital Territory is reported to be

2016: 19,305¹⁰
2015: 19,200¹¹
2014: 18,617¹² ¹¹
2013: 17,000¹⁶
2011: 16,571¹³
2001: 6,494¹⁴
1998: 15,000¹⁵

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in the Australian Capital Territory is

2016: 4.89⁵
2015: 4.92
2014: 4.80
2013: 4.43
2011: 4.51
2001: 2.03¹⁴
1998: 4.81⁵

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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,¹⁷ but in the Australian Capital Territory there are estimated to be

2016: 1,931¹ ¹⁷ ³
2015: 1,920
2014: 1,862
2013: 1,700
2011: 1,657
2001: 649
1998: 1,500

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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

ChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,¹⁷ but in the Australian Capital Territory the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be

2016: 0.49⁵
2015: 0.49
2014: 0.48
2013: 0.44
2011: 0.45
2001: 0.20
1998: 0.48

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

218
2
0
3
3
2
5
5
1
4
9
1
3
3
10
9
0
4 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.5019
0.51
0.00
0.79
0.80
0.54
1.38
1.41
0.29
1.17
2.69
0.30
0.91
0.92
3.08
2.80
0.00
1.27
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual homicides by any means total 

420
1
1
2
220 21
2
320 22
1
220 23
1
4
2
4
3
323
0
3
2
1
2
1
4
2
1
2
0
0 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.9924
0.26
0.26
0.53
0.54
0.54
0.83
0.28
0.57
0.29
1.19
0.60
1.22
0.92
0.92
0.00
0.95
0.64
0.32
0.64
0.32
1.31
0.66
0.33
0.68
0.00
0.00
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Gun HomicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual firearm homicides total 

120
0
0
0
020 25
0
120 26
120 27
020 28
220 29
020 30
020 31
032
033
034 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2524
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.28
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Handgun HomicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual handgun homicides total 

020
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Long Gun HomicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual long gun homicides total 

120
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2524
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.28
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.00
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Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual gun homicides (other) total 

020
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Suicides (any method)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual suicides by any means total 

2835
46
38
37
24
33
41
32
3635 36
32
32
35
26
35
26
4636
29
45 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.9424
11.77
9.86
9.71
6.40
8.97
11.33
9.02
10.33
9.34
9.55
10.56
7.90
10.69
8.01
14.31
9.14
14.32
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Gun SuicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual firearm suicides total 

035
2
0
3
3
2
4
1
135 37
2
9
0
3
3
6
937
0
4 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.51
0.00
0.79
0.80
0.54
1.11
0.28
0.29
0.59
2.69
0.00
0.91
0.92
1.85
2.80
0.00
1.27
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Handgun SuicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual handgun suicides total 

035
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
3 
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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
0.00
0.92
0.92
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Long Gun SuicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the number of long gun suicides is 

035
1
0
3
3
2
4
1
1
2
2
0
1 
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Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.26
0.00
0.79
0.80
0.54
1.11
0.28
0.29
0.58
0.60
0.00
0.31
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Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual gun suicides (other) total 

035
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
2 
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Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.00
0.91
0.62
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Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

038
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
038 37
0
0
1
037
0
438 37
037
0
0 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
1.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Unintentional Handgun DeathsChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

038
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

038
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

038
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
1.23
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

139
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.2524
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

139
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.2524
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

039
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

039
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

040
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
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Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0024
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In the Australian Capital Territory, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence⁴¹ ⁴² ⁴³ ⁴⁴

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn the Australian Capital Territory, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law45 46 47
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Firearm ImportsIn the Australian Capital Territory, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law45 48 46 47
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Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in the Australian Capital Territory is low49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
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Regulation of Arms BrokersIn the Australian Capital Territory, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law60
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End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in the Australian Capital Territory include61 62 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in the Australian Capital Territory is categorised as restrictive63
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in the Australian Capital Territory includes the Firearms Act 1996,64 and the Firearms Regulation 2008.65 All Australian States and Territories are bound by the National Firearms Agreement of 199666 and 201767
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in the Australian Capital Territory are regulated by the Executive Legislative Assembly and the Australian Federal Police68, Registrar of Firearms, through the Australian Federal Police69
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn the Australian Capital Territory, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law70 71 72 73
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn the Australian Capital Territory, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, self-loading rifles and shotguns (including pump action shotguns), military style firearms, silenced firearms, most handguns, and replica firearms74 75 76 77 66
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn the Australian Capital Territory, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with only narrow exceptions for permanently inoperable display, museum or collector's guns75 74 66
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn the Australian Capital Territory, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited, lookalikes included, in all but exceptional circumstances75 74 66
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Regulation of HandgunsIn the Australian Capital Territory, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is only permitted subject to stringent conditions75 78
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Law Regulates Long GunsIn the Australian Capital Territory,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law75 74 77
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn the Australian Capital Territory, only licensed gun owners79 80 81 82 76 83 84 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in the Australian Capital Territory are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example gun club membership for sport/target shooting, recreational hunting/vermin control, primary production, narrow business, employment, and occupational requirements, animal welfare, and bona fide firearm collections.85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 84
In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason103 104 105 106
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in the Australian Capital Territory is 18 years,107 108 or 12 years while under the immediate supervision of an appropriately qualified adult licence holder109 101
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in the Australian Capital Territory must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, domestic violence, residential and other110 111 112 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn the Australian Capital Territory, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required for some licence categories113
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in the Australian Capital Territory stipulates112 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn the Australian Capital Territory, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required83 114 for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn the Australian Capital Territory, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one to five years depending on the licence category115 116
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Licensing RecordsIn the Australian Capital Territory, authorities maintain a record117 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in the Australian Capital Territory are permitted to possess 1 firearm per acquisition permit,118 but only one category H firearm (handgun)114
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in the Australian Capital Territory are permitted to possess ammunition only for those firearms for which the purchaser is licensed, with a limit on the quantity of ammunition that may be purchased in a given period119 120
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn the Australian Capital Territory, the law requires121 117 122 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn the Australian Capital Territory, licensed firearm dealers are required123 44 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn the Australian Capital Territory, licensed gun makers are required44 124  to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn the Australian Capital Territory, State agencies are required125 126 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn the Australian Capital Territory, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted and registered by a licensed firearm dealer, or in remote locations by police127 118 42 128
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn the Australian Capital Territory, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful42 43
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Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in the Australian Capital Territory is obliged118 110 111 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in the Australian Capital Territory is obliged118 110 111 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn the Australian Capital Territory, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per acquisition permit,118 but only one category H firearm (handgun)114
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Number of Licensed Gun DealersThe number of licensed firearm dealers in the Australian Capital Territory is reported to be 

1999: 14129
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn the Australian Capital Territory, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is 28 days130 131
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn the Australian Capital Territory, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated128 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in the Australian Capital Territory include132 133 134 135 136 137 138 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in the Australian Capital Territory include43 139 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in the Australian Capital Territory include126 125 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in the Australian Capital Territory include140 132 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn the Australian Capital Territory, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law141 122 142
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Firearm TracingIn the Australian Capital Territory, state authorities carry out143 144 145 146 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
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Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn the Australian Capital Territory, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not147 148 124 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn the Australian Capital Territory, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.103 104 105 106
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn the Australian Capital Territory, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.103 104 105 106
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn the Australian Capital Territory, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm149 is five to 20 years in prison82 76 127 42 119 123 41 141 132 133 134 140 105
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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction ProgrammesAuthorities in the Australian Capital Territory are known to have150 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2017: 699151
2015: 25911
2014: 17612 11 152
2006: 88153
2005: 143153 154
2004: 178154
2003: 258155
2002: 193156 155 157
2000: 660158 159
1997: 5,380158 160
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Small Arms DestroyedChartIn the Australian Capital Territory, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

2017: 634161
1996/2001: 5,246150
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Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn the Australian Capital Territory, it is not state policy162 163 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

Short References

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2.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Privately Owned Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G1) Full Citation
3.: UNODC.2010.‘Value of the Global Firearms Market (Licit and Illicit).’ The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment (TOCTA).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 June. (Q13189)Full Citation
4.: Harding, Richard W.1981.‘How Many Guns? - Private Ownership of Other Firearms in Australia 1979.’ Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: an Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia.Nedlands, WA:University of Western Australia Press,1 December. (Q11912)Full Citation
5.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Australian Capital Territory (Civilian Guns).’ Estimated Resident Population of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,13 December. (Q6538)Full Citation
6.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G6) Full Citation
7.: SSAA National.2016.‘Handguns.’ A Journalist's Guide to Firearms and the Shooting Sports.Adelaide:Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia (SSAA National) Inc,1 April. (Q11748)Full Citation
8.: Bricknell, Samantha.2008.‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Legal ownership.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,14 October. (Q947)Full Citation
9.: Harding, Richard W.1981.‘How Many Guns? - Private Handgun Ownership in Australia, 1979.’ Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: an Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia.Nedlands, WA:University of Western Australia Press,1 December. (Q11919)Full Citation
10.: Australian Capital Territory.2016.‘ACT Firearm Licensing and Registration Figures.’ Freedom of Information Request No. FOI 2016/450.Canberra:Australian Federal Police,2 May. (Q13186)Full Citation
11.: Megan Gorrey. 2016. ‘Gun Ownership Increases With More than 19,000 Firearms in the ACT.’ Canberra Times (Australia). 12 January. (N468) Full Citation
12.: Ben Westcott. 2015. ‘Canberra Gun Club Membership Surges With Over 18,000 Firearms in Territory.’ Canberra Times (Australia). 24 January. (N439) Full Citation
13.: ACT Policing.2011.‘Firearms Licences and Registered Firearms.’ E-mails to GunPolicy.org.Canberra:ACT Policing, Australian Federal Police,22 February. (Q3911)Full Citation
14.: Mouzos, Jenny.2002.‘Number of licence holders and registered firearms by jurisdiction, 1 July 2001.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice: Firearms Theft in Australia.Canberra:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q4073)Full Citation
15.: Wainwright, Robert.1998.‘Shooters Scramble for Gun Licences.’ Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Sydney Morning Herald,29 August. (Q11737)Full Citation
16.: Tom Lowrey. 2016. ‘Registered Gun Count in Canberra Approaching 20,000 as Shooting Clubs See Boom in Interest.’ ABC News (Australia). 9 April. (N485) Full Citation
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Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
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19.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Rates - Australian Capital Territory (Total Gun Deaths).’ Australian Historical Population Statistics - Data Cubes.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,26 March. (Q5043)Full Citation
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22.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B2: Homicide Victims by Year and Jurisdiction, 1989/90 to 2009/10.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q8365)Full Citation
23.: Virueda, Marie and Jason Payne.2010.‘Homicide victims, 1989-90 to 2007-08.’ Homicide in Australia: 2007-08 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,17 December. (Q7232)Full Citation
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26.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B8: Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2009/10.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q12094)Full Citation
27.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B8: Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2008/09.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q12093)Full Citation
28.: Virueda, Marie and Jason Payne.2010.‘Homicide Victim Primary Cause of Death, 2007-08 - Gunshot.’ Homicide in Australia: 2007-08 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,17 December. (Q3724)Full Citation
29.: Dearden, Jack and Warwick Jones.2008.‘Victims by Cause of Death, 2006-2007 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2006-07 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,5 December. (Q3723)Full Citation
30.: Davies, Megan and Jenny Mouzos.2007.‘Homicide in Australia: 2005-06 National Homicide Monitoring Program annual report.’ Research and Public Policy Series.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / NHMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,19 July. (Q3718)Full Citation
31.: Mouzos, Jenny and Tina Houliaras.2006.‘Table: Victims by Cause of Death, 2004-05 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2004-05 National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP) Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,1 January. (Q3713)Full Citation
32.: Mouzos, Jenny.2005.‘Victims by Cause of Death, 2003-2004 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2003-2004 National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP) Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,5 October. (Q3722)Full Citation
33.: Mouzos, Jenny and Marie Segrave.2004.‘Victims by Cause of Death, 2002-2003 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2002-2003 National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP) Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,7 June. (Q3721)Full Citation
34.: Mouzos, Jenny.2003.‘Victims by Cause of Death, 2001-2002 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2001-2002 National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP) Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,3 April. (Q3720)Full Citation
35.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australian Capital Territory, 2007-2016- Intentional Self-harm.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q7398)Full Citation
36.: Australia.2010.‘Suicide by Sex, Australian Capital Territory 1999 to 2008 - Number.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2008.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,14 May. (Q2859)Full Citation
37.: Australia.2010.‘Suicides and Accidental Deaths Caused by Firearm Discharge, Australian Capital Territory.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2008: Table 9.2 Underlying cause of death, All causes, Australian Capital Territory, 1999–2008.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,14 May. (Q2862)Full Citation
38.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australian Capital Territory, 2007-2016 - Accidental Injury.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q7462)Full Citation
39.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australian Capital Territory, 2007-2016 - Event of Undetermined Intent.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q7454)Full Citation
40.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australian Capital Territory, 2007-2016 - Legal Intervention.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q13254)Full Citation
41.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unauthorised Manufacture of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016 ).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q11930)Full Citation
42.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Firearms Dealers to be Licensed.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2567)Full Citation
43.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Dealer Licences, Restrictions on Issue.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2629)Full Citation
44.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Dealer Licences, Required Particulars for Recording Acquisitions and Disposals - Act, s 194 (2) (e).’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q11931)Full Citation
45.: Australia.2016.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12059)Full Citation
46.: Australia.2016.‘Record Keeping [Imports-Exports].’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12057)Full Citation
47.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Commonwealth Amendments.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8898)Full Citation
48.: Australia.2016.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12061)Full Citation
49.: Alpers, Philip.2016.‘Where Do Australian Criminals Get the Majority of Their Illegal Firearms?.’ The Origin of Australian Crime Guns.Sydney:GunPolicy.org / Sydney School of Public Health,14 November. (Q6062)Full Citation
50.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘How Firearms Enter the Illicit Market.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11625)Full Citation
51.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘How Firearms Enter the Illicit Market.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11589)Full Citation
52.: Alpers, Philip.2013.‘The Big Melt: How One Democracy Changed after Scrapping a Third of Its Firearms - Importation and Smuggling of Firearms.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6570)Full Citation
53.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘New Supply Challenges.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11591)Full Citation
54.: ACC.2015.‘Firearm Trafficking.’ Organised Crime in Australia 2015.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,1 May. (Q11621)Full Citation
55.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q2078)Full Citation
56.: Australia.2003.‘Customs and Handguns - Frequently Asked Questions.’ Australian Customs Service; Website.Canberra:Australian Customs Service,11 January. (Q2554)Full Citation
57.: Bricknell, Samantha.2008.‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Conclusion.’ Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,14 October. (Q2555)Full Citation
58.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q2556)Full Citation
59.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Small Arms in the Pacific: Summary.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q2557)Full Citation
60.: Australia.2016.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12062)Full Citation
61.: Australia.2016.‘End-user Certificate.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12060)Full Citation
62.: Australia.2003.‘National Small Arms Report.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,5 May. (Q3225)Full Citation
63.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
64.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Firearms Act 1996.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2511)Full Citation
65.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Preliminary.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2604)Full Citation
66.: Australia.1996.‘Bans on Specific Types of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q982)Full Citation
67.: Australia.2017.‘Opening Statement.’ National Firearms Agreement 2017.Canberra:Council of Australian Governments,1 February. (Q13508)Full Citation
68.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Regulation - Making Power.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2573)Full Citation
69.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Registrar of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q11927)Full Citation
70.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
71.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
72.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Principles and Objects of Act.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2512)Full Citation
73.: Queensland.1999.‘Carnes v Essenberg and Ors.’ QCA 339 (1999) and appeals.Brisbane:Queensland Court of Appeal,23 August. (Q4058)Full Citation
74.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Principles and Objects of Act.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2513)Full Citation
75.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2574)Full Citation
76.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unauthorised Possession or Use of Prohibited Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2516)Full Citation
77.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Category C Licences, Target Shooting.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2624)Full Citation
78.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Prohibited Pistols, Sport or Target Shooting.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2623)Full Citation
79.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Categories.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2519)Full Citation
80.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2575)Full Citation
81.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘General Power to Issue Permits.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2559)Full Citation
82.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unauthorised Possession or Use of Firearms other than Prohibited Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2517)Full Citation
83.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Refusal.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2518)Full Citation
84.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Temporary Recognition of Interstate Licences - General.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q11932)Full Citation
85.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q969)Full Citation
86.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2521)Full Citation
87.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Sport or Target Shooting.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2524)Full Citation
88.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Recreational Hunting or Vermin Control on Rural Land.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2525)Full Citation
89.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Primary Production.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2527)Full Citation
90.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Vertebrate Pest Animal Control.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2529)Full Citation
91.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Business or Employment.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2531)Full Citation
92.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Occupational Requirements Relating to Rural Purposes.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2532)Full Citation
93.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Animal Welfare.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2533)Full Citation
94.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Firearms Collection.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2534)Full Citation
95.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms - Heirloom Possession.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2535)Full Citation
96.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - No Genuine Reason to Possess or Use Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2536)Full Citation
97.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Restriction on Issue of Category C Licences.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2538)Full Citation
98.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Restriction on Issue of Category D Licences.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2539)Full Citation
99.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Restriction on Issue of Category H Licences.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2540)Full Citation
100.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Special Conditions for Collectors Licences.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2541)Full Citation
101.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Minors Firearms Licences - Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2558)Full Citation
102.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Adult Licence Condition, Category C or H Licences.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2626)Full Citation
103.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q970)Full Citation
104.: King, Brooke.2009.‘Firearms Controls in Australia.’ Challenges, Constraints and Opportunities in National PoA Implementation by States of the Pacific.Sydney:Firearms Unit, Australian Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department,22 June. (Q1985)Full Citation
105.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Carriage or Use of Firearm - Improper Manner.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2666)Full Citation
106.: Warner, Kate and Simon Sherwood.2006.‘Firearms Legislation in Australia a Decade After the Nationwide Agreement: Summary and comments.’ National Coalition for Gun Control.Hobart:National Coalition for Gun Control,1 July. (Q973)Full Citation
107.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Children Prohibited from Owning Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2545)Full Citation
108.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Minors Firearms Licences - Applications.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2544)Full Citation
109.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Minors Firearms Licences, Minimum Age.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2628)Full Citation
110.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Assessing Suitability of Individuals - Discretionary Criteria.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2514)Full Citation
111.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Assessing Suitability of Individuals - Mandatory Criteria.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2515)Full Citation
112.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Mandatory Suspension.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2543)Full Citation
113.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Shooting Clubs, Conditions of Approval.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2664)Full Citation
114.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Adult Licence Conditions, Category H Licences for Business.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2627)Full Citation
115.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Period in Force.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2542)Full Citation
116.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Adult Licences, Period.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2625)Full Citation
117.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Contents of Register.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2563)Full Citation
118.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Permits to Acquire - Applications.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2560)Full Citation
119.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Sale of Ammunition by Licensed Firearms Dealers.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2665)Full Citation
120.: Australia.1996.‘Recording of Sales.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q985)Full Citation
121.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2562)Full Citation
122.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Register of Firearms, Other Particulars.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2630)Full Citation
123.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Inspection of Records.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2568)Full Citation
124.: Australia.2008.‘Small Arms and Light Weapons UN Report.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1736)Full Citation
125.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1739)Full Citation
126.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1738)Full Citation
127.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unlawful Acquisition of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2569)Full Citation
128.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Arms Fairs, Permits to Conduct.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2636)Full Citation
129.: Mouzos, Jenny.1999.‘International Traffic in Small Arms: An Australian Perspective.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q13194)Full Citation
130.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘When Permits to Acquire May be Issued.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2561)Full Citation
131.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘When Adult Firearms Licences May be Issued.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2520)Full Citation
132.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Failing to Comply with Storage Requirements.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2564)Full Citation
133.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Storage Requirements for Category A, Category B and Paintball Marker Licences.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2565)Full Citation
134.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Storage Requirements for Category C, D and H Licences.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2566)Full Citation
135.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Safe Storage Requirements, Category A and Category B Firearms and Paintball Markers.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2631)Full Citation
136.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Safe Storage Requirements, Category D Firearms.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2632)Full Citation
137.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Storage of Category A and Category B Firearms, Collectors.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2633)Full Citation
138.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Storage of Category C, Category D and Category H Firearms, Collectors.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2634)Full Citation
139.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Storage of Firearms, Firearms Dealers.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2635)Full Citation
140.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Transport of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2570)Full Citation
141.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offences - Defacing, Altering and Removing Identification Marks.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2571)Full Citation
142.: Australia.2016.‘Marking at Manufacture.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12066)Full Citation
143.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘Firearms Tracing.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11590)Full Citation
144.: Australia.2016.‘Tracing.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12058)Full Citation
145.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Analysis of the Australian Crime Commission's National Firearm Trace Database.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8897)Full Citation
146.: ACC.2015.‘Firearm Trafficking.’ Organised Crime in Australia 2015.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,1 May. (Q11622)Full Citation
147.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Firearms Act 1996.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q4043)Full Citation
148.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Preliminary.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q4044)Full Citation
149.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
150.: Reuter, Peter and Jenny Mouzos, in: Cook, Philip and Jens Ludwig (Eds).2002.‘Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns.’ In: Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press,1 December. (Q3050)Full Citation
151.: Australia.2017.‘Outcomes - Total Number of Firearms by Category.’ National Firearms Amnesty Report 2017.Canberra:Australian Government,1 December. (Q13280)Full Citation
152.: Australian Capital Territory.2014.‘ACT Illicit Firearms Rewards Campaign [Number of Seized Firearms, 2013-14].’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2013-2014.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,18 September. (Q11764)Full Citation
153.: Australian Capital Territory.2006.‘Number of Firearms [Seized and Surrendered] in ACT, 2005-06.’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2005-2006.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,22 September. (Q11717)Full Citation
154.: Australian Capital Territory.2005.‘Number of Firearms [Seized, Surrendered and Destroyed] in ACT, 2004-05.’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2004-2005.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,23 September. (Q11718)Full Citation
155.: Australian Capital Territory.2003.‘Number of Firearms [Seized, Surrendered and Destroyed] in ACT, 2002-03.’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2002-2003.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,8 October. (Q11719)Full Citation
156.: Australian Capital Territory.2002.‘Number of Firearms [Seized, Surrendered and Destroyed] in ACT, 2001-2002.’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2001-2002.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,30 October. (Q11720)Full Citation
157.: Australian Capital Territory.2002.‘ACT Firearms Amnesty, 2001.’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2001-2002.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,30 October. (Q11721)Full Citation
158.: Alpers, Philip and Amélie Rossetti.2016.‘Australian Firearm Amnesty, Buyback and Destruction Totals.’ Official tallies and media-reported numbers, 1987-2015.Sydney:GunPolicy.org, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney,3 May. (Q11781)Full Citation
159.: Australian Capital Territory.2001.‘Number of Firearms [Seized, Surrendered and Destroyed] in ACT, 2000-2001.’ ACT Policing Annual Report 2000-2001.Canberra:Australian Federal Police, ACT Policing,31 August. (Q11722)Full Citation
160.: Wainwright, Robert.1998.‘300,000 Banned Firearms Still in Circulation.’ Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Sydney Morning Herald,27 April. (Q11747)Full Citation
161.: Australia.2017.‘Outcomes - Total Number of Firearms by Reason.’ National Firearms Amnesty Report 2017.Canberra:Australian Government,1 December. (Q13281)Full Citation
162.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2572)Full Citation
163.: Australia.2008.‘Destruction of Surplus Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1719)Full Citation

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