Regions Oceania Australia & New Zealand Australia

Gun Facts Full Article

Australia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

Federal firearm regulation is limited: each state has its own gun law.
For state and territory comparisons, choose from the 'Go To' menu.

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
Compare
Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Australia is 

3,150,0001 2 3 4
3,010,0005 4
2,960,0006 5 4
2,943,3637 4 8
2,750,000
2,918,454
3,050,0009
2,500,00010
3,200,000
3,500,00011
2,055,00012
Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Australia is 

13.7013 3
13.67
13.60
13.6813 14 8
13.25
14.24
15.09
13.5813
17.59
21.34
14.92
Compare
Number of Privately Owned HandgunsChartIn Australia, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

120,79015
172,42216
192,00017
Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Australia ranked at No. 2518
Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Australia ranked at No. 429
Compare
Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

6.2%19
8.7%19
8%20
16.0%19
15.1%21
20.1%19 22
25%23
20%11
Compare
Proportion of Households with RiflesIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

12.5%21
Compare
Proportion of Households with ShotgunsIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

6.9%21
Compare
Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

0.3%19
1.1%
1.6%19 21
1.6%19
Compare
Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Australia is reported to be 

816,0001
730,0005 24
734,0001
873,62525
731,56717
478,32626 27
764,51828 29 17 27
1,200,00030
2,381,00022
Compare
Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Australia is 

3.5513
3.32
3.37
4.06
3.53
2.36
3.96
6.52
14.27 
Compare
Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Australia is reported to be 

3,158,7953
2,890,0001 31
2,750,0005 24
2,700,0006 1 32 33
2,675,78525
2,500,00017
2,653,14026 27
2,165,17028 29 17 27
2,500,00030 10
3,200,00027
4,000,00022
1,354,700 34
Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Australia is 

12.5713 1
12.49
12.401
12.44
12.05
12.95
11.22
13.58
17.59
23.98
9.84
Compare
Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,35 but in Australia there are estimated to be 

260,0002 3
260,0005
260,0005 36
267,5797 35 8
250,000
265,314
Compare
Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,35 but in Australia the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

1.1313
1.18
1.19
1.24
1.20
1.29
Government Guns
Compare
Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Australia are reported to have 214,52037 firearms
Compare
Routine Arming of PoliceIn Australia, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms38
Compare
Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Australia are reported to have 69,00039 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

23840
218
239
210
231
190
241
230
235
237
245
221
243
28940 41
292
326
32441
347
312
428
516
470
516
513
608
618
595
549
674
694
677
682
675
644
689
618
687
685 
Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

1.0442
0.96
1.06
0.94
1.05
0.87
1.12
1.08
1.12
1.14
1.20
1.09
1.22
1.46
1.49
1.69
1.70
1.84
1.68
2.32
2.84
2.61
2.90
2.91
3.49
3.59
3.51
3.29
4.11
4.30
4.26
4.35
4.35
4.20
4.54
4.14
4.70
3.29
Compare
Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

21043
193
209
174
210
Compare
Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

2043
15
17
14
21
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual homicides by any means total 

24444
265
235
227
28544 45 46
24344 47 45 46 48 49
25844 47 50 51 46 48
272
25144 47 50 51 46 48
216
256
199
164
27847 50 51 46 48
291
30050 51 46 48
34051 46 48
34151 48
312
319
358
342
34251
360
331
351
331 
Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.0652
1.16
1.04
1.02
1.2952 46
1.1252 46 48 49
1.2052 46 48
1.28
1.19
1.04
1.25
0.98
0.82
1.41
1.49
1.55
1.78
1.8152 48
1.68
1.73
1.97
1.90
1.9252
2.04
1.90
2.04
1.95
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual male homicides by any means total 

15153
14743
145
198
152
157
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual female homicides by any means total 

8553
8843
82
87
91
87
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual firearm homicides total 

4244
27
31
35
4244 54 46
42
3944 47 50 55 46
3744 47 50 56 46 48
2744 47 50 46 48
2644 47 50 46 48 57
4144 47 50 46 48
1944 47 50 46 48 58
1744 47 50 48
5447 50 59 41 48
4547 50 59 41 48
4750 59 41 48
5759 41 48
50
57
79
104
67
7659 41
64
96
84
79
80
123 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1852
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.15
0.18
0.1752 48
0.13
0.13
0.20
0.09
0.09
0.2752 59 48
0.23
0.24
0.3059 48
0.26
0.30
0.43
0.57
0.37
0.4359
0.36
0.55
0.49
0.46
0.48
0.74
Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Australia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

16%60 46
12%60 46 49
12%60 46
13%60 46
12%
9%
14%
15%
17%60
15%
14%
21%60 46
20%60 48
18%
21%
22%
22%
25%
19%60
25%
20%
21%
25%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual male firearm homicides total 

2343
23
28
34
26
28
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual female firearm homicides total 

843
8
7
8
6
7
Compare
Handgun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual handgun homicides total 

544
1
4
3
4
644 47
644 47 50
9
7
1
14
444
2
647 50
12
1350 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0252
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.07
Compare
Long Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual long gun homicides total 

2144
13
19
11
14
1744 47
2244 47 50
18
11
14
15
10
5
2447 50
20
1050 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0952
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.12
0.10
0.05
Compare
Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual gun homicides (other) total 

1644
13
8
21
24
944 47
1144 47 50
1044 47 50
9
11
12
5
10
2447 50
13
2450 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0752
0.06
0.04
0.09
0.11
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.05
0.12
0.07
0.12
Compare
Suicides (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual suicides by any means total 

2,86261
3,027
2,861
2,568
2,580
2,39261 62
2,47861 62 63
2,335
2,340
2,227
2,118
2,101
2,098
2,21362 63 59
2,320
2,45463 59
2,36359
2,492
2,683
2,720
2,393
2,368
2,258
2,081
2,294
2,360
2,161
2,096
2,197 
Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

12.4552
13.30
12.71
11.54
11.72
10.99
11.52
10.98
11.14
10.73
10.34
10.38
10.49
11.2052 59
11.88
12.72
12.3459
13.17
14.34
14.69
13.07
13.10
12.65
11.78
13.11
13.65
12.66
12.47
13.29
Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual male suicides by any means total 

2,15743
1,919
1,930
1,811
1,865
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual female suicides by any means total 

70443
649
650
581
553
Compare
Gun SuicidesChartIn Australia, annual firearm suicides total 

18361
177
178
166
177
14461 62
17161 62 63
174
183
190
181
147
167
19362 63 59 41
217
26163 59 41
22259 41
269
235
329
382
388
420
431
488
505
486
450
521 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.8052
0.78
0.79
0.76
0.80
0.66
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.92
0.88
0.73
0.84
0.9852 59
1.11
1.35
1.1659
1.42
1.26
1.78
2.09
2.15
2.35
2.44
2.79
2.92
2.85
2.68
3.15
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual male firearm suicides total 

17243
158
169
137
154
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual female firearm suicides total 

643
8
8
7
12
Compare
Handgun SuicidesChartIn Australia, annual handgun suicides total 

1861
17
17
23
12
1761 62
1861 62 63
17
25
15
15
14
13
2562 63
24
3463 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0852
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.13
0.12
0.18
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesChartIn Australia, the number of long gun suicides is 

15761
137
128
131
135
11661 62
14161 62 63
139
140
146
150
127
99
13362 63
165
17363 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.6852
0.60
0.57
0.59
0.61
0.53
0.66
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.73
0.63
0.50
0.67
0.84
0.90
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual gun suicides (other) total 

861
23
33
12
30
1161 62
1261 62 63
18
18
29
16
6
55
3562 63
28
5463 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0352
0.10
0.15
0.05
0.14
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.14
0.08
0.03
0.28
0.18
0.14
0.28
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

564
3
3
3
3
764 65
1164 65 66
7
5
4
8
50
54
4065 66 59 41
30
18
4559 41
28
22
19
30
15
20
18
24
29
30
19
30 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0252
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.25
0.27
0.2052 59
0.15
0.09
0.2359
0.15
0.12
0.10
0.16
0.08
0.11
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.18
0.11
0.18
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

243
3
3
7
11
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

143
0
0
0
0
Compare
Unintentional Handgun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

064
0
0
1
0
064 65
164 65 66
0
1
0
1
064
2
365 66 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

564
3
3
1
3
764 65
964 65 66
5
3
3
6
3
8
1165 66
10
666 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0252
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.03
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

064
0
0
1
0
064 65
164 65 66
2
1
1
1
47
44
2665 66
20
1266 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.22
0.13
0.10
0.06
Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

267
4
18
4
4
567 68
1167 68 69
8
16
11
12
467
3
259
0
270
859
3
5
3
6
6
7
5
15
13
17 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0152
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.0159
0.00
0.0170
0.0459
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.09
0.08
0.10
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

1343
4
3
4
17
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

543
0
1
1
2
Compare
Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

167
0
1
0
0
067 68
267 68 69
0
1
0
1
267
0 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

067
2
7
1
0
467 68
267 68 69
1
4
3
2
267
2 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

167
2
10
3
4
167 68
767 68 69
7
11
8
9
067
1 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.01
Compare
Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

671
7
9
2
5
2
971 72
4
4
6
3
1
2
1072
4
573
474
775
776 
Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0352
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Australia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence77 78 
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Australia was ranked 'small'79
Compare
Home-made GunsIn Australia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low80 81 82 83 

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Australia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law84 85 86
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)The annual number of firearms exported from Australia is reported by manufacturers to be 

4,54087
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Australia is reported by Customs to be US$

69,330,16388
87,543,642
38,488,325
76,893,241
28,498,30688 89
11,077,63090
12,000,00091
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Australia was categorized as 'major'92 93 94
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn Australia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law84 95 85 86
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Australia is reported to be 

104,32396 97 98 99 100 101
98,351
88,185
90,006
72,586
73,701
57,522
58,111
47,820
39,389
38,78696 97 98 99 100
36,980
40,939
28,016
30,666
33,152
18,405
34,837
89,760
44,802
48,75198
32,928
35,881
45,305
71,675
57,222
51,502
104,149102
108,854
194,764
191,359
166,364
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Australia is reported by Customs to be US$

117,036,08988
115,669,478
164,400,240
124,383,473
122,098,69988 103 104 105 106
104,812,08090 107 108
132,000,000109
62,000,000103
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Australia is low110 80 111 112 81 113 114 115 99 83 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Australia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law125
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Australia include126 127 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Australia scored 

12.50128
12.00129
12.25130
11.25131
10.25132
10.00133
10.25134
10.25135
10.25136
11.25137
11.25138
10.00139
11.25140
11.25141 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Australia is categorised as restrictive142
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Australia includes the National Firearms Agreement (NFA) of 1996143 and 2017,144 the National Firearms Trafficking Policy Agreement (NFTPA) 2002,145 the National Handgun Agreement (NHA) 2002,146 and the Firearms Acts and Regulations of each State and Territory147 
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Australia are regulated by the local State and Territory authorities148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn Australia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law156 157 158 159 160
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Australia, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic and semi-automatic firearms, self-loading and pump action shotguns, handguns with a calibre in excess of .38in with only narrow exemptions, semi-automatic handguns with a barrel length less than 120mm, and revolvers with a barrel length less than 100mm143 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Australia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with only narrow exceptions for permanently inoperable collector's, display, or museum guns143 161 163 164 165 166 171 172 169 170 49
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Australia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons and their lookalikes is prohibited in all but exceptional circumstances161 163 164 165 166 167 168 173
Compare
Regulation of HandgunsIn Australia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is only permitted subject to stringent conditions161 174 162 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 49
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn Australia,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law161 163 164 165 166 167 168 173 49
Compare
Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Australia, only licensed gun owners183 184 185 186 151 187 188 189 190 49 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Australia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example gun club membership, hunting, target shooting, firearm collection, pest control, and narrow occupational uses.191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199
In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason200 201 202
Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Australia is 18 years, or as young as 11 years while under the immediate supervision of an appropriately licensed adult183 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210
Compare
Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Australia must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, physical, addiction, domestic violence, residential and other211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 49 records
Compare
Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Australia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required for some licence categories in some jurisdictions220 221 222 223
Compare
Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Australia stipulates211 224 225 214 226 216 227 218 228 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
Compare
Firearm Safety TrainingIn Australia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required229 230 231 232 233 217 234 235 for a firearm licence
Compare
Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Australia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one to five years depending on the licence category183 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243
Compare
Licensing RecordsIn Australia, authorities maintain a record244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Australia are permitted to possess only the number and type of firearms specified on their licence or acquisition permit192 254 255 256 257 151 258 259 260 258 261
Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Australia are permitted to possess ammunition only for those firearms for which the purchaser is licensed, with a limit on the quantity of ammunition that may be purchased in a given period262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 261
Firearm Registration
Compare
Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Australia, the law requires270 271 244 252 247 246 249 251 250 253 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Compare
Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Australia, licensed firearm dealers are required272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 253 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Australia, licensed gun makers are required280 253 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
Compare
State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Australia, State agencies are required281 282 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
Compare
Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Australia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted and registered by a licensed firearm dealer, or in remote locations by police262 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Australia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful262 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297
Compare
Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Australia is obliged262 211 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Australia is obliged262 211 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn Australia, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per acquisition permit, in accordance with the particular firearm licence category254 255 298 257 299 258 300 260 258 261
Compare
Number of Licensed Gun DealersChartThe number of licensed firearm dealers in Australia is reported to be 

1999: 1,581301
1998: 1,223302
Compare
Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Australia, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is 28 days for a first sale or transfer, with exemptions in some states and territories for subsequent acquisition of the same type of firearm for which the owner already holds a licence254 303 298 304 305 306 217 307 308
Compare
Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Australia, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events in some jurisdictions, are regulated309 310 311 312 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Australia include313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Australia include322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Australia include282 281 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Australia include330 331 332 333 334 335 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Australia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law78
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Australia, state authorities carry out336 337 338 339 340 341  recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Australia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not342 343 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Australia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.200 201 344 345 346 347 348 202 49
Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Australia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.200 201 344 345 346 347 348 202 49
Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Australia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm349 is 20 years in prison, depending on the jurisdiction and category of firearm350 185 186 351 352 188 189 190 353
Compare
Collection, Amnesty and Destruction ProgrammesAuthorities in Australia are known to have354 355 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Australia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2017: 57,324356
2015: 3,000357
2014: 3,000358
2012: 3,485359 360 361 362
2011: 5,922360 361 362
2010: 5,798360 361
2008/11: 4,000363 361
2006: 5,15717 361
2004: 68,727364 365
1987/2015: 1,121,577366 354 355 367
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Australia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

2017: 20,174368
2015: 17,081369
2012: 3,485360
2011: 3,857
2010: 3,109
1987/2015: 1,121,577366 354 355 367
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Australia, it is not state policy370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Pacific Islands ForumAs a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, Australia adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arms-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum378 379
Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006380 by Australia.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified381 by Australia
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed, but not yet ratified382 by Australia
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Australia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects383
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Australia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 22384 385 386 387 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Australia has submitted one or more national reports388 389 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Australia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated390 389
Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Australia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated390 389
Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Australia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent390 389 391
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 by Australia to other UN Member States
Compare
United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Australia has declared400 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Australia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945401
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists402 Australia as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry ProfileLink
Conflict ProfileFor a profile of conflict in Australia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Australia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

1.: Australia.2016.‘Firearm Registration and Licensing.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13163)Full Citation
2.: Australia.2016.‘Domestic Illicit Firearms Market.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13159)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
4.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Privately Owned Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G1) Full Citation
5.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘Australian Firearm Market.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11588)Full Citation
6.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Number of Registered Firearms in Australia, 2011.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11750)Full Citation
7.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms and of Privately Owned Firearms - Australia.’ Number of Registered Firearms, Australia.Sydney:GunPolicy.org,6 December. (Q13214)Full Citation
8.: UNODC.2010.‘Value of the Global Firearms Market (Licit and Illicit).’ The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment (TOCTA).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 June. (Q13189)Full Citation
9.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
10.: Reuter, Peter and Jenny Mouzos.2002.‘Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns.’ In: Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence. Editors: Philip Cook and Jens Ludwig.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press,1 December. (Q11733)Full Citation
11.: Chappell, Duncan, Peter Grabosky, Paul Wilson and Satyanshu Mukherjee.1988.‘Firearms and Violence in Australia: Gun Ownership.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology, citing Australian Bankers' Association figures,1 February. (Q11734)Full Citation
12.: Harding, Richard W.1981.‘How Many Guns? - Estimated Gun Ownership (other than airgun ownership) Australia 1975.’ Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: an Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia.Nedlands, WA:University of Western Australia Press,1 December. (Q11921)Full Citation
13.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Australia (Possession Data).’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,19 December. (Q4201)Full Citation
14.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G6) Full Citation
15.: SSAA National.2016.‘Handguns.’ A Journalist's Guide to Firearms and the Shooting Sports.Adelaide:Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia (SSAA National) Inc,1 April. (Q11748)Full Citation
16.: Bricknell, Samantha.2008.‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Legal ownership.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,14 October. (Q947)Full Citation
17.: Phillips, Janet, Malcolm Park and Catherine Lorimer.2007.‘How many legal firearms are there in Australia?.’ Firearms in Australia: A Guide to Electronic Resources.Canberra:Parliamentary Library, Federal Parliament of Australia,9 August. (Q13181)Full Citation
18.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation
19.: van Dijk, Jan, John van Kesteren and Paul Smit.2007.‘Ownership of Firearms and Handguns in Countries and Main Cities (percentages): 1989-2005 ICVS and 2005 EU ICS.’ Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key findings from the 2004-2005 ICVS and EU ICS.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,1 January. (Q11790)Full Citation
20.: Leigh, Andrew and Christine Neill.2010.‘Do Gun Buybacks Save Lives? Evidence from Panel Data - Introduction.’ American Law and Economics Review.Oxford:Oxford Journals / Oxford University Press,20 August. (Q11674)Full Citation
21.: Killias, Martin.1993.‘Gun Ownership, Suicide and Homicide: An International Perspective.’ Understanding Crime, Experiences of Crime and Crime Control - Acts of the International Conference, Rome, 18-20 Nov 1992.Rome:United Nations International Crime & Justice Research Institute (UNICRI),1 August. (Q1187)Full Citation
22.: Dann, Susan and Paul Wilson.1993.‘Gun Ownership & Violence in Australia: Strategies for Reduction.’ Current Issues in Criminal Justice.Brisbane:Sydney Institute of Criminology, The University of Sydney,1 July. (Q11751)Full Citation
23.: Chappell, Duncan, Peter Grabosky, Paul Wilson and Satyanshu Mukherjee.1988.‘Firearms and Violence in Australia.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q11782)Full Citation
24.: Australia.2012.‘Assessment of the Illegal Firearms Market.’ Final Report of the National Investigation into the Illegal Firearms Market.Canberra:Parliament of Australia,29 June. (Q11823)Full Citation
25.: Maning, Jo.2010.‘Total number of registered civilian firearms in Australia.’ Collated National Figures - Personal correspondence from the Assistant Director.Canberra:Drugs and Firearms Section, Border Management and Crime Prevention Branch, Criminal Justice Division, Australian Federal Attorney-General's Department,28 October. (Q3057)Full Citation
26.: Mouzos, Jenny.2006.‘An Overview of Firearms Theft in Australia.’ Presentation to the International Firearms Safety Seminar.Christchurch:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,23 February. (Q11657)Full Citation
27.: Petrie, Andrea.2006.‘A Disarming Cause: Have tighter gun laws made us safer?.’ The Age.Melbourne:28 April. (Q11658)Full Citation
28.: Mouzos, Jenny.2002.‘Firearms Theft in Australia.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q7231)Full Citation
29.: Mouzos, Jenny.2002.‘Number of licence holders and registered firearms by jurisdiction, 1 July 2001.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice: Firearms Theft in Australia.Canberra:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q4073)Full Citation
30.: Browne, Roland; Tidswell, Keith.1997.‘Upset by Lone Gunman's Killing Spree, Australians Turn in Weapons.’ Associated Press.Sydney:Associated Press,30 September. (Q11743)Full Citation
31.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Registered Firearms, Australia 2016.’ Freedom of Information Responses from Australian State and Territory Firearm Registries.Sydney:Australian State and Territory Firearm Registries,24 November. (Q13193)Full Citation
32.: Christopher Knaus. 2011. ‘ACT Black Market Fed by Theft of Legal Guns.’ Canberra Times (Australia). 8 August. (N495) Full Citation
33.: Townsend, Ian.2011.‘Guns are Back - Buyback Guns Replaced with Imports.’ ABC Radio National - Background Briefing.Brisbane:Australian Broadcasting Corporation,13 November. (Q11664)Full Citation
34.: Waterman, Snr Sgt S W.1987.‘Firearms - Is it a Police Responsibility?.’ Research Lecture Paper, Victoria Police College Inspector's Course No. 51, 1986.Melbourne:Victoria Police College,26 February. (Q11749)Full Citation
35.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
36.: McPhedran, Samara.2011.‘Firearms Registration in Australia.’ WiSH Fact Sheet - Background.Sydney:International Coalition for Women in Shooting and Hunting / WiSH,22 August. (Q5683)Full Citation
37.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
38.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific: Police Inventories.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q145)Full Citation
39.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
40.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Numbers of Gun Deaths - Australia.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,7 March. (Q6478)Full Citation
41.: Kreisfeld, Renate.2006.‘Australia Revised Firearm Deaths 1979-2003.’ National Injury Surveillance Unit / NISU.Adelaide:Research Centre for Injury Studies, Flinders University of South Australia,1 March. (Q954)Full Citation
42.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Rates - Australia (Total Gun Deaths).’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.New York, NY:US Census Bureau Population Division,7 March. (Q6472)Full Citation
43.: WHO.2016.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Causes of Death.’ WHO Mortality Data Base.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1 December. (Q13354)Full Citation
44.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Year of Occurrence, Australia, 2007-2016 - Assault.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q9177)Full Citation
45.: Bryant, Willow and Tracy Cussen.2015.‘Homicide Victims by Year and Jurisdiction, 1989–90 to 2010–12.’ Homicide in Australia: 2010–11 to 2011–12: National Homicide Monitoring Program report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q12091)Full Citation
46.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Australia.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q8901)Full Citation
47.: Australia.2013.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2002-2011 - Assault.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2011.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,15 March. (Q7379)Full Citation
48.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Australia.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6225)Full Citation
49.: Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Australia.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9635)Full Citation
50.: Australia.2012.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2001-2010 - Assault.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2010.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,20 March. (Q6476)Full Citation
51.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B2: Homicide Victims by Year and Jurisdiction, 1989/90 to 2009/10.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q8365)Full Citation
52.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Rates - Australia (Gun Death and Injury).’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,7 March. (Q6477)Full Citation
53.: UNODC.2017.‘Intentional Homicide Victims by Sex.’ Crime and Drugs Data.Vienna:UNODC,19 May. (Q13356)Full Citation
54.: Bryant, Willow and Tracy Cussen.2015.‘Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2010–12.’ Homicide in Australia: 2010–11 to 2011–12: National Homicide Monitoring Program report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q12092)Full Citation
55.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B8: Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2009/10.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q12094)Full Citation
56.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B8: Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2008/09.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q12093)Full Citation
57.: Dearden, Jack and Warwick Jones.2008.‘Victims by Cause of Death, 2006-2007 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2006-07 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,5 December. (Q3723)Full Citation
58.: Mouzos, Jenny and Tina Houliaras.2006.‘Table: Victims by Cause of Death, 2004-05 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2004-05 National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP) Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,1 January. (Q3713)Full Citation
59.: Chapman, Simon, Philip Alpers, Kingsley Agho and Mike Jones.2006.‘Gun-Related Deaths, Australia, 1979–2003.’ Australia's 1996 Gun Law Reforms: Faster falls in firearm deaths, firearm suicides, and a decade without mass shootings.Sydney:Injury Prevention,6 November. (Q1987)Full Citation
60.: Bryant, Willow and Tracy Cussen.2015.‘Weapon Use in Homicide Incidents by Year, 1989–90 to 2011–12.’ Homicide in Australia: 2010–11 to 2011–12: National Homicide Monitoring Program report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q12095)Full Citation
61.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2007-2016 - Intentional Self-harm.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q9178)Full Citation
62.: Australia.2013.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2002-2011 - Intentional Self-harm.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2011.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,15 March. (Q7380)Full Citation
63.: Australia.2012.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2001-2010 - Intentional Self-harm.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2010.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,20 March. (Q6475)Full Citation
64.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2004-2015 - Accidental Injury.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q9179)Full Citation
65.: Australia.2013.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2002-2011 - Accidental Injury.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2011.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,15 March. (Q7381)Full Citation
66.: Australia.2012.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2001-2010 - Accidental Injury.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2010.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,20 March. (Q6474)Full Citation
67.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2007-2016 - Event of Undetermined Intent.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q9180)Full Citation
68.: Australia.2013.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2002-2011 - Event of Undetermined Intent.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2011.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,15 March. (Q7382)Full Citation
69.: Australia.2012.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2001-2010 - Event of Undetermined Intent.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2010.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,20 March. (Q6473)Full Citation
70.: Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation
71.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2007-2016 - Justifiable Gun Homicides.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q8359)Full Citation
72.: Australia.2012.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2001-2010 - Justifiable Gun Homicides.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2010.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,20 March. (Q8360)Full Citation
73.: Australia.2011.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2000-2009 - Justifiable Gun Homicides.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2009.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,3 May. (Q8362)Full Citation
74.: Australia.2010.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 1999-2008 - Justifiable Gun Homicides.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2008.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,31 March. (Q8363)Full Citation
75.: Australia.2009.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 1998-2007 - Justifiable Gun Homicides.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2007.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,18 March. (Q8364)Full Citation
76.: Australia.2008.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 1997-2006 - Justifiable Gun Homicides.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2006.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,14 March. (Q8361)Full Citation
77.: Australia.2012.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6494)Full Citation
78.: Australia.2016.‘Marking at Manufacture.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12066)Full Citation
79.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation
80.: Australia.2016.‘Contemporary Diversion Methods.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13169)Full Citation
81.: Australia.2016.‘Contemporary Diversion Methods - Illicit Manufacture.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13160)Full Citation
82.: Kerlatec, John.2007.‘Illegal Firearm Trafficking: A NSW Perspective.’ Australian Police Journal.Sydney:NSW Police Firearms & Regulated Industries Crime Squad,1 December. (Q2579)Full Citation
83.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘New Supply Challenges.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11591)Full Citation
84.: Australia.2016.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12059)Full Citation
85.: Australia.2016.‘Record Keeping [Imports-Exports].’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12057)Full Citation
86.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Commonwealth Amendments.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8898)Full Citation
87.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Illegal Importation.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8899)Full Citation
88.: United Nations.2018.‘National Customs Data on Small Arms Exports and Imports - Australia.’ UN Comtrade International Trade Statistics Database.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,1 January. (Q13405)Full Citation
89.: Rigual, Christelle.2015.‘Annexe 4.1: Major Exporters.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11077)Full Citation
90.: Marsh, Nicholas.2014.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,22 December. (Q16)Full Citation
91.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Annexes 8.1: Major Exporters.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q8485)Full Citation
92.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11069)Full Citation
93.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11037)Full Citation
94.: Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation
95.: Australia.2016.‘Marking at Import.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12061)Full Citation
96.: Alpers, Philip.2016.‘Firearm Imports, Australia: Non-air modern firearms for civilian possession, 1995 to 2015 (Customs).’ Australian Customs and Border Protection - Compilation.Canberra:GunPolicy.org. Sydney School of Public Health,22 April. (Q11799)Full Citation
97.: Australia.2016.‘Commercial Firearm Importations - All Firearms.’ Freedom of Information Act Decision.Canberra:Department of Immigration and Border Protection,18 March. (Q11732)Full Citation
98.: Alpers, Philip.2016.‘Firearm Imports, Australia: Non-air modern firearms for civilian possession, 1988 to 2015 (ABS).’ Australian Bureau of Statistics - Compilation of Customs data.Canberra:GunPolicy.org. Sydney School of Public Health,20 April. (Q11780)Full Citation
99.: Alpers, Philip.2013.‘The Big Melt: How One Democracy Changed after Scrapping a Third of Its Firearms - Importation and Smuggling of Firearms.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6570)Full Citation
100.: Australia.2016.‘Legal Importation of Firearms.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13172)Full Citation
101.: UN Register of Conventional Arms.2018.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports - Australia.’ UNROCA - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs / UNODA,1 January. (Q13343)Full Citation
102.: Harding, Richard W.1981.‘Australian Gun Imports, 1974-79.’ Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: an Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia.Nedlands, WA:University of Western Australia Press,1 December. (Q11925)Full Citation
103.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Trends in Small Arms Imports per Top Importer and for All Importers, as Reported to UN Comtrade, 2001-2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11072)Full Citation
104.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Top Exporters and Importers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11068)Full Citation
105.: Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Importers of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11070)Full Citation
106.: Rigual, Christelle.2015.‘Annexe 4.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q11078)Full Citation
107.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Major Exporters and Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11036)Full Citation
108.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Importers of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q11041)Full Citation
109.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Annexes 8.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q8486)Full Citation
110.: Alpers, Philip.2016.‘Where Do Australian Criminals Get the Majority of Their Illegal Firearms?.’ The Origin of Australian Crime Guns.Sydney:GunPolicy.org / Sydney School of Public Health,14 November. (Q6062)Full Citation
111.: Australia.2016.‘Firearm Diversion - Historical Diversion Methods.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13167)Full Citation
112.: Australia.2016.‘Contemporary Diversion Methods - Theft.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13166)Full Citation
113.: Australia.2016.‘Contemporary Diversion Methods - Illegal Importation.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13161)Full Citation
114.: Australia.2016.‘Illicit Firearms at the Australian Border.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13183)Full Citation
115.: Australia.2016.‘Contemporary Diversion Methods - Failure to Reconcile Transfers.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13170)Full Citation
116.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘How Firearms Enter the Illicit Market.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11589)Full Citation
117.: ACC.2015.‘Firearm Trafficking.’ Organised Crime in Australia 2015.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,1 May. (Q11621)Full Citation
118.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q2078)Full Citation
119.: Australia.2003.‘Customs and Handguns - Frequently Asked Questions.’ Australian Customs Service; Website.Canberra:Australian Customs Service,11 January. (Q2554)Full Citation
120.: Bricknell, Samantha.2008.‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Conclusion.’ Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,14 October. (Q2555)Full Citation
121.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q2556)Full Citation
122.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Small Arms in the Pacific: Summary.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q2557)Full Citation
123.: ABC News (Australia). 2003. ‘Minister Blames Theft for Gun Crime Rise.’ 29 December. (N198) Full Citation
124.: Paul Toohey. 2002. ‘States Won't Pay Gun Buyback Bill.’ Australian (Sydney). 6 November. (N199) Full Citation
125.: Australia.2016.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12062)Full Citation
126.: Australia.2016.‘End-user Certificate.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12060)Full Citation
127.: Australia.2003.‘National Small Arms Report.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,5 May. (Q3225)Full Citation
128.: Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2018.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.’ The 2018 Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. (Q13505)Full Citation
129.: Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2017.‘Australia.’ Trade Update 2017: Out of the Shadows.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 September. (Q13277)Full Citation
130.: Pavesi, Irene.2016.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2016.’ Trade Update 2016: Transfers and Transparency.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 June. (Q12070)Full Citation
131.: Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q10547)Full Citation
132.: Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2013.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. (Q6871)Full Citation
133.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2012.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q6869)Full Citation
134.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2011.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 July. (Q10549)Full Citation
135.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2010.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2010.’ Small Arms Survey 2010: Gangs, Groups and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 June. (Q10550)Full Citation
136.: Lazarevic, Jasna.2009.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2009.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,9 July. (Q10551)Full Citation
137.: Close, Helen and Chris Stevenson.2008.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2008.’ Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,14 July. (Q10552)Full Citation
138.: Glatz, Anne-Kathrin and Lora Lumpe.2007.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2007.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. (Q10553)Full Citation
139.: Khakee, Anna, Pablo Dreyfus and Anne-Kathrin Glatz.2006.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10554)Full Citation
140.: Khakee, Anna.2005.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2005.’ Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,11 July. (Q10555)Full Citation
141.: Khakee, Anna.2004.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004.’ Small Arms Survey 2004: Rights at Risk.Oxford:Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 July. (Q10556)Full Citation
142.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
143.: Australia.1996.‘Bans on Specific Types of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q982)Full Citation
144.: Australia.2017.‘Opening Statement.’ National Firearms Agreement 2017.Canberra:Council of Australian Governments,1 February. (Q13508)Full Citation
145.: Ellison, Christopher.2002.‘National Firearms Trafficking Policy Agreement.’ National Firearms Trafficking Policy Agreement.Canberra:Parliament of Australia,17 April. (Q13283)Full Citation
146.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘National Handgun Control Agreement (2002).’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q13282)Full Citation
147.: Buchanan, Kelly.2015.‘Relevant Legislation.’ Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy: Australia.Washington DC:Law Library of Congress,30 July. (Q13284)Full Citation
148.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Regulation - Making Power.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2573)Full Citation
149.: New South Wales.1996.‘General Power to Issue Permits.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2497)Full Citation
150.: Tasmania.1996.‘Delegation.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2996)Full Citation
151.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Longarm Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2611)Full Citation
152.: Queensland.1990.‘Regulation-making Power.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2698)Full Citation
153.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Delegation.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q3049)Full Citation
154.: South Australia.1977.‘The Registrar.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2882)Full Citation
155.: Western Australia.1973.‘Delegation of Commissioner's Power to Give Licences, Permits and Approvals.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2744)Full Citation
156.: Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami, FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation
157.: Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg and James Melton. 2013. ‘U.S. Gun Rights Truly Are American Exceptionalism.’ Bloomberg (USA). 7 March. (N422) Full Citation
158.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Principles and Objects of Act.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2512)Full Citation
159.: New South Wales.1996.‘Principles and Objects of Act.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2510)Full Citation
160.: Queensland.1999.‘Carnes v Essenberg and Ors.’ QCA 339 (1999) and appeals.Brisbane:Queensland Court of Appeal,23 August. (Q4058)Full Citation
161.: Australia.1996.‘Basic Licence Requirements - Licence Categories.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2582)Full Citation
162.: Australia.2008.‘Small Arms and Light Weapons UN Report.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1735)Full Citation
163.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2574)Full Citation
164.: New South Wales.1996.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2509)Full Citation
165.: Tasmania.1996.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2997)Full Citation
166.: Victoria.1998.‘Longarm Licences for Category A or B Longarms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2649)Full Citation
167.: Queensland.1990.‘How Object is to be Achieved for Firearms.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2672)Full Citation
168.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2787)Full Citation
169.: South Australia.2008.‘Prescribed Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2906)Full Citation
170.: Western Australia.1974.‘Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2835)Full Citation
171.: Queensland.1990.‘Collector's Licence (Weapons).’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2695)Full Citation
172.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Silencers and Machine-guns.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2785)Full Citation
173.: Western Australia.1974.‘Category D Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2842)Full Citation
174.: Bricknell, Samantha.2008.‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Handgun ownership in Australia.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,14 October. (Q1982)Full Citation
175.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Prohibited Pistols, Sport or Target Shooting.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2623)Full Citation
176.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Category H.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2484)Full Citation
177.: Tasmania.1996.‘Category H Firearms Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2951)Full Citation
178.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Handgun Licences for General Category Handguns.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2616)Full Citation
179.: Queensland.1997.‘Category H Weapon Classes.’ Weapons Categories Regulation 1997 (As in force 19 December 2014).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,14 November. (Q2708)Full Citation
180.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Prescribed Category H Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2822)Full Citation
181.: South Australia.2008.‘Acquisition of Class H Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2920)Full Citation
182.: Western Australia.1974.‘Restrictions for Category H.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2847)Full Citation
183.: Australia.1996.‘Basic Licence Requirements.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q976)Full Citation
184.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2575)Full Citation
185.: New South Wales.1996.‘Offence of Unauthorised Possession or Use of Pistols or Prohibited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2479)Full Citation
186.: Tasmania.1996.‘Possession or Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2943)Full Citation
187.: Queensland.1990.‘Licences.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2677)Full Citation
188.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Possession or Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2782)Full Citation
189.: South Australia.1977.‘Possession and Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2885)Full Citation
190.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licensing Offences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2754)Full Citation
191.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q969)Full Citation
192.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2581)Full Citation
193.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2521)Full Citation
194.: New South Wales.1996.‘Genuine Reasons for Having a Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2489)Full Citation
195.: Tasmania.1996.‘Genuine Reasons.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2960)Full Citation
196.: Victoria.2008.‘Prescribed Purposes for Applying for Longarm and General Category Handgun Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (S.R. No. 22/2008).Melbourne:Department of Justice,8 April. (Q2671)Full Citation
197.: Queensland.1990.‘Genuine Reasons for Possession of a Weapon.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2676)Full Citation
198.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Genuine Reason for Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2764)Full Citation
199.: South Australia.2008.‘Purposes for Which Firearms May be Used.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2908)Full Citation
200.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q970)Full Citation
201.: King, Brooke.2009.‘Firearms Controls in Australia.’ Challenges, Constraints and Opportunities in National PoA Implementation by States of the Pacific.Sydney:Firearms Unit, Australian Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department,22 June. (Q1985)Full Citation
202.: Warner, Kate and Simon Sherwood.2006.‘Firearms Legislation in Australia a Decade After the Nationwide Agreement: Summary and comments.’ National Coalition for Gun Control.Hobart:National Coalition for Gun Control,1 July. (Q973)Full Citation
203.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Children Prohibited from Owning Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2545)Full Citation
204.: New South Wales.1996.‘Minor's Firearms Permits.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2499)Full Citation
205.: Tasmania.1996.‘Application for Minor's Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2971)Full Citation
206.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Junior Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2619)Full Citation
207.: Queensland.1990.‘Limitations on Issue of Licence.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2673)Full Citation
208.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Application for Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2761)Full Citation
209.: South Australia.2008.‘Exemption From Requirement to be Licensed.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2917)Full Citation
210.: Western Australia.1973.‘Minimum Age of Licensee or Permit Holder.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2746)Full Citation
211.: Australia.1996.‘Grounds for Licence Refusal or Cancellation and Seizure of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2584)Full Citation
212.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Assessing Suitability of Individuals - Discretionary Criteria.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2514)Full Citation
213.: New South Wales.1996.‘General Restrictions on Issue of Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2487)Full Citation
214.: Tasmania.1996.‘General Restrictions on Granting Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2955)Full Citation
215.: Victoria.1998.‘Definitions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2608)Full Citation
216.: Queensland.1990.‘Fit and Proper Person - Licensees.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2675)Full Citation
217.: Northern Territory.1997.‘General Restrictions on Grant of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2762)Full Citation
218.: South Australia.1977.‘Interpretation.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2881)Full Citation
219.: Western Australia.1973.‘Exercise of Commissioner's Discretion.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2748)Full Citation
220.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Shooting Clubs, Conditions of Approval.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2664)Full Citation
221.: Victoria.1998.‘Approved Firearms Collectors Clubs - Requirements as to Members and Former Members.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2668)Full Citation
222.: Queensland.1996.‘Category H Weapons - Club Letter Certifying Need for Weapon.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2734)Full Citation
223.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Restriction on Grant of Category H Sports Shooter's Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2763)Full Citation
224.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Mandatory Suspension.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2543)Full Citation
225.: New South Wales.1996.‘Suspension of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2576)Full Citation
226.: Victoria.1998.‘Surrender of Firearms and Licence Document.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2667)Full Citation
227.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Suspension on Making of Interim Domestic Violence Order.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2779)Full Citation
228.: Western Australia.1973.‘Disqualification by Court Imposing Violence Restraining Order.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q3052)Full Citation
229.: Australia.1996.‘Training as a Prerequisite for Licensing.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2585)Full Citation
230.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Refusal.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2518)Full Citation
231.: Tasmania.1996.‘Safety Courses.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2998)Full Citation
232.: Victoria.1998.‘General Discretion of Chief Commissioner to Refuse a Longarm or Handgun Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2618)Full Citation
233.: Queensland.1990.‘Adequate Knowledge of Weapon.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2674)Full Citation
234.: South Australia.2008.‘Training and Examinations.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2913)Full Citation
235.: Western Australia.1973.‘Training Courses.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2747)Full Citation
236.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Adult Licences, Period.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2625)Full Citation
237.: New South Wales.2006.‘Term of Licence.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2587)Full Citation
238.: Tasmania.2006.‘Period of Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3002)Full Citation
239.: Victoria.1998.‘Duration of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2622)Full Citation
240.: Queensland.1990.‘Term of Licence.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2679)Full Citation
241.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Period of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2766)Full Citation
242.: South Australia.1977.‘Term and Renewal of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2894)Full Citation
243.: Western Australia.1973.‘Duration and Renewal of Licences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2745)Full Citation
244.: New South Wales.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2500)Full Citation
245.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Contents of Register.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2563)Full Citation
246.: Queensland.1990.‘Commissioner to Maintain Firearms Register.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2684)Full Citation
247.: Victoria.1998.‘Keeping of Register.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2641)Full Citation
248.: Victoria.1998.‘Certificate of Registration.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2642)Full Citation
249.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Register.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2760)Full Citation
250.: Western Australia.1974.‘Register.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2834)Full Citation
251.: South Australia.1977.‘Registers.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2883)Full Citation
252.: Tasmania.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2976)Full Citation
253.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5380)Full Citation
254.: Australia.1996.‘Permit to Acquire.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2583)Full Citation
255.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Permits to Acquire - Applications.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2560)Full Citation
256.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Category C.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2482)Full Citation
257.: Tasmania.1996.‘Application for Permit to Acquire Firearm.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2968)Full Citation
258.: South Australia.1977.‘Reasons for Refusal of Permit.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q3056)Full Citation
259.: Queensland.1990.‘Limitation on Number of Concealable Firearms Particular Licensees May Acquire.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2699)Full Citation
260.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Firearms Dealer Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2770)Full Citation
261.: Western Australia.1973.‘Genuine Reason Required in All Cases.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2749)Full Citation
262.: Australia.1996.‘Recording of Sales.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q985)Full Citation
263.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Sale of Ammunition by Licensed Firearms Dealers.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2665)Full Citation
264.: New South Wales.1996.‘Supply, Acquisition and Possession of Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2548)Full Citation
265.: Tasmania.2006.‘Amount of Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3001)Full Citation
266.: Victoria.1998.‘Possession of Cartridge Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q3055)Full Citation
267.: Queensland.1996.‘Prohibition on Possession of Particular Magazines - Category H Weapons.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2741)Full Citation
268.: Northern Territory.1997.‘General Conditions of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2765)Full Citation
269.: South Australia.2008.‘Limit on Quantity of Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2922)Full Citation
270.: Australia.1996.‘Effective Nationwide Registration of All Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q995)Full Citation
271.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2562)Full Citation
272.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Inspection of Records.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2568)Full Citation
273.: New South Wales.1996.‘Recording of Transactions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2550)Full Citation
274.: Tasmania.1996.‘Record of Dealings.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2988)Full Citation
275.: Victoria.1998.‘Requirement to Keep Register of Transactions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2640)Full Citation
276.: Queensland.1990.‘Licensed Dealers and Armourers to Keep Register.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2693)Full Citation
277.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Records and Returns to be Kept by Dealers.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2772)Full Citation
278.: South Australia.1977.‘Records.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2893)Full Citation
279.: Western Australia.1973.‘Records.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2756)Full Citation
280.: Australia.2012.‘Record-keeping by Manufacturers.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6496)Full Citation
281.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1739)Full Citation
282.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1738)Full Citation
283.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unlawful Acquisition of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2569)Full Citation
284.: New South Wales.1996.‘Restrictions on Supply of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2546)Full Citation
285.: Tasmania.1996.‘Sale and Possession of Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2990)Full Citation
286.: Victoria.1998.‘Prohibition on Acquisition of Firearm Except from Licensed Firearms Dealer.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2663)Full Citation
287.: Queensland.1990.‘Acquisition of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2680)Full Citation
288.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Sale of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2781)Full Citation
289.: South Australia.1977.‘Obligations of Prescribed Person.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2890)Full Citation
290.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Firearms Dealers to be Licensed.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2567)Full Citation
291.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Firearms Dealer Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2485)Full Citation
292.: Tasmania.1996.‘Dealing in Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2945)Full Citation
293.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Dealers Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2638)Full Citation
294.: Queensland.1990.‘Dealers to be Licensed.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2692)Full Citation
295.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Restrictions on Granting Firearms Dealer Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2809)Full Citation
296.: South Australia.1977.‘Requirement for Dealer's Licence.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2891)Full Citation
297.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2752)Full Citation
298.: New South Wales.1996.‘Permits to Acquire Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2498)Full Citation
299.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Permit to Acquire.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2661)Full Citation
300.: Queensland.1996.‘Firearms Licence - Category C Rifle and Category C Shotgun for Occupational Rural Purpose on Rural Land.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2717)Full Citation
301.: Mouzos, Jenny.1999.‘International Traffic in Small Arms: An Australian Perspective.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q13194)Full Citation
302.: Mouzos, Jenny.1998.‘Small Arms Dealers.’ CSCAP Working Group on Transnational Crime Small Arms Project: An Australian Perspective.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 October. (Q13195)Full Citation
303.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘When Permits to Acquire May be Issued.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2561)Full Citation
304.: Tasmania.1996.‘Granting Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2972)Full Citation
305.: Victoria.1998.‘Offence to Acquire a Firearm Without a Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2660)Full Citation
306.: Queensland.1996.‘Waiting Period for Decision on Application for Permit to Acquire.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2739)Full Citation
307.: South Australia.1977.‘Application for Permit.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2888)Full Citation
308.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licensing Procedure.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2753)Full Citation
309.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Arms Fairs, Permits to Conduct.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2636)Full Citation
310.: New South Wales.2006.‘Arms Fair Permits.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2596)Full Citation
311.: Queensland.1990.‘Approval of Arms Fair.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2696)Full Citation
312.: South Australia.2008.‘Exemption for Certain Exhibitors.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2907)Full Citation
313.: Australia.1996.‘Uniform Standard for the Security and Storage of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q988)Full Citation
314.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Failing to Comply with Storage Requirements.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2564)Full Citation
315.: New South Wales.1996.‘Safe Keeping of Firearms - General Requirement.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2501)Full Citation
316.: Tasmania.1996.‘General Requirements.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2977)Full Citation
317.: Victoria.1998.‘Storage of Firearms Under Longarm and Handgun Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2644)Full Citation
318.: Queensland.1990.‘Secure Storage of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2689)Full Citation
319.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Storage and Safe Keeping Requirements.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2780)Full Citation
320.: South Australia.2008.‘Security of Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2921)Full Citation
321.: Western Australia.1974.‘Storage Security Requirements.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2831)Full Citation
322.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Dealer Licences, Restrictions on Issue.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2629)Full Citation
323.: New South Wales.1996.‘Conditions of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2494)Full Citation
324.: Tasmania.1996.‘Firearms Dealer and Museum Licences Requirement.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2987)Full Citation
325.: Victoria.1998.‘Storage of Firearms Under Dealers Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2645)Full Citation
326.: Queensland.1996.‘Storage Measures for Armourers, Dealers, and Theatrical Ordnance Suppliers - Vaults and Safes.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2731)Full Citation
327.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Security Measures Required by Dealer.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2771)Full Citation
328.: South Australia.2008.‘Possession of Firearms by Dealers.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2923)Full Citation
329.: Western Australia.1973.‘Safe Keeping by Traders.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2757)Full Citation
330.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Transport of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2570)Full Citation
331.: New South Wales.2006.‘Non-commercial Transportation of Prohibited Firearms and Pistols - Prescribed Safety Requirements.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2602)Full Citation
332.: Tasmania.2006.‘Safety Requirements for Conveying Other Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3004)Full Citation
333.: Queensland.1996.‘Firearms to be Kept Unloaded Other Than When Being Used to Shoot.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2735)Full Citation
334.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Transporting Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2821)Full Citation
335.: South Australia.2008.‘Transporting of Firearms - Exclusion from Section 35A of Act.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2927)Full Citation
336.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘Firearms Tracing.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11590)Full Citation
337.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Analysis of the Australian Crime Commission's National Firearm Trace Database.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8897)Full Citation
338.: Australia.2016.‘Tracing.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12058)Full Citation
339.: Australia.2016.‘Australian Firearms Information Network.’ CrimTrac Annual Report 2015–2016.Canberra:CrimTrac,27 September. (Q13158)Full Citation
340.: Australia.2016.‘Analysis of Firearms Trace Data.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13162)Full Citation
341.: Australia.2016.‘The Australian Ballistics Information Network (ABIN).’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13171)Full Citation
342.: Australia.2017.‘Australian Ballistic Information Network.’ Our Services.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,31 May. (Q13278)Full Citation
343.: Australia.2014.‘Australian Ballistics Information Network.’ Attorney-General's Department Annual Report 2013-14.Canberra:Attorney-General's Department,20 August. (Q13279)Full Citation
344.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Carriage or Use of Firearm - Improper Manner.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2666)Full Citation
345.: Queensland.1990.‘Particular Conduct Involving a Weapon in a Public Place Prohibited.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2688)Full Citation
346.: Victoria.1998.‘Offences About the Carriage and the Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2646)Full Citation
347.: Tasmania.1996.‘Possession of Loaded Firearm in Public Place.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2992)Full Citation
348.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Carrying Firearms in Public Places.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2786)Full Citation
349.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
350.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unauthorised Possession or Use of Prohibited Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2516)Full Citation
351.: Victoria.1998.‘Offence for Non-Prohibited Person to Possess, Carry or Use a Longarm Without a Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2609)Full Citation
352.: Queensland.1990.‘Possession of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2686)Full Citation
353.: Davies, Megan and Jenny Mouzos.2008.‘Court Outcomes for Firearm Offences in Australia.’ AIC Reports: Technical and Background Paper 31.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,3 December. (Q1983)Full Citation
354.: Alpers, Philip.2013.‘The Big Melt: How One Democracy Changed after Scrapping a Third of Its Firearms - Destruction of Firearms.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6568)Full Citation
355.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Restricted Firearms.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8900)Full Citation
356.: Australia.2017.‘Outcomes - Total Number of Firearms by Category.’ National Firearms Amnesty Report 2017.Canberra:Australian Government,1 December. (Q13280)Full Citation
357.: Australia.2016.‘Collection.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12064)Full Citation
358.: Australia.2014.‘Collection.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11755)Full Citation
359.: Australia.2012.‘Collection.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q11754)Full Citation
360.: Australia.2012.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,28 March. (Q11756)Full Citation
361.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘General Firearm Characteristics.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11767)Full Citation
362.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Firearm type seized from SOCG and non-SOCG.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11766)Full Citation
363.: Thomas Chamberlin. 2012. ‘Illegal Firearms a Booming Trade Through International Mail Order Services.’ Courier-Mail (Brisbane). 27 May. (N526) Full Citation
364.: Ellison, Senator Chris; Hudson, Phillip.2004.‘Victoria Leads Way in Gun Buyback.’ The Age.Melbourne, VIC:8 August. (Q11740)Full Citation
365.: Nick Butterly. 2004. ‘Gun Owners Cache In Big.’ Courier-Mail (Brisbane). 9 November. (N534) Full Citation
366.: Alpers, Philip and Amélie Rossetti.2016.‘Australian Firearm Amnesty, Buyback and Destruction Totals.’ Official tallies and media-reported numbers, 1987-2015.Sydney:GunPolicy.org, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney,3 May. (Q11781)Full Citation
367.: Reuter, Peter and Jenny Mouzos, in: Cook, Philip and Jens Ludwig (Eds).2002.‘Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns.’ In: Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press,1 December. (Q3050)Full Citation
368.: Australia.2017.‘Outcomes - Total Number of Firearms by Reason.’ National Firearms Amnesty Report 2017.Canberra:Australian Government,1 December. (Q13281)Full Citation
369.: Australia.2016.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12063)Full Citation
370.: Australia.2008.‘Destruction of Surplus Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1719)Full Citation
371.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2572)Full Citation
372.: New South Wales.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2508)Full Citation
373.: Tasmania.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2995)Full Citation
374.: Victoria.1998.‘Disposal of Forfeited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2647)Full Citation
375.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Storage of Certain Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2825)Full Citation
376.: South Australia.1977.‘Disposal of Forfeited or Surrendered Firearms, etc..’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2901)Full Citation
377.: Western Australia.1973.‘Disposal of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2829)Full Citation
378.: SPCPC/OCO.2000.‘Towards a Common Approach to Weapons Control: The 'Nadi Framework'.’ South Pacific Chiefs of Police Conference (SPCPC) and Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO).Nadi, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat,10 March. (Q576)Full Citation
379.: Baker, Jean.2000.‘Weapons Control Bill: Explanatory Notes.’ Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat.Suva, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,10 March. (Q577)Full Citation
380.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
381.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
382.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
383.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
384.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
385.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
386.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
387.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
388.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
389.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
390.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
391.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Regional Activities.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1629)Full Citation
392.: Australia.2016.‘Assistance Provided.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12065)Full Citation
393.: Australia.2012.‘Assistance Provided.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6502)Full Citation
394.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Papua New Guinea.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1623)Full Citation
395.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Samoa.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1624)Full Citation
396.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Solomon Islands.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1625)Full Citation
397.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Nauru.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1626)Full Citation
398.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Nepal.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1627)Full Citation
399.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Africa.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1628)Full Citation
400.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
401.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
402.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

Search, View and Navigation

Find Gun Policy Facts

Go To ..

Australia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Firearms

CompareRate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Handguns

CompareNumber of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

CompareRate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

CompareProportion of Households with Firearms

CompareProportion of Households with Rifles

CompareProportion of Households with Shotguns

CompareProportion of Households with Handguns

CompareNumber of Licensed Firearm Owners

CompareRate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

CompareNumber of Registered Firearms

CompareRate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

CompareEstimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

CompareEstimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

CompareNumber of Military Firearms

CompareRoutine Arming of Police

CompareNumber of Law Enforcement Firearms

CompareRate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

CompareTotal Number of Male Gun Deaths

CompareTotal Number of Female Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareMale Homicide Victims (any method)

CompareFemale Homicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareProportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

CompareMale Gun Homicide Victims

CompareFemale Gun Homicide Victims

CompareRate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

CompareMale Suicide Victims (any method)

CompareFemale Suicide Victims (any method)

CompareRate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareMale Gun Suicide Victims

CompareFemale Gun Suicide Victims

CompareRate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareUnintentional Male Gun Deaths

CompareUnintentional Female Gun Deaths

CompareRate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

CompareMale Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

CompareFemale Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

CompareRate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

CompareRate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

CompareFirearm Exports (Number)

CompareSmall Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

CompareSmall Arms Exports - World Ranking

CompareFirearm Imports (Number)

CompareSmall Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

CompareRegulation of Automatic Weapons

CompareRegulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

CompareRegulation of Handguns

CompareLaw Regulates Long Guns

CompareGenuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

CompareMinimum Age for Firearm Possession

CompareGun Owner Background Checks

CompareReference Required for Firearm Licence

CompareDomestic Violence and Firearms

CompareFirearm Safety Training

CompareGun Owner Licensing Period

CompareLicensing Records

CompareLimit on Number of Guns

CompareLimit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

CompareCivilian Gun Registration

CompareGun Dealer Record Keeping

CompareGun Manufacturer Record Keeping

CompareState-Owned Firearm Records

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Handguns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

Compare
Proportion of Households with Firearms

Compare
Proportion of Households with Rifles

Compare
Proportion of Households with Shotguns

Compare
Proportion of Households with Handguns

Compare
Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

Compare
Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

Compare
Number of Registered Firearms

Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

Compare
Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms

Compare
Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

Compare
Routine Arming of Police

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Compare
Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

Compare
Total Number of Male Gun Deaths

Compare
Total Number of Female Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

Compare
Male Gun Homicide Victims

Compare
Female Gun Homicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Female Gun Suicide Victims

Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Unintentional Male Gun Deaths

Compare
Unintentional Female Gun Deaths

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)

Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

Compare
Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)

Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

Compare
Regulation of Automatic Weapons

Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

Compare
Regulation of Handguns

Compare
Law Regulates Long Guns

Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

Compare
Gun Owner Background Checks

Compare
Reference Required for Firearm Licence

Compare
Domestic Violence and Firearms

Compare
Firearm Safety Training

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing Period

Compare
Licensing Records

Compare
Limit on Number of Guns

Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Compare
Civilian Gun Registration

Compare
Gun Dealer Record Keeping

Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

Compare
State-Owned Firearm Records

Compare
Regulation of Private Gun Sales

Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

Compare
Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

Compare
Background Checks for Dealer Gun Sales