Regions Oceania Australia & New Zealand Australia

Gun Facts Full Article

Australia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

Federal firearm regulation is limited: each state has its own gun law.
For state and territory comparisons, choose from the 'Go To' menu.

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Australia is 

3,573,0001
3,150,0002 3 4
3,010,0005 4
2,960,0006 5 4
2,943,3637 4 8
2,750,000
2,918,454
3,050,0009
2,500,00010
3,200,000
3,500,00011
2,055,00012
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Australia is 

14.501
13.7013
13.67
13.60
13.6813 14 8
13.25
14.24
15.09
13.5813
17.59
21.34
14.92
Compare
Number of Privately Owned HandgunsChartIn Australia, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

120,79015
172,42216
192,00017
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Australia ranked at No. 2518
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Australia ranked at No. 429
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

6.2%19
8.7%19
8%20
16.0%19
15.1%21
20.1%19 22
25%23
20%11
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Proportion of Households with RiflesIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

12.5%21
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Proportion of Households with ShotgunsIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

6.9%21
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

0.3%19
1.1%
1.6%19 21
1.6%19
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Australia is reported to be 

816,0002
730,0005 24
734,0002
873,62525
731,56717
478,32626 27
764,51828 29 17 27
1,200,00030
2,381,00022
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Australia is 

3.5513
3.32
3.37
4.06
3.53
2.36
3.96
6.52
14.27 
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Australia is reported to be 

3,158,7951
2,890,0002 31
2,750,0005 24
2,700,0006 2 32 33
2,675,78525
2,500,00017
2,653,14026 27
2,165,17028 29 17 27
2,500,00030 10
3,200,00027
4,000,00022
1,354,700 34
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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Australia is 

12.5713 2
12.49
12.402
12.44
12.05
12.95
11.22
13.58
17.59
23.98
9.84
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Estimated Number of Illicit FirearmsChartUnlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Australia there are estimated to be 

414,2051
260,0003
260,0005
260,0005 35
267,5797 36 8
250,000
265,314
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Estimated Rate of Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationChartUnlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Australia the rate of illicit firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

1.1313
1.18
1.19
1.24
1.20
1.29
Government Guns
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Australia are reported to have 214,52037 firearms
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Routine Arming of PoliceIn Australia, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms38
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Australia are reported to have 69,00039 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

23840
218
239
210
231
190
241
230
235
237
245
221
243
28940 41
292
326
32441
347
312
428
516
470
516
513
608
618
595
549
674
694
677
682
675
644
689
618
687
685 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

1.0442
0.96
1.06
0.94
1.05
0.87
1.12
1.08
1.12
1.14
1.20
1.09
1.22
1.46
1.49
1.69
1.70
1.84
1.68
2.32
2.84
2.61
2.90
2.91
3.49
3.59
3.51
3.29
4.11
4.30
4.26
4.35
4.35
4.20
4.54
4.14
4.70
3.29
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

21043
193
209
174
210
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

2043
15
17
14
21
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual homicides by any means total 

24444
265
235
227
28544 45 46
24344 47 45 46 48 49
25844 47 50 51 46 48
272
25144 47 50 51 46 48
216
256
199
164
27847 50 51 46 48
291
30050 51 46 48
34051 46 48
34151 48
312
319
358
342
34251
360
331
351
331 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.0652
1.16
1.04
1.02
1.2952 46
1.1252 46 48 49
1.2052 46 48
1.28
1.19
1.04
1.25
0.98
0.82
1.41
1.49
1.55
1.78
1.8152 48
1.68
1.73
1.97
1.90
1.9252
2.04
1.90
2.04
1.95
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual male homicides by any means total 

15153
14743
145
198
152
157
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual female homicides by any means total 

8553
8843
82
87
91
87
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual firearm homicides total 

4244
27
31
35
4244 54 46
42
3944 47 50 55 46
3744 47 50 56 46 48
2744 47 50 46 48
2644 47 50 46 48 57
4144 47 50 46 48
1944 47 50 46 48 58
1744 47 50 48
5447 50 59 41 48
4547 50 59 41 48
4750 59 41 48
5759 41 48
50
57
79
104
67
7659 41
64
96
84
79
80
123 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1852
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.15
0.18
0.1752 48
0.13
0.13
0.20
0.09
0.09
0.2752 59 48
0.23
0.24
0.3059 48
0.26
0.30
0.43
0.57
0.37
0.4359
0.36
0.55
0.49
0.46
0.48
0.74
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Australia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

16%60 46
12%60 46 49
12%60 46
13%60 46
12%
9%
14%
15%
17%60
15%
14%
21%60 46
20%60 48
18%
21%
22%
22%
25%
19%60
25%
20%
21%
25%
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Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual male firearm homicides total 

2343
23
28
34
26
28
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual female firearm homicides total 

843
8
7
8
6
7
Compare
Handgun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual handgun homicides total 

544
1
4
3
4
644 47
644 47 50
9
7
1
14
444
2
647 50
12
1350 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0252
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.07
Compare
Long Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual long gun homicides total 

2144
13
19
11
14
1744 47
2244 47 50
18
11
14
15
10
5
2447 50
20
1050 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0952
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.12
0.10
0.05
Compare
Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual gun homicides (other) total 

1644
13
8
21
24
944 47
1144 47 50
1044 47 50
9
11
12
5
10
2447 50
13
2450 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0752
0.06
0.04
0.09
0.11
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.05
0.12
0.07
0.12
Compare
Suicides (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual suicides by any means total 

2,86261
3,027
2,861
2,568
2,580
2,39261 62
2,47861 62 63
2,335
2,340
2,227
2,118
2,101
2,098
2,21362 63 59
2,320
2,45463 59
2,36359
2,492
2,683
2,720
2,393
2,368
2,258
2,081
2,294
2,360
2,161
2,096
2,197 
Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

12.4552
13.30
12.71
11.54
11.72
10.99
11.52
10.98
11.14
10.73
10.34
10.38
10.49
11.2052 59
11.88
12.72
12.3459
13.17
14.34
14.69
13.07
13.10
12.65
11.78
13.11
13.65
12.66
12.47
13.29
Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual male suicides by any means total 

2,15743
1,919
1,930
1,811
1,865
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual female suicides by any means total 

70443
649
650
581
553
Compare
Gun SuicidesChartIn Australia, annual firearm suicides total 

18361
177
178
166
177
14461 62
17161 62 63
174
183
190
181
147
167
19362 63 59 41
217
26163 59 41
22259 41
269
235
329
382
388
420
431
488
505
486
450
521 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.8052
0.78
0.79
0.76
0.80
0.66
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.92
0.88
0.73
0.84
0.9852 59
1.11
1.35
1.1659
1.42
1.26
1.78
2.09
2.15
2.35
2.44
2.79
2.92
2.85
2.68
3.15
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual male firearm suicides total 

17243
158
169
137
154
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual female firearm suicides total 

643
8
8
7
12
Compare
Handgun SuicidesChartIn Australia, annual handgun suicides total 

1861
17
17
23
12
1761 62
1861 62 63
17
25
15
15
14
13
2562 63
24
3463 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0852
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.13
0.12
0.18
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesChartIn Australia, the number of long gun suicides is 

15761
137
128
131
135
11661 62
14161 62 63
139
140
146
150
127
99
13362 63
165
17363 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.6852
0.60
0.57
0.59
0.61
0.53
0.66
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.73
0.63
0.50
0.67
0.84
0.90
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual gun suicides (other) total 

861
23
33
12
30
1161 62
1261 62 63
18
18
29
16
6
55
3562 63
28
5463 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0352
0.10
0.15
0.05
0.14
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.14
0.08
0.03
0.28
0.18
0.14
0.28
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

564
3
3
3
3
764 65
1164 65 66
7
5
4
8
50
54
4065 66 59 41
30
18
4559 41
28
22
19
30
15
20
18
24
29
30
19
30 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0252
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.25
0.27
0.2052 59
0.15
0.09
0.2359
0.15
0.12
0.10
0.16
0.08
0.11
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.18
0.11
0.18
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

243
3
3
7
11
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

143
0
0
0
0
Compare
Unintentional Handgun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

064
0
0
1
0
064 65
164 65 66
0
1
0
1
064
2
365 66 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

564
3
3
1
3
764 65
964 65 66
5
3
3
6
3
8
1165 66
10
666 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0252
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.03
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

064
0
0
1
0
064 65
164 65 66
2
1
1
1
47
44
2665 66
20
1266 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.22
0.13
0.10
0.06
Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

267
4
18
4
4
567 68
1167 68 69
8
16
11
12
467
3
259
0
270
859
3
5
3
6
6
7
5
15
13
17 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0152
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.0159
0.00
0.0170
0.0459
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.09
0.08
0.10
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

1343
4
3
4
17
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

543
0
1
1
2
Compare
Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

167
0
1
0
0
067 68
267 68 69
0
1
0
1
267
0 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

067
2
7
1
0
467 68
267 68 69
1
4
3
2
267
2 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

167
2
10
3
4
167 68
767 68 69
7
11
8
9
067
1 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0052
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.01
Compare
Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

671
7
9
2
5
2
971 72
4
4
6
3
1
2
1072
4
573
474
775
776 
Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0352
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Australia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence77 78 
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Australia was ranked 'small'79
Compare
Home-made GunsIn Australia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low80 81 82 83 

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Australia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law84 85 86
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Australia is reported by manufacturers to be 

5,86287
4
50
48
60
4,54088
6587
35
11
1,160
8
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Australia is reported by Customs to be US$

69,330,16389
87,543,642
38,488,325
76,893,241
28,498,30689 90
11,077,63091
12,000,00092
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Australia was categorized as 'major'93 94 95
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn Australia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law84 96 85 86
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Australia is reported to be 

5,82487
6,440
104,32397 98 99 100 101 87
98,351
88,185
90,006
72,586
73,701
57,522
58,111
47,820
39,389
38,78697 98 99 100 101
36,980
40,939
28,016
30,666
33,152
18,405
34,837
89,760
44,802
48,75199
32,928
35,881
45,305
71,675
57,222
51,502
104,149102
108,854
194,764
191,359
166,364
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Australia is reported by Customs to be US$

117,036,08989
115,669,478
164,400,240
124,383,473
122,098,69989 103 104 105 106
104,812,08091 107 108
132,000,000109
62,000,000103
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Australia is low110 80 111 112 81 113 114 115 100 83 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Australia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law125
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Australia include126 127 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Australia scored 

12.50128
12.00129
12.25130
11.25131
10.25132
10.00133
10.25134
10.25135
10.25136
11.25137
11.25138
10.00139
11.25140
11.25141 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Australia is categorised as restrictive142
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Australia includes the National Firearms Agreement (NFA) of 1996143 and 2017,144 the National Firearms Trafficking Policy Agreement (NFTPA) 2002,145 the National Handgun Agreement (NHA) 2002,146 and the Firearms Acts and Regulations of each State and Territory147 
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Australia are regulated by the local State and Territory authorities148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn Australia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law156 157 158 159 160
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Australia, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic and semi-automatic firearms, self-loading and pump action shotguns, handguns with a calibre in excess of .38in with only narrow exemptions, semi-automatic handguns with a barrel length less than 120mm, and revolvers with a barrel length less than 100mm143 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Australia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with only narrow exceptions for permanently inoperable collector's, display, or museum guns143 161 163 164 165 166 171 172 169 170 49
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Australia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons and their lookalikes is prohibited in all but exceptional circumstances161 163 164 165 166 167 168 173
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Regulation of HandgunsIn Australia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is only permitted subject to stringent conditions161 174 162 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 49
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn Australia,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law161 163 164 165 166 167 168 173 49
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Australia, only licensed gun owners183 184 185 186 151 187 188 189 190 49 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Australia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example gun club membership, hunting, target shooting, firearm collection, pest control, and narrow occupational uses.191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199
In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason200 201 202
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Australia is 18 years, or as young as 11 years while under the immediate supervision of an appropriately licensed adult183 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Australia must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, physical, addiction, domestic violence, residential and other211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 49 records
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Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Australia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required for some licence categories in some jurisdictions220 221 222 223
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Australia stipulates211 224 225 214 226 216 227 218 228 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn Australia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required229 230 231 232 233 217 234 235 for a firearm licence
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Australia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one to five years depending on the licence category183 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243
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Licensing RecordsIn Australia, authorities maintain a record244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Australia are permitted to possess only the number and type of firearms specified on their licence or acquisition permit192 254 255 256 257 151 258 259 260 258 261
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Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Australia are permitted to possess ammunition only for those firearms for which the purchaser is licensed, with a limit on the quantity of ammunition that may be purchased in a given period262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 261
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Australia, the law requires270 271 244 252 247 246 249 251 250 253 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Australia, licensed firearm dealers are required272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 253 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
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Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Australia, licensed gun makers are required280 253 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
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State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Australia, State agencies are required281 282 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Australia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted and registered by a licensed firearm dealer, or in remote locations by police262 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Australia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful262 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297
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Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Australia is obliged262 211 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Australia is obliged262 211 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn Australia, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per acquisition permit, in accordance with the particular firearm licence category254 255 298 257 299 258 300 260 258 261
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Number of Licensed Gun DealersChartThe number of licensed firearm dealers in Australia is reported to be 

1999: 1,581301
1998: 1,223302
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Australia, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is 28 days for a first sale or transfer, with exemptions in some states and territories for subsequent acquisition of the same type of firearm for which the owner already holds a licence254 303 298 304 305 306 217 307 308
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Australia, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events in some jurisdictions, are regulated309 310 311 312 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Australia include313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Australia include322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Australia include282 281 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Australia include330 331 332 333 334 335 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn Australia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law78
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Firearm TracingIn Australia, state authorities carry out336 337 338 339 340 341  recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
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Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Australia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not342 343 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Australia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.200 201 344 345 346 347 348 202 49
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Australia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.200 201 344 345 346 347 348 202 49
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Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Australia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm349 is 20 years in prison, depending on the jurisdiction and category of firearm350 185 186 351 352 188 189 190 353
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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction ProgrammesAuthorities in Australia are known to have354 355 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
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Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Australia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2017: 57,324356
2015: 3,000357
2014: 3,000358
2012: 3,485359 360 361 362
2011: 5,922360 361 362
2010: 5,798360 361
2008/11: 4,000363 361
2006: 5,15717 361
2004: 68,727364 365
1987/2015: 1,121,577366 354 355 367
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Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Australia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

2017: 20,174368
2015: 17,081369
2012: 3,485360
2011: 3,857
2010: 3,109
1987/2015: 1,121,577366 354 355 367
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Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Australia, it is not state policy370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Pacific Islands ForumAs a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, Australia adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arms-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum378 379
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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006380 by Australia.
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Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified381 by Australia
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United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed, but not yet ratified382 by Australia
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Australia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects383
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UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Australia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 22384 385 386 387 among 159 Member States
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UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Australia has submitted one or more national reports388 389 on its implementation of the UNPoA
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UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Australia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated390 389
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UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Australia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated390 389
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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Australia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent390 389 391
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 by Australia to other UN Member States
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United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Australia has declared400 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Australia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945401
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists402 Australia as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry ProfileLink
Conflict ProfileFor a profile of conflict in Australia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Australia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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224.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Mandatory Suspension.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2543)Full Citation
225.: New South Wales.1996.‘Suspension of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2576)Full Citation
226.: Victoria.1998.‘Surrender of Firearms and Licence Document.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2667)Full Citation
227.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Suspension on Making of Interim Domestic Violence Order.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2779)Full Citation
228.: Western Australia.1973.‘Disqualification by Court Imposing Violence Restraining Order.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q3052)Full Citation
229.: Australia.1996.‘Training as a Prerequisite for Licensing.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2585)Full Citation
230.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Refusal.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2518)Full Citation
231.: Tasmania.1996.‘Safety Courses.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2998)Full Citation
232.: Victoria.1998.‘General Discretion of Chief Commissioner to Refuse a Longarm or Handgun Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2618)Full Citation
233.: Queensland.1990.‘Adequate Knowledge of Weapon.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2674)Full Citation
234.: South Australia.2008.‘Training and Examinations.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2913)Full Citation
235.: Western Australia.1973.‘Training Courses.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2747)Full Citation
236.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Adult Licences, Period.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2625)Full Citation
237.: New South Wales.2006.‘Term of Licence.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2587)Full Citation
238.: Tasmania.2006.‘Period of Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3002)Full Citation
239.: Victoria.1998.‘Duration of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2622)Full Citation
240.: Queensland.1990.‘Term of Licence.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2679)Full Citation
241.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Period of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2766)Full Citation
242.: South Australia.1977.‘Term and Renewal of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2894)Full Citation
243.: Western Australia.1973.‘Duration and Renewal of Licences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2745)Full Citation
244.: New South Wales.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2500)Full Citation
245.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Contents of Register.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2563)Full Citation
246.: Queensland.1990.‘Commissioner to Maintain Firearms Register.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2684)Full Citation
247.: Victoria.1998.‘Keeping of Register.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2641)Full Citation
248.: Victoria.1998.‘Certificate of Registration.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2642)Full Citation
249.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Register.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2760)Full Citation
250.: Western Australia.1974.‘Register.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2834)Full Citation
251.: South Australia.1977.‘Registers.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2883)Full Citation
252.: Tasmania.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2976)Full Citation
253.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5380)Full Citation
254.: Australia.1996.‘Permit to Acquire.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2583)Full Citation
255.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Permits to Acquire - Applications.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2560)Full Citation
256.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Category C.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2482)Full Citation
257.: Tasmania.1996.‘Application for Permit to Acquire Firearm.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2968)Full Citation
258.: South Australia.1977.‘Reasons for Refusal of Permit.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q3056)Full Citation
259.: Queensland.1990.‘Limitation on Number of Concealable Firearms Particular Licensees May Acquire.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2699)Full Citation
260.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Firearms Dealer Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2770)Full Citation
261.: Western Australia.1973.‘Genuine Reason Required in All Cases.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2749)Full Citation
262.: Australia.1996.‘Recording of Sales.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q985)Full Citation
263.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Sale of Ammunition by Licensed Firearms Dealers.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2665)Full Citation
264.: New South Wales.1996.‘Supply, Acquisition and Possession of Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2548)Full Citation
265.: Tasmania.2006.‘Amount of Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3001)Full Citation
266.: Victoria.1998.‘Possession of Cartridge Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q3055)Full Citation
267.: Queensland.1996.‘Prohibition on Possession of Particular Magazines - Category H Weapons.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2741)Full Citation
268.: Northern Territory.1997.‘General Conditions of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2765)Full Citation
269.: South Australia.2008.‘Limit on Quantity of Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2922)Full Citation
270.: Australia.1996.‘Effective Nationwide Registration of All Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q995)Full Citation
271.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2562)Full Citation
272.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Inspection of Records.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2568)Full Citation
273.: New South Wales.1996.‘Recording of Transactions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2550)Full Citation
274.: Tasmania.1996.‘Record of Dealings.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2988)Full Citation
275.: Victoria.1998.‘Requirement to Keep Register of Transactions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2640)Full Citation
276.: Queensland.1990.‘Licensed Dealers and Armourers to Keep Register.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2693)Full Citation
277.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Records and Returns to be Kept by Dealers.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2772)Full Citation
278.: South Australia.1977.‘Records.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2893)Full Citation
279.: Western Australia.1973.‘Records.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2756)Full Citation
280.: Australia.2012.‘Record-keeping by Manufacturers.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6496)Full Citation
281.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1739)Full Citation
282.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1738)Full Citation
283.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unlawful Acquisition of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2569)Full Citation
284.: New South Wales.1996.‘Restrictions on Supply of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2546)Full Citation
285.: Tasmania.1996.‘Sale and Possession of Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2990)Full Citation
286.: Victoria.1998.‘Prohibition on Acquisition of Firearm Except from Licensed Firearms Dealer.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2663)Full Citation
287.: Queensland.1990.‘Acquisition of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2680)Full Citation
288.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Sale of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2781)Full Citation
289.: South Australia.1977.‘Obligations of Prescribed Person.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2890)Full Citation
290.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Firearms Dealers to be Licensed.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2567)Full Citation
291.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Firearms Dealer Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2485)Full Citation
292.: Tasmania.1996.‘Dealing in Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2945)Full Citation
293.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Dealers Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2638)Full Citation
294.: Queensland.1990.‘Dealers to be Licensed.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2692)Full Citation
295.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Restrictions on Granting Firearms Dealer Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2809)Full Citation
296.: South Australia.1977.‘Requirement for Dealer's Licence.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2891)Full Citation
297.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2752)Full Citation
298.: New South Wales.1996.‘Permits to Acquire Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2498)Full Citation
299.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Permit to Acquire.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2661)Full Citation
300.: Queensland.1996.‘Firearms Licence - Category C Rifle and Category C Shotgun for Occupational Rural Purpose on Rural Land.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2717)Full Citation
301.: Mouzos, Jenny.1999.‘International Traffic in Small Arms: An Australian Perspective.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q13194)Full Citation
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303.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘When Permits to Acquire May be Issued.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2561)Full Citation
304.: Tasmania.1996.‘Granting Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2972)Full Citation
305.: Victoria.1998.‘Offence to Acquire a Firearm Without a Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2660)Full Citation
306.: Queensland.1996.‘Waiting Period for Decision on Application for Permit to Acquire.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2739)Full Citation
307.: South Australia.1977.‘Application for Permit.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2888)Full Citation
308.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licensing Procedure.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2753)Full Citation
309.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Arms Fairs, Permits to Conduct.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2636)Full Citation
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311.: Queensland.1990.‘Approval of Arms Fair.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2696)Full Citation
312.: South Australia.2008.‘Exemption for Certain Exhibitors.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2907)Full Citation
313.: Australia.1996.‘Uniform Standard for the Security and Storage of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q988)Full Citation
314.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Failing to Comply with Storage Requirements.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2564)Full Citation
315.: New South Wales.1996.‘Safe Keeping of Firearms - General Requirement.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2501)Full Citation
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317.: Victoria.1998.‘Storage of Firearms Under Longarm and Handgun Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2644)Full Citation
318.: Queensland.1990.‘Secure Storage of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2689)Full Citation
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322.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Dealer Licences, Restrictions on Issue.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2629)Full Citation
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326.: Queensland.1996.‘Storage Measures for Armourers, Dealers, and Theatrical Ordnance Suppliers - Vaults and Safes.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2731)Full Citation
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330.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Transport of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2570)Full Citation
331.: New South Wales.2006.‘Non-commercial Transportation of Prohibited Firearms and Pistols - Prescribed Safety Requirements.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2602)Full Citation
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333.: Queensland.1996.‘Firearms to be Kept Unloaded Other Than When Being Used to Shoot.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2735)Full Citation
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345.: Queensland.1990.‘Particular Conduct Involving a Weapon in a Public Place Prohibited.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2688)Full Citation
346.: Victoria.1998.‘Offences About the Carriage and the Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2646)Full Citation
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351.: Victoria.1998.‘Offence for Non-Prohibited Person to Possess, Carry or Use a Longarm Without a Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2609)Full Citation
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353.: Davies, Megan and Jenny Mouzos.2008.‘Court Outcomes for Firearm Offences in Australia.’ AIC Reports: Technical and Background Paper 31.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,3 December. (Q1983)Full Citation
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360.: Australia.2012.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,28 March. (Q11756)Full Citation
361.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘General Firearm Characteristics.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11767)Full Citation
362.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Firearm type seized from SOCG and non-SOCG.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11766)Full Citation
363.: Thomas Chamberlin. 2012. ‘Illegal Firearms a Booming Trade Through International Mail Order Services.’ Courier-Mail (Brisbane). 27 May. (N526) Full Citation
364.: Ellison, Senator Chris; Hudson, Phillip.2004.‘Victoria Leads Way in Gun Buyback.’ The Age.Melbourne, VIC:8 August. (Q11740)Full Citation
365.: Nick Butterly. 2004. ‘Gun Owners Cache In Big.’ Courier-Mail (Brisbane). 9 November. (N534) Full Citation
366.: Alpers, Philip and Amélie Rossetti.2016.‘Australian Firearm Amnesty, Buyback and Destruction Totals.’ Official tallies and media-reported numbers, 1987-2015.Sydney:GunPolicy.org, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney,3 May. (Q11781)Full Citation
367.: Reuter, Peter and Jenny Mouzos, in: Cook, Philip and Jens Ludwig (Eds).2002.‘Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns.’ In: Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press,1 December. (Q3050)Full Citation
368.: Australia.2017.‘Outcomes - Total Number of Firearms by Reason.’ National Firearms Amnesty Report 2017.Canberra:Australian Government,1 December. (Q13281)Full Citation
369.: Australia.2016.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12063)Full Citation
370.: Australia.2008.‘Destruction of Surplus Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1719)Full Citation
371.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2572)Full Citation
372.: New South Wales.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2508)Full Citation
373.: Tasmania.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2995)Full Citation
374.: Victoria.1998.‘Disposal of Forfeited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2647)Full Citation
375.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Storage of Certain Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2825)Full Citation
376.: South Australia.1977.‘Disposal of Forfeited or Surrendered Firearms, etc..’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2901)Full Citation
377.: Western Australia.1973.‘Disposal of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2829)Full Citation
378.: SPCPC/OCO.2000.‘Towards a Common Approach to Weapons Control: The 'Nadi Framework'.’ South Pacific Chiefs of Police Conference (SPCPC) and Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO).Nadi, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat,10 March. (Q576)Full Citation
379.: Baker, Jean.2000.‘Weapons Control Bill: Explanatory Notes.’ Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat.Suva, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,10 March. (Q577)Full Citation
380.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
381.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
382.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
383.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
384.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
385.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
386.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
387.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
388.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
389.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
390.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
391.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Regional Activities.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1629)Full Citation
392.: Australia.2016.‘Assistance Provided.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12065)Full Citation
393.: Australia.2012.‘Assistance Provided.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6502)Full Citation
394.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Papua New Guinea.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1623)Full Citation
395.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Samoa.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1624)Full Citation
396.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Solomon Islands.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1625)Full Citation
397.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Nauru.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1626)Full Citation
398.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Nepal.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1627)Full Citation
399.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Africa.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1628)Full Citation
400.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
401.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
402.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation

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