Regions Oceania Australia & New Zealand Australia

Gun Facts Full Article

Australia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

Federal firearm regulation is limited: each state has its own gun law.
For state and territory comparisons, choose from the 'Go To' menu.

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StockpilesGun Numbers
Civilian Guns
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Number of Privately Owned FirearmsChartThe estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Australia is 

3,150,0001 2 3 4
3,010,0005 4
2,960,0006 5 4
2,943,3637 4 8
2,750,000
2,918,454
3,050,0009
2,500,00010
3,200,000
3,500,00011
2,055,00012
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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 PopulationChartThe estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Australia is 

13.7013 3
13.67
13.60
13.6813 14 8
13.25
14.24
15.09
13.5813
17.59
21.34
14.92
Compare
Number of Privately Owned HandgunsChartIn Australia, the number of handguns in civilian possession is reported to be 

120,79015
172,42216
192,00017
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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Australia ranked at No. 2518
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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World RankingIn a 2007 comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Australia ranked at No. 429
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Proportion of Households with FirearmsChartIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be 

6.2%19
8.7%19
8%20
16.0%19
15.1%21
20.1%19 22
25%23
20%11
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Proportion of Households with RiflesIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more rifles is reported to be 

12.5%21
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Proportion of Households with ShotgunsIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more shotguns is reported to be 

6.9%21
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Proportion of Households with HandgunsChartIn Australia, the percentage of households with one or more handguns is reported to be 

0.3%19
1.1%
1.6%19 21
1.6%19
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Number of Licensed Firearm OwnersChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Australia is reported to be 

816,0001
730,0005 24
734,0001
873,62525
731,56717
478,32626 27
764,51828 29 17 27
1,200,00030
2,381,00022
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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Australia is 

3.5513
3.32
3.37
4.06
3.53
2.36
3.96
6.52
14.27 
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Number of Registered FirearmsChartThe number of registered guns in Australia is reported to be 

3,158,7953
2,890,0001 31
2,750,0005 24
2,700,0006 1 32 33
2,675,78525
2,500,00017
2,653,14026 27
2,165,17028 29 17 27
2,500,00030 10
3,200,00027
4,000,00022
1,354,700 34
Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 PopulationChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Australia is 

12.5713 1
12.49
12.401
12.44
12.05
12.95
11.22
13.58
17.59
23.98
9.84
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Estimated Number of Unregistered and Illicit FirearmsChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,35 but in Australia there are estimated to be 

260,0002 3
260,0005
260,0005 36
267,5797 35 8
250,000
265,314
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Estimated Rate of Unregistered and Illicit Firearms per 100 PopulationChartUnregistered and unlawfully held guns cannot be counted,35 but in Australia the rate of such firearms per 100 people is estimated to be 

1.1313
1.18
1.19
1.24
1.20
1.29
Government Guns
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Number of Military FirearmsThe defence forces of Australia are reported to have 214,52037 firearms
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Routine Arming of PoliceIn Australia, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms38
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Number of Law Enforcement FirearmsPolice in Australia are reported to have 69,00039 firearms

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

20640
189
233
211
230
211
226
188
232
226
235
237
245
221
243
28941 42
292
326
32442
347
312
428
516
470
516
513
608
618
595
549
674
694
677
682
675
644
689
618
687
685 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.8840
0.81
1.01
0.93
1.02
0.95
1.03
0.86
1.08
1.06
1.12
1.14
1.20
1.09
1.22
1.46
1.49
1.69
1.70
1.84
1.68
2.32
2.84
2.61
2.90
2.91
3.49
3.59
3.51
3.29
4.11
4.30
4.26
4.35
4.35
4.20
4.54
4.14
4.70
3.29
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Total Number of Male Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual male deaths resulting from firearms total 

19640
177
213
202
211
195
209
174
210
210
212
220
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Rate of Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of male gun death per 100,000 population is 

1.6740
1.52
1.85
1.77
1.87
1.75
1.89
1.60
1.95
1.97
2.01
2.12
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Total Number of Female Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual female deaths resulting from firearms total 

1040
12
20
9
19
16
17
14
22
16
23
17
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Rate of Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of female gun death per 100,000 population is 

0.0940
0.10
0.17
0.08
0.17
0.14
0.15
0.13
0.20
0.15
0.22
0.16
Compare
Homicides (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual homicides by any means total 

22840
180
254
282
272
248
28543 44 45
24343 46 44 45 47 48
258
272
25143 46 49 50 45 47
216
256
199
164
27846 49 50 45 47
291
30049 50 45 47
34050 45 47
34150 47
312
319
358
342
34250
360
331
351
331 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.9740
0.77
1.10
1.24
1.21
1.11
1.29
1.12
1.20
1.28
1.19
1.04
1.25
0.98
0.82
1.41
1.49
1.55
1.78
1.8151 47
1.68
1.73
1.97
1.90
1.9251
2.04
1.90
2.04
1.95
Compare
Male Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual male homicides by any means total 

15440
124
172
189
170
160
198
152
166
192
158
138
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Rate of Male Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of male homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

1.3140
1.06
1.49
1.66
1.51
1.43
1.79
1.39
1.54
1.80
1.50
1.33
Compare
Female Homicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual female homicides by any means total 

7440
56
82
93
102
88
87
91
92
80
93
78
Compare
Rate of Female Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of female homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

0.6340
0.48
0.72
0.82
0.91
0.79
0.79
0.84
0.86
0.75
0.89
0.75
Compare
Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual firearm homicides total 

3040
22
43
27
42
39
4243 52 45
32
39
3743 46 49 53 45 47
2743 46 49 45 47
2643 46 49 45 47 54
4143 46 49 45 47
1943 46 49 45 47 55
1743 46 49 47
5446 49 56 42 47
4546 49 56 42 47
4749 56 42 47
5756 42 47
50
57
79
104
67
7656 42
64
96
84
79
80
123 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1340
0.09
0.19
0.12
0.19
0.18
0.19
0.15
0.18
0.17
0.13
0.13
0.20
0.09
0.09
0.2751 56 47
0.23
0.24
0.3056 47
0.26
0.30
0.43
0.57
0.37
0.4356
0.36
0.55
0.49
0.46
0.48
0.74
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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a GunChartIn Australia, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be 

16%57 45
12%57 45 48
12%57 45
13%57 45
12%
9%
14%
15%
17%57
15%
14%
21%57 45
20%57 47
18%
21%
22%
22%
25%
19%57
25%
20%
21%
25%
Compare
Male Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual male firearm homicides total 

2540
17
33
2158
30
30
34
26
31
29
18
18
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of male firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.2140
0.15
0.29
0.18
0.27
0.27
0.31
0.24
0.29
0.27
0.17
0.17
Compare
Female Gun Homicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual female firearm homicides total 

540
5
10
658
12
9
8
6
8
8
9
8
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of female firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0440
0.04
0.09
0.05
0.11
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.08
Compare
Handgun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual handgun homicides total 

543
1
4
3
4
643 46
643 46 49
9
7
1
14
443
2
646 49
12
1349 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0251
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.07
Compare
Long Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual long gun homicides total 

2143
13
19
11
14
1743 46
2243 46 49
18
11
14
15
10
5
2446 49
20
1049 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0951
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.12
0.10
0.05
Compare
Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual gun homicides (other) total 

1643
13
8
21
24
943 46
1143 46 49
1043 46 49
9
11
12
5
10
2446 49
13
2449 
Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of gun homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0751
0.06
0.04
0.09
0.11
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.05
0.12
0.07
0.12
Compare
Suicides (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual suicides by any means total 

3,04240
3,124
2,907
3,093
2,919
2,608
2,580
2,39259 60
2,478
2,335
2,340
2,227
2,118
2,101
2,098
2,21360 61 56
2,320
2,45461 56
2,36356
2,492
2,683
2,720
2,393
2,368
2,258
2,081
2,294
2,360
2,161
2,096
2,197 
Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

12.9640
13.45
12.64
13.59
12.97
11.71
11.72
10.99
11.52
10.98
11.14
10.73
10.34
10.38
10.49
11.2051 56
11.88
12.72
12.3456
13.17
14.34
14.69
13.07
13.10
12.65
11.78
13.11
13.65
12.66
12.47
13.29
Compare
Male Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual male suicides by any means total 

2,31640
2,346
2,171
2,329
2,205
1,944
1,930
1,811
1,912
1,783
1,832
1,698
Compare
Rate of Male Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of male suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

19.6840
20.14
18.83
20.42
19.54
17.42
17.49
16.60
17.74
16.74
17.41
16.34
Compare
Female Suicide Victims (any method)ChartIn Australia, annual female suicides by any means total 

72640
778
736
764
714
664
650
581
566
552
508
529
Compare
Rate of Female Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn Australia, the annual rate of female suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

6.2040
6.72
6.42
6.73
6.36
5.98
5.92
5.35
5.27
5.20
4.84
5.11
Compare
Gun SuicidesChartIn Australia, annual firearm suicides total 

16940
162
184
180
181
168
177
14459 60
171
174
183
190
181
147
167
19360 61 56 42
217
26161 56 42
22256 42
269
235
329
382
388
420
431
488
505
486
450
521 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.7240
0.70
0.80
0.79
0.80
0.75
0.80
0.66
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.92
0.88
0.73
0.84
0.9851 56
1.11
1.35
1.1656
1.42
1.26
1.78
2.09
2.15
2.35
2.44
2.79
2.92
2.85
2.68
3.15
Compare
Male Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual male firearm suicides total 

16540
156
174
177
176
161
169
137
157
166
171
182
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of male firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

1.4040
1.34
1.51
1.55
1.56
1.44
1.53
1.26
1.46
1.56
1.63
1.75
Compare
Female Gun Suicide VictimsChartIn Australia, annual female firearm suicides total 

440
6
10
358
5
7
8
7
14
8
12
8
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of female firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0340
0.05
0.09
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.13
0.08
0.11
0.08
Compare
Handgun SuicidesChartIn Australia, annual handgun suicides total 

1859
17
17
23
12
1759 60
1859 60 61
17
25
15
15
14
13
2560 61
24
3461 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0851
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.13
0.12
0.18
Compare
Long Gun SuicidesChartIn Australia, the number of long gun suicides is 

15759
137
128
131
135
11659 60
14159 60 61
139
140
146
150
127
99
13360 61
165
17361 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.6851
0.60
0.57
0.59
0.61
0.53
0.66
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.73
0.63
0.50
0.67
0.84
0.90
Compare
Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual gun suicides (other) total 

859
23
33
12
30
1159 60
1259 60 61
18
18
29
16
6
55
3560 61
28
5461 
Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0351
0.10
0.15
0.05
0.14
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.14
0.08
0.03
0.28
0.18
0.14
0.28
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

140
3
4
3
4
3
3
762 63
1162 63 64
7
5
4
8
50
54
4063 64 56 42
30
18
4556 42
28
22
19
30
15
20
18
24
29
30
19
30 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

040
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.25
0.27
0.2051 56
0.15
0.09
0.2356
0.15
0.12
0.10
0.16
0.08
0.11
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.18
0.11
0.18
Compare
Unintentional Male Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional male shooting deaths total 

140
2
4
358
258
3
3
7
11
7
5
4
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Male Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional male shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.0140
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.04
Compare
Unintentional Female Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional female shooting deaths total 

040
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Female Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional female shooting death per 100,000 population is 

040
0.01
0
0
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
Compare
Unintentional Handgun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

062
0
0
1
0
062 63
162 63 64
0
1
0
1
062
2
363 64 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.0051
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
Compare
Unintentional Long Gun DeathsChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

562
3
3
1
3
762 63
962 63 64
5
3
3
6
3
8
1163 64
10
664 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.0251
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.03
Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn Australia, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

062
0
0
1
0
062 63
162 63 64
2
1
1
1
47
44
2663 64
20
1264 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0051
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.22
0.13
0.10
0.06
Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

640
2
265
1
3
1
4
565 66
11
8
16
11
12
465
3
256
0
267
856
3
5
3
6
6
7
5
15
13
17 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0340
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
0
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.0156
0.00
0.0167
0.0456
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.09
0.08
0.10
Compare
Male Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual male shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

540
2
2
1
3
1
3
4
11
8
14
10
Compare
Rate of Male Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause male shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0458
0.12
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.16
0.08
0.13
0.10
Compare
Female Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual female shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

140
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
1
Compare
Rate of Female Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause female shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0458
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
Compare
Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

165
0
1
0
0
065 66
265 66 68
0
1
0
1
265
0 
Compare
Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0051
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
Compare
Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

065
2
7
1
0
465 66
265 66 68
1
4
3
2
265
2 
Compare
Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.0051
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Compare
Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn Australia, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

165
2
10
3
4
165 66
765 66 68
7
11
8
9
065
1 
Compare
Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.0051
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.01
Compare
Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

669
7
9
2
5
2
6
4
4
6
3
1
2
1070
4
571
472
773
774 
Compare
Rate of Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0351
0.0358
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04
Compare
Male Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesChartIn Australia, annual male legal-intervention gun homicides total 

658
9
2
5
2
6
4
4
6
Compare
Rate of Male Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn Australia, the annual rate of male legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0558
0.08
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.06
Compare
Female Legal Intervention Gun HomicidesIn Australia, annual female legal-intervention gun homicides total 

158
Compare
Rate of Female Legal Intervention Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleIn Australia, the annual rate of female legal-intervention gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0158

ProductionGun IndustryCompare
Regulation of Firearm MakersIn Australia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence75 76 
Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World RankingIn a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Australia was ranked 'small'77
Compare
Home-made GunsIn Australia, the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be low78 79 80 81 

TransfersGun Trade and TraffickingCompare
Firearm ExportsIn Australia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law82 83 84
Compare
Firearm Exports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms exported from Australia is reported by manufacturers to be 

5,20485
5,871
6,112
4,030
4,54086
1,160
Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Australia is reported by Customs to be US$

26,000,00087
87,543,64288
38,488,325
76,893,241
28,498,30688 89
11,077,63090
12,000,00091
Compare
Small Arms Exports - World RankingIn a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Australia was categorized as 'major'92 93 94
Compare
Firearm ImportsIn Australia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law82 95 83 84
Compare
Firearm Imports (Number)ChartThe annual number of firearms imported to Australia is reported to be 

106,06585 96
102,613
97,125
103,696
98,35197
88,185
90,006
72,586
73,701
57,522
58,111
47,820
39,389
38,78698 99 100 101 102
36,980
40,939
28,016
30,666
33,152
18,405
34,837
89,760
44,802
48,751100
32,928
35,881
45,305
71,675
57,222
51,502
104,149103
108,854
194,764
191,359
166,364
Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - CustomsChartThe annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Australia is reported by Customs to be US$

174,000,000104
115,669,47888
164,400,240
124,383,473
122,098,69988 105 106 107 108
104,812,08090 109 110
132,000,000111
62,000,000105
Compare
Smuggling Guns and AmmunitionReports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Australia is low112 78 113 114 79 115 116 117 101 81 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126
Compare
Regulation of Arms BrokersIn Australia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law127
Compare
End User CertificatesCustoms regulations in Australia include128 129 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use
Compare
Transparency of Small Arms TransfersChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Australia scored 

13.50130
12.50131
12.00132
12.25133
11.25134
10.25135
10.00136
10.25137
10.25138
10.25139
11.25140
11.25141
10.00142
11.25143
11.25144 

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in Australia is categorised as restrictive145
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in Australia includes the National Firearms Agreement (NFA) of 1996146 and 2017,147 the National Firearms Trafficking Policy Agreement (NFTPA) 2002,148 the National Handgun Agreement (NHA) 2002,149 and the Firearms Acts and Regulations of each State and Territory150 
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in Australia are regulated by the local State and Territory authorities151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158
Compare
Right to Possess FirearmsIn Australia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law159 160 161 162 163
Compare
Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn Australia, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic and semi-automatic firearms, self-loading and pump action shotguns, handguns with a calibre in excess of .38in with only narrow exemptions, semi-automatic handguns with a barrel length less than 120mm, and revolvers with a barrel length less than 100mm146 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173
Compare
Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn Australia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited, with only narrow exceptions for permanently inoperable collector's, display, or museum guns146 164 166 167 168 169 174 175 172 173 48
Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn Australia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons and their lookalikes is prohibited in all but exceptional circumstances164 166 167 168 169 170 171 176
Compare
Regulation of HandgunsIn Australia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is only permitted subject to stringent conditions164 177 165 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 48
Compare
Law Regulates Long GunsIn Australia,  civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law164 166 167 168 169 170 171 176 48
Compare
Gun Ownership and PossessionIn Australia, only licensed gun owners186 187 188 189 154 190 191 192 193 48 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm PossessionApplicants for a gun owner’s licence in Australia are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example gun club membership, hunting, target shooting, firearm collection, pest control, and narrow occupational uses.194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202
In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason203 204 205
Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in Australia is 18 years, or as young as 11 years while under the immediate supervision of an appropriately licensed adult186 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213
Compare
Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in Australia must pass a background check which considers criminal, mental health, physical, addiction, domestic violence, residential and other214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 48 records
Compare
Reference Required for Firearm LicenceIn Australia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required for some licence categories in some jurisdictions223 224 225 226
Compare
Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Australia stipulates214 227 228 217 229 219 230 221 231 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked
Compare
Firearm Safety TrainingIn Australia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required232 233 234 235 236 220 237 238 for a firearm licence
Compare
Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn Australia, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every one to five years depending on the licence category186 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246
Compare
Licensing RecordsIn Australia, authorities maintain a record247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
Compare
Limit on Number of GunsLicensed firearm owners in Australia are permitted to possess only the number and type of firearms specified on their licence or acquisition permit195 257 258 259 260 154 261 262 263 261 264
Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of AmmunitionLicensed firearm owners in Australia are permitted to possess ammunition only for those firearms for which the purchaser is licensed, with a limit on the quantity of ammunition that may be purchased in a given period265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 264
Firearm Registration
Compare
Civilian Gun RegistrationIn Australia, the law requires273 274 247 255 250 249 252 254 253 256 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
Compare
Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn Australia, licensed firearm dealers are required275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 256 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record KeepingIn Australia, licensed gun makers are required283 256 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority
Compare
State-Owned Firearm RecordsIn Australia, State agencies are required284 285 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control
Gun Sales and Transfers
Compare
Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn Australia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted and registered by a licensed firearm dealer, or in remote locations by police265 286 287 288 289 290 291 292
Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn Australia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful265 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
Compare
Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Australia is obliged265 214 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Australia is obliged265 214 to pass official background checks before taking possession
Compare
Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn Australia, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per acquisition permit, in accordance with the particular firearm licence category257 258 301 260 302 261 303 263 261 264
Compare
Number of Licensed Gun DealersChartThe number of licensed firearm dealers in Australia is reported to be 

1999: 1,581304
1998: 1,223305
Compare
Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn Australia, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is 28 days for a first sale or transfer, with exemptions in some states and territories for subsequent acquisition of the same type of firearm for which the owner already holds a licence257 306 301 307 308 309 220 310 311
Compare
Regulation of Gun ShowsIn Australia, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events in some jurisdictions, are regulated312 313 314 315 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in Australia include316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in Australia include325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - GovernmentGovernment regulations in Australia include285 284 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities
Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in Australia include333 334 335 336 337 338 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Carrying Guns
Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn Australia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.203 204 339 340 341 342 343 205 48
Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn Australia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited without genuine reason. In law, personal protection is not a genuine reason.203 204 339 340 341 342 343 205 48
Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm PossessionIn Australia, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm344 is 20 years in prison, depending on the jurisdiction and category of firearm345 188 189 346 347 191 192 193 348

MeasuresInternational Controls
Regional Agreements
Pacific Islands ForumAs a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, Australia adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arms-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum349 350
Compare
Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and DevelopmentThe Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006351 by Australia.
Compare
Arms Trade TreatyThe Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified352 by Australia
Compare
United Nations Firearms ProtocolThe United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed, but not yet ratified353 by Australia
United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA
UNPoA CommitmentOn 21 July 2001, Australia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects354
Compare
UNPoA Implementation Monitor ScoreIn its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Australia against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 22355 356 357 358 among 159 Member States
Compare
UNPoA National ReportingUnder the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Australia has submitted one or more national reports359 360 on its implementation of the UNPoA
Compare
UNPoA National Point of ContactIn Australia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated361 360
Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating BodyIn Australia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated361 360
Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and SupportIn National Reports of Australia submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent361 360 362
UNPoA International Assistance – DonorFunds for UNPoA implementation have been donated363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 by Australia to other UN Member States
Compare
United Nations Small Arms RegisterAccording to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Australia has declared371 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.
United Nations MembershipIn the UN List of Member States, Australia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945372
Wassenaar ArrangementThe Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists373 Australia as a Participating State

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal ProfileLink
About SDG 16The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by all member states by 2030. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part.

SDG 16,374 which seeks to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,” includes targets and indicators focused on reducing violence (Target 16.1) and the proliferation of illicit arms (Target 16.4). The indicators – or measurement criteria – of these targets include the number of victims of intentional homicide (Indicator 16.1.1), the number of conflict-related deaths (Indicator 16.1.2), and the number of illicit firearms collected and traced (Indicator 16.4.2).

In light of these targets and indicators, GunPolicy.org provides granular national data pertaining to homicides, gun homicides, conflict deaths, disarmament efforts, and marking and tracing.
Link
Conflict DeathsFor a profile of conflict in Australia, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University
Compare
DisarmamentAuthorities in Australia are known to have375 376 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation
Compare
Firearms Surrendered and SeizedChartIn Australia, the number of firearms voluntarily surrendered, bought back or seized by authorities is reported to be 

2017: 56,553377
2016: 36,265
2015: 3,000378
2014: 3,000379
2012: 3,485380 381 382 383
2011: 5,922381 382 383
2010: 5,798381 382
2008/11: 4,000384 382
2006: 5,15717 382
2004: 68,727385 386
1987/2015: 1,121,577387 375 376 388
Compare
Small Arms DestroyedChartIn Australia, the number of firearms destroyed following amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 

2017: 20,174389
2015: 17,081390
2012: 3,485381
2011: 3,857
2010: 3,109
1987/2015: 1,121,577387 375 376 388
Compare
Destruction and Disposal PolicyIn Australia, it is not state policy391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market
Marking and Tracing
Compare
Firearm MarkingIn Australia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law76
Compare
Firearm TracingIn Australia, state authorities carry out399 400 401 402 403 404  recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
Compare
Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn Australia, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not405 406 recorded in a register
Link
Global Peace IndexTo see where Australia ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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2.: Australia.2016.‘Domestic Illicit Firearms Market.’ Illicit Firearms in Australia.Canberra:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,21 October. (Q13159)Full Citation
3.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13434)Full Citation
4.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Number of Privately Owned Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G1) Full Citation
5.: Dawson, Chris.2014.‘Australian Firearm Market.’ Australian Crime Commission, Submission No. 75 to Senate Committee: Inquiry into the Ability of Australian Law Enforcement Authorities to Eliminate Gun-Related Violence in the Community.Canberra:Australian Crime Commission,22 August. (Q11588)Full Citation
6.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Number of Registered Firearms in Australia, 2011.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11750)Full Citation
7.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms and of Privately Owned Firearms - Australia.’ Number of Registered Firearms, Australia.Sydney:GunPolicy.org,6 December. (Q13214)Full Citation
8.: UNODC.2010.‘Value of the Global Firearms Market (Licit and Illicit).’ The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment (TOCTA).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 June. (Q13189)Full Citation
9.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation
10.: Reuter, Peter and Jenny Mouzos.2002.‘Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns.’ In: Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence. Editors: Philip Cook and Jens Ludwig.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press,1 December. (Q11733)Full Citation
11.: Chappell, Duncan, Peter Grabosky, Paul Wilson and Satyanshu Mukherjee.1988.‘Firearms and Violence in Australia: Gun Ownership.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology, citing Australian Bankers' Association figures,1 February. (Q11734)Full Citation
12.: Harding, Richard W.1981.‘How Many Guns? - Estimated Gun Ownership (other than airgun ownership) Australia 1975.’ Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: an Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia.Nedlands, WA:University of Western Australia Press,1 December. (Q11921)Full Citation
13.: GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Australia (Possession Data).’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,19 December. (Q4201)Full Citation
14.: GunPolicy.org. 2016. ‘Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 12 December. (G6) Full Citation
15.: SSAA National.2016.‘Handguns.’ A Journalist's Guide to Firearms and the Shooting Sports.Adelaide:Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia (SSAA National) Inc,1 April. (Q11748)Full Citation
16.: Bricknell, Samantha.2008.‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Legal ownership.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,14 October. (Q947)Full Citation
17.: Phillips, Janet, Malcolm Park and Catherine Lorimer.2007.‘How many legal firearms are there in Australia?.’ Firearms in Australia: A Guide to Electronic Resources.Canberra:Parliamentary Library, Federal Parliament of Australia,9 August. (Q13181)Full Citation
18.: Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation
19.: van Dijk, Jan, John van Kesteren and Paul Smit.2007.‘Ownership of Firearms and Handguns in Countries and Main Cities (percentages): 1989-2005 ICVS and 2005 EU ICS.’ Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key findings from the 2004-2005 ICVS and EU ICS.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,1 January. (Q11790)Full Citation
20.: Leigh, Andrew and Christine Neill.2010.‘Do Gun Buybacks Save Lives? Evidence from Panel Data - Introduction.’ American Law and Economics Review.Oxford:Oxford Journals / Oxford University Press,20 August. (Q11674)Full Citation
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22.: Dann, Susan and Paul Wilson.1993.‘Gun Ownership & Violence in Australia: Strategies for Reduction.’ Current Issues in Criminal Justice.Brisbane:Sydney Institute of Criminology, The University of Sydney,1 July. (Q11751)Full Citation
23.: Chappell, Duncan, Peter Grabosky, Paul Wilson and Satyanshu Mukherjee.1988.‘Firearms and Violence in Australia.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q11782)Full Citation
24.: Australia.2012.‘Assessment of the Illegal Firearms Market.’ Final Report of the National Investigation into the Illegal Firearms Market.Canberra:Parliament of Australia,29 June. (Q11823)Full Citation
25.: Maning, Jo.2010.‘Total number of registered civilian firearms in Australia.’ Collated National Figures - Personal correspondence from the Assistant Director.Canberra:Drugs and Firearms Section, Border Management and Crime Prevention Branch, Criminal Justice Division, Australian Federal Attorney-General's Department,28 October. (Q3057)Full Citation
26.: Mouzos, Jenny.2006.‘An Overview of Firearms Theft in Australia.’ Presentation to the International Firearms Safety Seminar.Christchurch:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,23 February. (Q11657)Full Citation
27.: Petrie, Andrea.2006.‘A Disarming Cause: Have tighter gun laws made us safer?.’ The Age.Melbourne:28 April. (Q11658)Full Citation
28.: Mouzos, Jenny.2002.‘Firearms Theft in Australia.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q7231)Full Citation
29.: Mouzos, Jenny.2002.‘Number of licence holders and registered firearms by jurisdiction, 1 July 2001.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice: Firearms Theft in Australia.Canberra:National Firearms Theft Monitoring Program / NFTMP, Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q4073)Full Citation
30.: Browne, Roland; Tidswell, Keith.1997.‘Upset by Lone Gunman's Killing Spree, Australians Turn in Weapons.’ Associated Press.Sydney:Associated Press,30 September. (Q11743)Full Citation
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32.: Christopher Knaus. 2011. ‘ACT Black Market Fed by Theft of Legal Guns.’ Canberra Times (Australia). 8 August. (N495) Full Citation
33.: Townsend, Ian.2011.‘Guns are Back - Buyback Guns Replaced with Imports.’ ABC Radio National - Background Briefing.Brisbane:Australian Broadcasting Corporation,13 November. (Q11664)Full Citation
34.: Waterman, Snr Sgt S W.1987.‘Firearms - Is it a Police Responsibility?.’ Research Lecture Paper, Victoria Police College Inspector's Course No. 51, 1986.Melbourne:Victoria Police College,26 February. (Q11749)Full Citation
35.: GunPolicy.org. 2019. ‘Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 24 January. (G14) Full Citation
36.: McPhedran, Samara.2011.‘Firearms Registration in Australia.’ WiSH Fact Sheet - Background.Sydney:International Coalition for Women in Shooting and Hunting / WiSH,22 August. (Q5683)Full Citation
37.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13436)Full Citation
38.: Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific: Police Inventories.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,31 March. (Q145)Full Citation
39.: Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q13435)Full Citation
40.: Australia.2019.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2009-2018.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2018.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,25 September. (Q14047)Full Citation
41.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Numbers of Gun Deaths - Australia.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,7 March. (Q6478)Full Citation
42.: Kreisfeld, Renate.2006.‘Australia Revised Firearm Deaths 1979-2003.’ National Injury Surveillance Unit / NISU.Adelaide:Research Centre for Injury Studies, Flinders University of South Australia,1 March. (Q954)Full Citation
43.: Australia.2017.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Year of Occurrence, Australia, 2007-2016 - Assault.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2016.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,27 September. (Q9177)Full Citation
44.: Bryant, Willow and Tracy Cussen.2015.‘Homicide Victims by Year and Jurisdiction, 1989–90 to 2010–12.’ Homicide in Australia: 2010–11 to 2011–12: National Homicide Monitoring Program report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q12091)Full Citation
45.: UNODC.2014.‘Homicides and Gun Homicides in Australia.’ Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),10 April. (Q8901)Full Citation
46.: Australia.2013.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2002-2011 - Assault.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2011.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,15 March. (Q7379)Full Citation
47.: UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Australia.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6225)Full Citation
48.: Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Australia.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (Q9635)Full Citation
49.: Australia.2012.‘Underlying Cause of Death, All Causes, Australia, 2001-2010 - Assault.’ Causes of Death, Australia, 2010.Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics,20 March. (Q6476)Full Citation
50.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B2: Homicide Victims by Year and Jurisdiction, 1989/90 to 2009/10.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q8365)Full Citation
51.: GunPolicy.org.2018.‘Calculated Rates - Australia (Gun Death and Injury).’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,7 March. (Q6477)Full Citation
52.: Bryant, Willow and Tracy Cussen.2015.‘Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2010–12.’ Homicide in Australia: 2010–11 to 2011–12: National Homicide Monitoring Program report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q12092)Full Citation
53.: Chan, Andy and Jason Payne.2013.‘Table B8: Primary Cause of Death of Homicide Victims by Sex and Jurisdiction, 2008/09.’ Homicide in Australia: 2008-09 to 2009-10 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,20 February. (Q12093)Full Citation
54.: Dearden, Jack and Warwick Jones.2008.‘Victims by Cause of Death, 2006-2007 - Gun Shot Wound.’ Homicide in Australia: 2006-07 National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report.Canberra:National Homicide Monitoring Program / Australian Institute of Criminology,5 December. (Q3723)Full Citation
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187.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2575)Full Citation
188.: New South Wales.1996.‘Offence of Unauthorised Possession or Use of Pistols or Prohibited Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2479)Full Citation
189.: Tasmania.1996.‘Possession or Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2943)Full Citation
190.: Queensland.1990.‘Licences.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2677)Full Citation
191.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Possession or Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2782)Full Citation
192.: South Australia.1977.‘Possession and Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2885)Full Citation
193.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licensing Offences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2754)Full Citation
194.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q969)Full Citation
195.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2581)Full Citation
196.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Genuine Reasons to Possess or Use Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2521)Full Citation
197.: New South Wales.1996.‘Genuine Reasons for Having a Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2489)Full Citation
198.: Tasmania.1996.‘Genuine Reasons.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2960)Full Citation
199.: Victoria.2008.‘Prescribed Purposes for Applying for Longarm and General Category Handgun Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (S.R. No. 22/2008).Melbourne:Department of Justice,8 April. (Q2671)Full Citation
200.: Queensland.1990.‘Genuine Reasons for Possession of a Weapon.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2676)Full Citation
201.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Genuine Reason for Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2764)Full Citation
202.: South Australia.2008.‘Purposes for Which Firearms May be Used.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2908)Full Citation
203.: Australia.1996.‘Genuine Reason for Owning, Possessing or Using a Firearm.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q970)Full Citation
204.: King, Brooke.2009.‘Firearms Controls in Australia.’ Challenges, Constraints and Opportunities in National PoA Implementation by States of the Pacific.Sydney:Firearms Unit, Australian Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department,22 June. (Q1985)Full Citation
205.: Warner, Kate and Simon Sherwood.2006.‘Firearms Legislation in Australia a Decade After the Nationwide Agreement: Summary and comments.’ National Coalition for Gun Control.Hobart:National Coalition for Gun Control,1 July. (Q973)Full Citation
206.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Children Prohibited from Owning Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2545)Full Citation
207.: New South Wales.1996.‘Minor's Firearms Permits.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2499)Full Citation
208.: Tasmania.1996.‘Application for Minor's Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2971)Full Citation
209.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Junior Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2619)Full Citation
210.: Queensland.1990.‘Limitations on Issue of Licence.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2673)Full Citation
211.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Application for Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2761)Full Citation
212.: South Australia.2008.‘Exemption From Requirement to be Licensed.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2917)Full Citation
213.: Western Australia.1973.‘Minimum Age of Licensee or Permit Holder.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2746)Full Citation
214.: Australia.1996.‘Grounds for Licence Refusal or Cancellation and Seizure of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2584)Full Citation
215.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Assessing Suitability of Individuals - Discretionary Criteria.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2514)Full Citation
216.: New South Wales.1996.‘General Restrictions on Issue of Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2487)Full Citation
217.: Tasmania.1996.‘General Restrictions on Granting Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2955)Full Citation
218.: Victoria.1998.‘Definitions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2608)Full Citation
219.: Queensland.1990.‘Fit and Proper Person - Licensees.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2675)Full Citation
220.: Northern Territory.1997.‘General Restrictions on Grant of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2762)Full Citation
221.: South Australia.1977.‘Interpretation.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2881)Full Citation
222.: Western Australia.1973.‘Exercise of Commissioner's Discretion.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2748)Full Citation
223.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Shooting Clubs, Conditions of Approval.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2664)Full Citation
224.: Victoria.1998.‘Approved Firearms Collectors Clubs - Requirements as to Members and Former Members.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2668)Full Citation
225.: Queensland.1996.‘Category H Weapons - Club Letter Certifying Need for Weapon.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2734)Full Citation
226.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Restriction on Grant of Category H Sports Shooter's Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2763)Full Citation
227.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Mandatory Suspension.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2543)Full Citation
228.: New South Wales.1996.‘Suspension of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2576)Full Citation
229.: Victoria.1998.‘Surrender of Firearms and Licence Document.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2667)Full Citation
230.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Suspension on Making of Interim Domestic Violence Order.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2779)Full Citation
231.: Western Australia.1973.‘Disqualification by Court Imposing Violence Restraining Order.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q3052)Full Citation
232.: Australia.1996.‘Training as a Prerequisite for Licensing.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2585)Full Citation
233.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Adult Firearms Licences - Refusal.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2518)Full Citation
234.: Tasmania.1996.‘Safety Courses.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2998)Full Citation
235.: Victoria.1998.‘General Discretion of Chief Commissioner to Refuse a Longarm or Handgun Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2618)Full Citation
236.: Queensland.1990.‘Adequate Knowledge of Weapon.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2674)Full Citation
237.: South Australia.2008.‘Training and Examinations.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2913)Full Citation
238.: Western Australia.1973.‘Training Courses.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2747)Full Citation
239.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Adult Licences, Period.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2625)Full Citation
240.: New South Wales.2006.‘Term of Licence.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2587)Full Citation
241.: Tasmania.2006.‘Period of Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3002)Full Citation
242.: Victoria.1998.‘Duration of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2622)Full Citation
243.: Queensland.1990.‘Term of Licence.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2679)Full Citation
244.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Period of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2766)Full Citation
245.: South Australia.1977.‘Term and Renewal of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2894)Full Citation
246.: Western Australia.1973.‘Duration and Renewal of Licences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2745)Full Citation
247.: New South Wales.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2500)Full Citation
248.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Contents of Register.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2563)Full Citation
249.: Queensland.1990.‘Commissioner to Maintain Firearms Register.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2684)Full Citation
250.: Victoria.1998.‘Keeping of Register.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2641)Full Citation
251.: Victoria.1998.‘Certificate of Registration.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2642)Full Citation
252.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Register.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2760)Full Citation
253.: Western Australia.1974.‘Register.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2834)Full Citation
254.: South Australia.1977.‘Registers.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2883)Full Citation
255.: Tasmania.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2976)Full Citation
256.: Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5380)Full Citation
257.: Australia.1996.‘Permit to Acquire.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q2583)Full Citation
258.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Permits to Acquire - Applications.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2560)Full Citation
259.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Category C.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2482)Full Citation
260.: Tasmania.1996.‘Application for Permit to Acquire Firearm.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2968)Full Citation
261.: South Australia.1977.‘Reasons for Refusal of Permit.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q3056)Full Citation
262.: Queensland.1990.‘Limitation on Number of Concealable Firearms Particular Licensees May Acquire.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2699)Full Citation
263.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Firearms Dealer Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2770)Full Citation
264.: Western Australia.1973.‘Genuine Reason Required in All Cases.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2749)Full Citation
265.: Australia.1996.‘Recording of Sales.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q985)Full Citation
266.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Sale of Ammunition by Licensed Firearms Dealers.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2665)Full Citation
267.: New South Wales.1996.‘Supply, Acquisition and Possession of Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2548)Full Citation
268.: Tasmania.2006.‘Amount of Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3001)Full Citation
269.: Victoria.1998.‘Possession of Cartridge Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q3055)Full Citation
270.: Queensland.1996.‘Prohibition on Possession of Particular Magazines - Category H Weapons.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2741)Full Citation
271.: Northern Territory.1997.‘General Conditions of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2765)Full Citation
272.: South Australia.2008.‘Limit on Quantity of Ammunition.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2922)Full Citation
273.: Australia.1996.‘Effective Nationwide Registration of All Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q995)Full Citation
274.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Register of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2562)Full Citation
275.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Inspection of Records.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2568)Full Citation
276.: New South Wales.1996.‘Recording of Transactions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2550)Full Citation
277.: Tasmania.1996.‘Record of Dealings.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2988)Full Citation
278.: Victoria.1998.‘Requirement to Keep Register of Transactions.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2640)Full Citation
279.: Queensland.1990.‘Licensed Dealers and Armourers to Keep Register.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2693)Full Citation
280.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Records and Returns to be Kept by Dealers.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2772)Full Citation
281.: South Australia.1977.‘Records.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2893)Full Citation
282.: Western Australia.1973.‘Records.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2756)Full Citation
283.: Australia.2012.‘Record-keeping by Manufacturers.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6496)Full Citation
284.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1739)Full Citation
285.: Australia.2008.‘Accounting for Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1738)Full Citation
286.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unlawful Acquisition of Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2569)Full Citation
287.: New South Wales.1996.‘Restrictions on Supply of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2546)Full Citation
288.: Tasmania.1996.‘Sale and Possession of Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2990)Full Citation
289.: Victoria.1998.‘Prohibition on Acquisition of Firearm Except from Licensed Firearms Dealer.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2663)Full Citation
290.: Queensland.1990.‘Acquisition of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2680)Full Citation
291.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Sale of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2781)Full Citation
292.: South Australia.1977.‘Obligations of Prescribed Person.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2890)Full Citation
293.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Firearms Dealers to be Licensed.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2567)Full Citation
294.: New South Wales.1996.‘Licence Categories and Authority Conferred by Licence - Firearms Dealer Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2485)Full Citation
295.: Tasmania.1996.‘Dealing in Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2945)Full Citation
296.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Dealers Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2638)Full Citation
297.: Queensland.1990.‘Dealers to be Licensed.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2692)Full Citation
298.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Restrictions on Granting Firearms Dealer Licences.’ Firearms Regulations 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2809)Full Citation
299.: South Australia.1977.‘Requirement for Dealer's Licence.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2891)Full Citation
300.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licences.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2752)Full Citation
301.: New South Wales.1996.‘Permits to Acquire Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2498)Full Citation
302.: Victoria.1998.‘Issue of Permit to Acquire.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2661)Full Citation
303.: Queensland.1996.‘Firearms Licence - Category C Rifle and Category C Shotgun for Occupational Rural Purpose on Rural Land.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2717)Full Citation
304.: Mouzos, Jenny.1999.‘International Traffic in Small Arms: An Australian Perspective.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 February. (Q13194)Full Citation
305.: Mouzos, Jenny.1998.‘Small Arms Dealers.’ CSCAP Working Group on Transnational Crime Small Arms Project: An Australian Perspective.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 October. (Q13195)Full Citation
306.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘When Permits to Acquire May be Issued.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2561)Full Citation
307.: Tasmania.1996.‘Granting Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2972)Full Citation
308.: Victoria.1998.‘Offence to Acquire a Firearm Without a Permit.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2660)Full Citation
309.: Queensland.1996.‘Waiting Period for Decision on Application for Permit to Acquire.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2739)Full Citation
310.: South Australia.1977.‘Application for Permit.’ Firearms Act 1977 (Version: 7.2.2014).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,12 May. (Q2888)Full Citation
311.: Western Australia.1973.‘Licensing Procedure.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2753)Full Citation
312.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Arms Fairs, Permits to Conduct.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2636)Full Citation
313.: New South Wales.2006.‘Arms Fair Permits.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2596)Full Citation
314.: Queensland.1990.‘Approval of Arms Fair.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2696)Full Citation
315.: South Australia.2008.‘Exemption for Certain Exhibitors.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2907)Full Citation
316.: Australia.1996.‘Uniform Standard for the Security and Storage of Firearms.’ Special Firearms Meeting - the 'Nationwide Agreement on Firearms'.Canberra:Australasian Police Ministers' Council,10 May. (Q988)Full Citation
317.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Failing to Comply with Storage Requirements.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2564)Full Citation
318.: New South Wales.1996.‘Safe Keeping of Firearms - General Requirement.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2501)Full Citation
319.: Tasmania.1996.‘General Requirements.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2977)Full Citation
320.: Victoria.1998.‘Storage of Firearms Under Longarm and Handgun Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2644)Full Citation
321.: Queensland.1990.‘Secure Storage of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2689)Full Citation
322.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Storage and Safe Keeping Requirements.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2780)Full Citation
323.: South Australia.2008.‘Security of Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2921)Full Citation
324.: Western Australia.1974.‘Storage Security Requirements.’ Firearms Regulations 1974 (Version 07-d0-01, as at 22 July 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,1 July. (Q2831)Full Citation
325.: Australian Capital Territory.2008.‘Dealer Licences, Restrictions on Issue.’ Firearms Regulation 2008 (SL2008-55, Republication No 13, effective 1 December 2015).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,22 December. (Q2629)Full Citation
326.: New South Wales.1996.‘Conditions of Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No 46 (Act Current to 24 November 2015).Sydney:New South Wales Government,28 June. (Q2494)Full Citation
327.: Tasmania.1996.‘Firearms Dealer and Museum Licences Requirement.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2987)Full Citation
328.: Victoria.1998.‘Storage of Firearms Under Dealers Licences.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2645)Full Citation
329.: Queensland.1996.‘Storage Measures for Armourers, Dealers, and Theatrical Ordnance Suppliers - Vaults and Safes.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2731)Full Citation
330.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Security Measures Required by Dealer.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2771)Full Citation
331.: South Australia.2008.‘Possession of Firearms by Dealers.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2923)Full Citation
332.: Western Australia.1973.‘Safe Keeping by Traders.’ Firearms Act 1973 (Version 05-00-00, reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 13 February 2015).Perth:State Law Publisher,18 October. (Q2757)Full Citation
333.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Transport of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2570)Full Citation
334.: New South Wales.2006.‘Non-commercial Transportation of Prohibited Firearms and Pistols - Prescribed Safety Requirements.’ Firearms Regulation 2006 (2006-512, as at 1 January 2014).Sydney:New South Wales Government,1 September. (Q2602)Full Citation
335.: Tasmania.2006.‘Safety Requirements for Conveying Other Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 2006 (Regulations as of 4 November 2015).Hobart:Governor of the State of Tasmania,16 October. (Q3004)Full Citation
336.: Queensland.1996.‘Firearms to be Kept Unloaded Other Than When Being Used to Shoot.’ Weapons Regulation 1996 (As in force on 1 July 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 December. (Q2735)Full Citation
337.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Transporting Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2821)Full Citation
338.: South Australia.2008.‘Transporting of Firearms - Exclusion from Section 35A of Act.’ Firearms Regulations 2008 (Version: 1.7.2015).Adelaide:Parliament of South Australia,1 September. (Q2927)Full Citation
339.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Carriage or Use of Firearm - Improper Manner.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2666)Full Citation
340.: Queensland.1990.‘Particular Conduct Involving a Weapon in a Public Place Prohibited.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2688)Full Citation
341.: Victoria.1998.‘Offences About the Carriage and the Use of Firearms.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2646)Full Citation
342.: Tasmania.1996.‘Possession of Loaded Firearm in Public Place.’ Firearms Act 1996 (Act as at 4 November 2015).Hobart:Legislative Council and House of Assembly,30 August. (Q2992)Full Citation
343.: Northern Territory.1997.‘Carrying Firearms in Public Places.’ Firearms Act 1997 (Reprint, as in force at 1 May 2016).Darwin:Northern Territory Government,13 March. (Q2786)Full Citation
344.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January. (G93) Full Citation
345.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Offence - Unauthorised Possession or Use of Prohibited Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2516)Full Citation
346.: Victoria.1998.‘Offence for Non-Prohibited Person to Possess, Carry or Use a Longarm Without a Licence.’ Firearms Act 1996 No. 66 of 1996 (Version No. 080, as of 1 December 2015).Melbourne:Department of Justice, Victoria,31 January. (Q2609)Full Citation
347.: Queensland.1990.‘Possession of Weapons.’ Weapons Act 1990 (As in force on 20 November 2015).Brisbane:Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel,19 September. (Q2686)Full Citation
348.: Davies, Megan and Jenny Mouzos.2008.‘Court Outcomes for Firearm Offences in Australia.’ AIC Reports: Technical and Background Paper 31.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,3 December. (Q1983)Full Citation
349.: SPCPC/OCO.2000.‘Towards a Common Approach to Weapons Control: The 'Nadi Framework'.’ South Pacific Chiefs of Police Conference (SPCPC) and Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO).Nadi, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat,10 March. (Q576)Full Citation
350.: Baker, Jean.2000.‘Weapons Control Bill: Explanatory Notes.’ Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat.Suva, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,10 March. (Q577)Full Citation
351.: GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (Q7162)Full Citation
352.: UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q7226)Full Citation
353.: UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation
354.: UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York, NY:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation
355.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8752)Full Citation
356.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8753)Full Citation
357.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Point Allocation System.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8754)Full Citation
358.: Parker, Sarah and Katherine Green.2012.‘Introduction.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. (Q8755)Full Citation
359.: Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation
360.: UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. (Q1309)Full Citation
361.: IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation
362.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Regional Activities.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1629)Full Citation
363.: Australia.2016.‘Assistance Provided.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12065)Full Citation
364.: Australia.2012.‘Assistance Provided.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q6502)Full Citation
365.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Papua New Guinea.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1623)Full Citation
366.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Samoa.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1624)Full Citation
367.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Solomon Islands.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1625)Full Citation
368.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Nauru.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1626)Full Citation
369.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Nepal.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1627)Full Citation
370.: Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes - Africa.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1628)Full Citation
371.: UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation
372.: UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York, NY:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation
373.: Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation
374.: United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. (Q14093)Full Citation
375.: Alpers, Philip.2013.‘The Big Melt: How One Democracy Changed after Scrapping a Third of Its Firearms - Destruction of Firearms.’ Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,25 January. (Q6568)Full Citation
376.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Restricted Firearms.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q8900)Full Citation
377.: UNODC.2020.‘Arms Seized, Found, and Surrendered, by Type.’ Illicit Arms Flows Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,7 January. (Q14056)Full Citation
378.: Australia.2016.‘Collection.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12064)Full Citation
379.: Australia.2014.‘Collection.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q11755)Full Citation
380.: Australia.2012.‘Collection.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,23 March. (Q11754)Full Citation
381.: Australia.2012.‘Confiscation and Seizure.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,28 March. (Q11756)Full Citation
382.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘General Firearm Characteristics.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11767)Full Citation
383.: Bricknell, Samantha.2012.‘Firearm type seized from SOCG and non-SOCG.’ Firearm Trafficking and Serious and Organised Crime Gangs.Canberra:Australian Institute of Criminology,1 June. (Q11766)Full Citation
384.: Thomas Chamberlin. 2012. ‘Illegal Firearms a Booming Trade Through International Mail Order Services.’ Courier-Mail (Brisbane). 27 May. (N526) Full Citation
385.: Ellison, Senator Chris; Hudson, Phillip.2004.‘Victoria Leads Way in Gun Buyback.’ The Age.Melbourne, VIC:8 August. (Q11740)Full Citation
386.: Nick Butterly. 2004. ‘Gun Owners Cache In Big.’ Courier-Mail (Brisbane). 9 November. (N534) Full Citation
387.: Alpers, Philip and Amélie Rossetti.2016.‘Australian Firearm Amnesty, Buyback and Destruction Totals.’ Official tallies and media-reported numbers, 1987-2015.Sydney:GunPolicy.org, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney,3 May. (Q11781)Full Citation
388.: Reuter, Peter and Jenny Mouzos, in: Cook, Philip and Jens Ludwig (Eds).2002.‘Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns.’ In: Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence.Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press,1 December. (Q3050)Full Citation
389.: Australia.2017.‘Outcomes - Total Number of Firearms by Reason.’ National Firearms Amnesty Report 2017.Canberra:Australian Government,1 December. (Q13281)Full Citation
390.: Australia.2016.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,27 April. (Q12063)Full Citation
391.: Australia.2008.‘Destruction of Surplus Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 July. (Q1719)Full Citation
392.: Australian Capital Territory.1996.‘Disposal of Surrendered or Seized Firearms.’ Australian Capital Territory Firearms Act 1996 (A1996-74 - Republication No.45, effective 27 April 2016).Canberra:ACT Parliamentary Counsel,1 January. (Q2572)Full Citation
393.: New South Wales.1996.

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