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United States — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

Federal firearm legislation is limited
US states and municipalities regulate firearm use with their own gun laws
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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in the United States is 270,000,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in the United States is 88.82 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, the United States ranked at No. 11

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, the United States ranked at No. 12

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of the United States are reported to have 3,054,5533 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in the United States are reported to have 897,4004 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn the United States, annual homicides by any means total

2010: 14,1595
2009: 15,241
2008: 16,272
2007: 16,929
2006: 17,030
2005: 16,740
2004: 16,148
2003: 16,528
2002: 16,229
2001: 16,037
2000: 15,586
1999: 12,6586
1998: 14,276
1997: 18,2087
1996: 19,645
1995: 21,606

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 4.965
2008: 5.35
2007: 5.61
2006: 5.70
2005: 5.66
2004: 5.51
2003: 5.69
2002: 5.64
2001: 5.63
2000: 5.52
1999: 4.556
1998: 5.19
1993: 9.938

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Number of Gun Homicides

ChartIn the United States, annual firearm homicides total

2008: 9,4849
2007: 10,129
2006: 10,225
2005: 10,158
2004: 9,385
2002: 9,36910
2001: 8,890
1999: 8,2596
1998: 9,257

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 2.985
2008: 3.12
2007: 3.36
2006: 3.42
2005: 3.43
2004: 3.20
2002: 3.2510
2001: 3.12
1999: 2.976
1998: 3.37
1993: 7.0711

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Number of Suicides (any method)

ChartIn the United States, annual suicides by any means total

2005: 32,55912
2001: 29,89813

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2008: 11.9612
2005: 11.00
2003: 10.814
2001: 10.1713
1993: 12.0615

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Number of Gun Suicides

ChartIn the United States, annual firearm suicides total

2005: 17,00216
2001: 16,86913

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2005: 5.7517
2001: 5.7413
1993: 7.3518

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Number of Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn the United States, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2005: 78916
2001: 80213

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2005: 0.2717
2001: 0.2713
1993: 0.5919

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In the United States, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2001: 5413

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn the United States, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2003: 0.114
2001: 0.0213
1993: 0.2220

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In the United States, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence21

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, the United States is ranked 'major'22 23

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In the United States, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 24

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from the United States is reported to be US$689,170,60325 (2009)26

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, the United States is categorized as 'major'27 28

Import Control

In the United States, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 24

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to the United States is reported to be US$1,585,242,73825 (2009)29

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in the United States is moderate30 31

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in the United States is reported to be US$50032

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In the United States, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law24

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

In the most recent survey of state transparency when declaring firearm and ammunition exports, the United States was ranked number 9 among 49 major small arms exporting nations in 2011, with a score of 16.25 points of a possible total of 2533

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in the United States is categorised as permissive34

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in the United States is the Gun Control Act 196835 (this is Federal legislation only: each US state and territory enacts its own gun law)21

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in the United States are regulated by the federal, state, and local authorities35

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Right to Possess Firearms

In the United States, the right to private gun ownership is guaranteed by law36 37

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In the United States, civilians are not allowed to possess machine-guns, sawn-off shotguns and rifles, silencers, and armour-piercing ammunition without appropriate registration38 39 40

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In the United States, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited without appropriate registration39 40

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In the United States, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted without a licence in some jurisdictions41

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Regulation of Handguns

In the United States, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted without a licence in some jurisdictions39

Gun Owner Licensing

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in the United States is regulated by state or local authorities according to weapon type, but is 18 years to purchase shotguns and rifles and 21 years to purchase all other firearms, according to Federal law42

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In the United States, the law does not require43 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In the United States, licensed firearm dealers are required44 45 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In the United States, licensed gun makers are required44 45 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In the United States, State agencies are required46 24 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm in a private sale in the United States is not obliged47 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Background Checks on Dealer Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in the United States is obliged48 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In the United States, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted in some jurisdictions47

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In the United States, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful49

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In the United States, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined in some jurisdictions47

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In the United States, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated50 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in the United States include46 24 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in the United States include51 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In the United States, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law45 52 53

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Firearm Tracing

In the United States, state authorities carry out45 52 54 31 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In the United States, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed with or without a permit depending on the jurisdiction, and prohibited in others35

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In the United States, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed with or without a permit depending on the jurisdiction, and prohibited in others35

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Gun Free Zones

In the United States, private guns are prohibited in federal facilities55

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in the United States are known to have56 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Small Arms Destroyed

In the United States, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 830,00056 (1993-1996)

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In the United States, it is state policy57 24 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), the United States adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed, but not yet ratified58 59 by the United States

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

At the resumption of the most recent session of the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCCPCJ), a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, the United States was listed as an elected member for a three-year term of office60

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, the United States voted to begin61 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed62 by the United States

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, the United States committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects63

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, the United States has submitted one or more national reports64 65 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In the United States, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated66 65

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In the United States, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated66 65

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of the United States submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent65

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated65 by the United States to other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, the United States has not declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, the United States has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194567

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists68 the United States as a Participating State
Last Updated on 18 March 2012

Short References

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