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Uganda — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Uganda is 400,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Uganda is 1.42 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Uganda ranked at No. 891

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Uganda ranked at No. 1372

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Uganda is reported to be 2,7703

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Uganda is 0.014

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Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms

Unlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Uganda there are estimated to be 200,0005

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Uganda are reported to have 133,0006 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Uganda are reported to have 28,0007 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Uganda, annual homicides by any means total

2009: 2,6698
2008: 2,753
2004: 2,0499
2003: 2,136

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Uganda, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 8.254
2008: 8.7410
2007: 7.43
2006: 9.02
2005: 8.70
2004: 16.55
2003: 7.95
2002: 15.53
1997: 11.88
1996: 8.68
1995: 8.49

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Number of Gun Homicides

ChartIn Uganda, annual firearm homicides total

2004: 3689
2003: 335

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Uganda, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2004: 1.429
2003: 1.25

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In Uganda, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited11

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Uganda, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 12 13

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Uganda is reported to be US$3,90714 (2009)

Import Control

In Uganda, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 12 15 16 13

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Uganda is reported to be US$160,87814 (2009)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Uganda is moderate17 18

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Uganda is reported to be US$8619

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Uganda, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law20 21

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Uganda do not include20 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Uganda is categorised as restrictive22

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Uganda is the Firearms Act, 197023 24

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Uganda are regulated by the Minister of Internal Affairs25

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Uganda, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law20

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Uganda, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms26 27

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Uganda, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited26 27

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Uganda, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is not specifically prohibited in law27

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Regulation of Handguns

In Uganda, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence27

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Uganda, only licensed gun owners28 29 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Uganda are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, hunting, and target shooting30 31 32 33

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Uganda is 25 years30

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Uganda must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, addiction and other various30 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Uganda, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required20

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Uganda does not stipulate34 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Uganda, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required20 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Uganda gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 1 year35

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Licensing Records

In Uganda, authorities maintain a record29 27 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Uganda are permitted to possess 1 firearm per firearm certificate29 35

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Uganda is permitted to possess the quantity of ammunition specified in the firearm certificate35

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Uganda, the law requires36 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Uganda, licensed firearm dealers are required37 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Uganda, State agencies are required38 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Uganda, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted39 40

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Uganda, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful39 41

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Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In Uganda, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to the firearm described in the certificate29

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Uganda, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined20

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Uganda, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated20 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Uganda include42 30 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Uganda include43 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Uganda include44 38 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Uganda include13 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Uganda, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law15 45

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Firearm Tracing

In Uganda, state authorities do not currently carry out45 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Uganda, state authorities do not employ20 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Uganda, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited46

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Uganda, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 10 years47 28

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Uganda are known to have48 49 50 51 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Uganda, the number of firearms and/or rounds of ammunition voluntarily surrendered for destruction in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 4,00049 (2000-05)

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Uganda, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 10,00048 (2002), 4,00049 (2005), 50,00050 (2006), and 4,70051 (since 2008)

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Uganda, it is not state policy52 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Uganda adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200653

Regional Centre on Small Arms

In March 2000, as a member of the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA), Uganda adopted the Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa, then on 21 April 2004 adopted the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States, a legally-binding multilateral protocol of which the RECSA is depository. The Nairobi Protocol has since been signed, and ratified54 55 by Uganda

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Uganda was absent from voting on56 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified57 by Uganda

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Uganda committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects58

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Uganda has submitted one or more national reports59 60 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Uganda, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated61 60

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Uganda, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated61 60

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Uganda submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent62 63

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated60 by Uganda to other UN Member States

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UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided60 to Uganda by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Uganda has not declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Uganda has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196264

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list65 Uganda as a Participating State
Last Updated on 18 March 2012

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Uganda.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4296)Full Citation

5.

Risdel Kasasira and Grace Natabaalo. 2007. ‘Country Leads in Illegal Guns in East Africa.’ Daily Monitor (Kampala). 15 March. (N243) Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

8.

Uganda.2010.‘Investigated Crimes by Category Between (2008-2009) – Homicide.’ Uganda Bureau of Statistics Official Website.Kampala:Uganda Bureau of Statistics,13 September. (Q2476)Full Citation

9.

UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 – 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation

10.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

11.

Uganda.1970.‘Prohibition of Manufacture of Firearms or Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2333)Full Citation

12.

Uganda.1970.‘Importation and Exportation of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2339)Full Citation

13.

Uganda.1970.‘Firearms and Ammunitions in Transit.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q3245)Full Citation

14.

Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

15.

Uganda.1970.‘Refusal to Issue or Renew a Firearm Certificate Unless Firearm Produced.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2331)Full Citation

16.

Uganda.1970.‘Removal of Imported Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2340)Full Citation

17.

Amnesty International.2005.‘Democratic Republic of Congo: Illegal Arms Exports Fuelling Killings, Mass Rape and Torture.’ Press Release AFR 62/008/2005.London:Amnesty International,5 July. (Q5123)Full Citation

18.

AEFJN.2010.‘Countries that Send Arms to Embargoed Territories.’ Arms Exports and Transfers: From Sub-Saharan Africa to Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network (AEFJN),1 December. (Q5101)Full Citation

19.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

20.

Uganda.1970.‘Arrangement of Sections, Preliminary, Commencement and Interpretation.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q4361)Full Citation

21.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

22.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

23.

Uganda.1970.‘Arrangement of Sections, Preliminary, Commencement and Interpretation.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2325)Full Citation

24.

Uganda.2010.‘Draft National Policy and Bill to Amend the 1970 Firearms Act.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2451)Full Citation

25.

Uganda.1970.‘Regulations.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2343)Full Citation

26.

Uganda.1970.‘Special Provisions Relating to Certain Types of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2338)Full Citation

27.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5376)Full Citation

28.

Uganda.1970.‘Restrictions on Purchasing, etc. of Firearms or Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2326)Full Citation

29.

Uganda.1970.‘Issue of Firearm Certificates.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2327)Full Citation

30.

Uganda.1970.‘Issue of Firearm Certificates.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2328)Full Citation

31.

Uganda.1970.‘Issue of Firearm Certificates.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2329)Full Citation

32.

Uganda.1970.‘Application of Part III.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2337)Full Citation

33.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5427)Full Citation

34.

Tonga.1968.‘Short Title.’ Chapter 39. Arms and Ammunition Act, 1968 [1988 Revised Edition].Nuku'alofa:Legislative Assembly,29 November. (Q4961)Full Citation

35.

Uganda.1970.‘Issue of Firearm Certificates.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2330)Full Citation

36.

Uganda.2010.‘Establishment of Central Firearms Registry.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2455)Full Citation

37.

Uganda.1970.‘Register of Transactions in Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2335)Full Citation

38.

Uganda.2003.‘Measures for the Management and Security of Government SALW Stocks.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 June. (Q2459)Full Citation

39.

Uganda.1970.‘Prohibition on Dealing in Firearms Without Being Registered.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2332)Full Citation

40.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5392)Full Citation

41.

Uganda.1970.‘Registration of Firearms Dealers and Gunsmiths.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2334)Full Citation

42.

Uganda.1970.‘Safe Custody of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2341)Full Citation

43.

Uganda.1970.‘Storage of Firearms and Ammunition by Dealers and Gunsmiths.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2336)Full Citation

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Uganda.2006.‘Stockpile Management and Security.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 July. (Q2456)Full Citation

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Uganda.2010.‘National Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing of Stockpiles.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2452)Full Citation

46.

Uganda.1970.‘Penalty for Use and Possession of Firearms or Imitation Firearms in Certain Cases.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q2342)Full Citation

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Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5452)Full Citation

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Uganda.2003.‘Weapons Collection.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 June. (Q3226)Full Citation

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Uganda.2006.‘Government Amnesty to Armed Rebels.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 July. (Q2458)Full Citation

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Uganda.2006.‘Collection and Disposal.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 July. (Q2457)Full Citation

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Uganda.2010.‘Collection and Disposal of Surplus SALW.’ National Report of Uganda on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations,1 January. (Q2453)Full Citation

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Uganda.1970.‘Disposal of Firearms and Ammunition Forfeited, etc.’ Firearms Act 1970, Chapter 299.Kampala:Republic of Uganda,1 December. (Q3246)Full Citation

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Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation