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Trinidad & Tobago — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Trinidad & Tobago is 21,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Trinidad & Tobago is 1.62 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Trinidad & Tobago ranked at No. 1661

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Trinidad & Tobago ranked at No. 1292

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Trinidad & Tobago is reported to be 10,5503

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners in Trinidad & Tobago is 0.864 per 100 people

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Trinidad & Tobago is reported to be 7,8011 5

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Trinidad & Tobago is 0.634

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Trinidad & Tobago, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 1176

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Trinidad & Tobago, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 5,7466

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 1,9386 handguns in civilian possession in Trinidad & Tobago

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Trinidad & Tobago are reported to have 5,0357 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Trinidad & Tobago are reported to have 5,6008 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Trinidad & Tobago, annual homicides by any means total

2009: 5069
2008: 547
2007: 391
2006: 371
2005: 386
2004: 260
2003: 229
2002: 171
2001: 151
2000: 120

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Trinidad & Tobago, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 37.799
2008: 41.04
2007: 29.44
2006: 28.04
2005: 29.29
2004: 19.79
2003: 17.49
2002: 13.10
2001: 11.62
2000: 9.27
1999: 7.0010

Number of Gun Homicides

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Trinidad & Tobago, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 27.269
2008: 32.63
2007: 23.04
2006: 20.33
2005: 20.64
2004: 13.70

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Number of Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Trinidad & Tobago, annual suicides by any means total

2002: 15711
1995: 10412

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Trinidad & Tobago, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2002: 12.0013
1995: 7.9812

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Number of Gun Suicides

In Trinidad & Tobago, annual firearm suicides total

1995: 112

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

In Trinidad & Tobago, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

1995: 0.0812

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Number of Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Trinidad & Tobago, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

1995: 712

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Trinidad & Tobago, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

1995: 0.5412

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In Trinidad & Tobago, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited14 15

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Trinidad & Tobago, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 16

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Trinidad & Tobago is reported to be US$1,20217 (2007)

Import Control

In Trinidad & Tobago, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 18 19 15 20

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Trinidad & Tobago is reported to be US$7,278,42517 (2009)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Trinidad & Tobago is moderate21

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Trinidad & Tobago, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law22

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Trinidad & Tobago is categorised as restrictive23

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Trinidad & Tobago is the Firearms Act24

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Trinidad & Tobago are regulated by the Commissioner of Police6

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Trinidad & Tobago, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law25

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Trinidad & Tobago, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms26

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Trinidad & Tobago, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited26

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Trinidad & Tobago, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence26

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Regulation of Handguns

In Trinidad & Tobago, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence26 6

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Trinidad & Tobago, only licensed gun owners27 28 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Trinidad & Tobago are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, hunting, target shooting, collection, personal protection, security29 6

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Trinidad & Tobago is 25 years30

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Trinidad & Tobago must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, domestic violence and addiction30 29 31 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Trinidad & Tobago, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required28 6

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Trinidad & Tobago stipulates31 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Trinidad & Tobago, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required28 6 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Trinidad & Tobago gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 3 years29

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Licensing Records

In Trinidad & Tobago, authorities maintain a record32 33 34 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Trinidad & Tobago are permitted to possess any number of firearms25

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Trinidad & Tobago is permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition25

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Trinidad & Tobago, the law requires32 33 34 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Trinidad & Tobago, licensed firearm dealers are required35 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Trinidad & Tobago, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined25

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Trinidad & Tobago, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated25 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Trinidad & Tobago include36 6 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Trinidad & Tobago do not include25 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Trinidad & Tobago does not include37 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Trinidad & Tobago do not include6 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Trinidad & Tobago, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law18 38

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Firearm Tracing

In Trinidad & Tobago, state authorities carry out18 38 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Trinidad & Tobago, state authorities employ38 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Trinidad & Tobago, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit39 40

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Trinidad & Tobago, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit39 40

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Trinidad & Tobago, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 10 years prison27 41

Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Trinidad & Tobago, it is state policy37 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Trinidad & Tobago adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified42 43 by Trinidad & Tobago

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Trinidad & Tobago voted to begin44 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified45 by Trinidad & Tobago

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Trinidad & Tobago committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects46

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Trinidad & Tobago has submitted one or more national reports47 48 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Trinidad & Tobago, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated49 48

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Trinidad & Tobago, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated49 48

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated48 by Trinidad & Tobago to other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Trinidad & Tobago has declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Trinidad & Tobago has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196250

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list51 Trinidad & Tobago as a Participating State
Last Updated on 18 March 2012

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Wells, William, Charles M Katz and Jeonglim Kim.2010.‘Firearm Possession Among Arrestees in Trinidad and Tobago.’ Injury Prevention.London:BMJ Journals,19 July. (Q2984)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Trinidad & Tobago.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4289)Full Citation

5.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Civilian Firearms Legally Registered.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5679)Full Citation

6.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

7.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

8.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

9.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

10.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3817)Full Citation

11.

WHO.2010.‘Number of Suicides by Age Group and Gender, Trinidad and Tobago, 2002.’ World Health Organization Mental Health Data.Geneva:World Health Organization,12 September. (Q2469)Full Citation

12.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

13.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation

14.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Prohibition on Manufacture, etc., of Firearm or Ammunition.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2312)Full Citation

15.

Trinidad and Tobago.2010.‘Production, Export and Import.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,30 April. (Q2396)Full Citation

16.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Permission to Take Firearm Abroad.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2322)Full Citation

17.

Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

18.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Restrictions on Importation and Exportation of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2320)Full Citation

19.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Travellers to Make Declaration of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2321)Full Citation

20.

Trinidad and Tobago.2003.‘Importation Procedure.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,27 May. (Q2402)Full Citation

21.

Trinidad and Tobago.2003.‘Scope and Nature of the Firearms Problem.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,27 May. (Q2401)Full Citation

22.

Trinidad and Tobago.2010.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,30 April. (Q2400)Full Citation

23.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

24.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Arrangement of Sections, Short Title, Preliminary and Interpretation.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2307)Full Citation

25.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Arrangement of Sections, Short Title, Preliminary and Interpretation.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q4166)Full Citation

26.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Interpretation.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2308)Full Citation

27.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Possession With Licences Only — Saving.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2309)Full Citation

28.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Provisional Licence.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2313)Full Citation

29.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘General Provisions as to Grant and Issue of Licences, Certificates and Permits.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2314)Full Citation

30.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Offences Relating to Selling or Transferring Firearms or Ammunition.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2311)Full Citation

31.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Restrictions on Domestic Violence Offender Holding Firearm User's Licence.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2315)Full Citation

32.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Firearms Register.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2316)Full Citation

33.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Database.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2318)Full Citation

34.

Trinidad and Tobago.2010.‘Legislation, Regulation, Administrative Procedures.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,30 April. (Q2397)Full Citation

35.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Records and Returns.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2317)Full Citation

36.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Custody of Firearms and Ammunition.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2324)Full Citation

37.

Trinidad and Tobago.2010.‘Law Enforcement / Criminalisation.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,30 April. (Q2399)Full Citation

38.

Trinidad and Tobago.2010.‘International Tracing Instrument.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,30 April. (Q2395)Full Citation

39.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition in Public Places — Power of Police as to.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2319)Full Citation

40.

Trinidad and Tobago.1971.‘Carrying Firearm or Ammunition in Public Place.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, Chapter 16:01, Revised Edition 2006.Port of Spain:Ministry of Legal Affairs,1 January. (Q2310)Full Citation

41.

Trinidad and Tobago.2010.‘Law Enforcement / Criminalisation – Possession.’ National Report of Trinidad and Tobago on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations,30 April. (Q2398)Full Citation

42.

OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation

43.

OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation

44.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

45.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

46.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

47.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

48.

UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

49.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

50.

UN.2009.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,11 May. (Q290)Full Citation

51.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation