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Tanzania — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Tanzania is 550,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Tanzania is 1.41 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Tanzania ranked at No. 752

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Tanzania ranked at No. 1371

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Tanzania is reported to be 69,8403

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners in Tanzania is 0.214 per 100 people

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Tanzania is reported to be 93,50005

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Tanzania is 0.234

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Tanzania, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 18,0503

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Tanzania, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 47,4203

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 4,3703 handguns in civilian possession in Tanzania

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Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms

Unlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Tanzania there are estimated to be 100,0006

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Tanzania are reported to have 203,3007 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Tanzania are reported to have 50,4008 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Tanzania, annual homicides by any means total

2008: 10,3579
1997: 2,35510
1996: 2,283
1995: 2,110

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Tanzania, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2008: 24.59
2004: 16.9511 9
2003: 7.50
2002: 24.0011
2000: 7.95
1998: 6.15
1997: 7.5210
1996: 7.49
1995: 7.12

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Tanzania, annual firearm homicides total

1997: 17510
1996: 228
1995: 268

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Tanzania, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

1997: 0.5610
1996: 0.75
1995: 0.90

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Suicides (any method)

In Tanzania, annual suicides by any means total

1995: 26312

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Tanzania, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

1995: 0.7112

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Tanzania, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

1995: 512

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Tanzania, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

1995: 0.0112

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Tanzania, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited, except at arsenals established by the Government13 14

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Home-made Guns

In Tanzania the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate15 16

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Regulation of Firearm Exports

In Tanzania, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 17

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Tanzania is reported to be US$3,55818 (2011)

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Regulation of Firearm Imports

In Tanzania, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 19 20 21

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Tanzania is reported to be US$374,33618 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Tanzania is moderate22

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Tanzania is reported to be US$20023

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Tanzania, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law24 25

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Tanzania do not include24 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Tanzania is categorised as permissive26

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Tanzania includes the Arms and Ammunition Act, 200727

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Tanzania are regulated by the Arms Authority, appointed by Minister of Home Affairs28

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Tanzania, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law24

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Tanzania, civilians are not allowed to possess military firearms including: machine guns, rifles, small firearms such as handguns and pistols, and breech-loading weapons of all kinds29

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Tanzania, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited29

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Tanzania, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited29

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Regulation of Handguns

In Tanzania, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited29

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Tanzania, only licensed gun owners28 30 31 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Tanzania are not required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm24

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Tanzania is 18 years24

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Tanzania must pass background checks which consider undefined24 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Tanzania, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required24

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Tanzania does not stipulate24 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Tanzania, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required24 for a firearm licence

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Licensing Records

In Tanzania, authorities maintain a record32 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Tanzania are permitted to possess only those firearms specified on the owner's firearms licence28

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Tanzania is permitted to possess only ammunition suitable for the firearm specified on the owner's firearms licence28

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Tanzania, the law requires33 34 5 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Tanzania, licensed firearm dealers are required35 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Tanzania, State agencies are, in some cases, required5 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Tanzania, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted with a permit signed by an authorised officer36

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Tanzania, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful36

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Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In Tanzania, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to only those firearms specified on the owner's firearms licence28

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Tanzania, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined24

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Tanzania, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated24 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Tanzania include37 38 35 39 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Tanzania include37 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Tanzania does not include24 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Tanzania, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law40 33 34 41

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Firearm Tracing

In Tanzania, state authorities do not carry out24 25 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Tanzania, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit28 30

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Tanzania, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit28 30

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Tanzania, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 15 years of prison and a fine42 43

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Tanzania are known to have44 45 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Tanzania, the number of firearms and/or rounds of ammunition voluntarily surrendered for destruction in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 2,77244 (2008)

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Tanzania, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 14,52546 45 44 14

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Tanzania, it is state policy29 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Tanzania adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200647

Southern African Development Community

As a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Tanzania signed the SADC Declaration Concerning Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials in March 2001. This laid the ground for the August, 2001 adoption of the legally binding SADC Protocol on Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials48

Regional Centre on Small Arms

In March 2000, as a member of the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA), Tanzania adopted the Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa, then on 21 April 2004 adopted the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States, a legally-binding multilateral protocol of which the RECSA is depository. The Nairobi Protocol has since been signed, but not yet ratified49 50 by Tanzania

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Tanzania voted to begin51 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified52 by Tanzania

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Tanzania committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects53

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Tanzania has submitted one or more national reports54 25 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Tanzania, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated55 25

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Tanzania, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated55 25

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Tanzania submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent55 25

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated25 by Tanzania to other UN Member States

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UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided25 to Tanzania by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Tanzania has not declared2 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Tanzania has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196156

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list57 Tanzania as a Participating State

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

3.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Tanzania.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4287)Full Citation

5.

Tanzania.2010.‘Computerisation of Civilian Owned Firearms.’ National Report of Tanzania on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations,1 May. (Q4742)Full Citation

6.

Risdel Kasasira and Grace Natabaalo. 2007. ‘Country Leads in Illegal Guns in East Africa.’ Daily Monitor (Kampala). 15 March. (N243) Full Citation

7.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

8.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

9.

UNODC.2011.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Tanzania.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,6 October. (Q6410)Full Citation

10.

UNODC.2001.‘Tanzania: Total Recorded Intentional Homicides (Completed) and Total Recorded Intentional Homicides Committed With a Firearm.’ Sixth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, covering the period 1995-1997.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,27 June. (Q1319)Full Citation

11.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

12.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

13.

Tanzania.2001.‘Manufacture of Arms or Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3065)Full Citation

14.

Tanzania.2006.‘Reduction Activities.’ National Report of Tanzania on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations,1 January. (Q5320)Full Citation

15.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Production of Arms and Munitions – Craft Production.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5080)Full Citation

16.

Rackley, Edward B.2005.‘Artisan Rifles or 'Mugobore'.’ The Impact of Small Arms and Armed Violence on Women.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité / GRIP and United Nations Development Programme / UNDP,1 March. (Q5460)Full Citation

17.

Tanzania.2001.‘Restriction on the Export of Arms and Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3071)Full Citation

18.

Marsh, Nicholas.2013.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,14 February. (Q16)Full Citation

19.

Tanzania.2001.‘Deposit in Public Warehouses.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3068)Full Citation

20.

Tanzania.2001.‘Travellers May Introduce Arms on Certain Conditions.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3069)Full Citation

21.

Tanzania.2001.‘Restriction on the Import of Arms and Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3070)Full Citation

22.

Pézard, Stéphanie and Nicolas Florquin.2007.‘Borders with the DRC, Rwanda, and Tanzania.’ Small Arms in Burundi: Disarming the Civilian Population in Peacetime.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies / Ligue Iteka,1 August. (Q5081)Full Citation

23.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

24.

Tanzania.2001.‘Preliminary Provisions.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q4360)Full Citation

25.

UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

26.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

27.

Tanzania.2001.‘Preliminary Provisions.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3076)Full Citation

28.

Tanzania.2001.‘Grant of Licence to Carry or Possess Arms or Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3073)Full Citation

29.

Tanzania.2001.‘Surrender of Armaments.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3064)Full Citation

30.

Tanzania.2001.‘Prohibition on Carrying or Possession of Arms or Ammunition Without Licence.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3074)Full Citation

31.

Tanzania.2001.‘Reciprocal Recognition of Arms Licences Issued in Neighbouring Countries.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3072)Full Citation

32.

Tanzania.2001.‘Central Officers to Be Established at Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q4363)Full Citation

33.

Tanzania.2001.‘Registration of Arms and Ammunition Already in the United Republic.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3063)Full Citation

34.

Tanzania.2001.‘Registration of Imported Arms and Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3067)Full Citation

35.

Tanzania.2001.‘Provisions as to Private Warehouses.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3060)Full Citation

36.

Tanzania.2001.‘Restriction on Sale and Transfer of Arms or Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3062)Full Citation

37.

Tanzania.2001.‘Safe Custody of Arms and Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3058)Full Citation

38.

Tanzania.2001.‘Deposit and Withdrawal of Arms or Ammunition.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3059)Full Citation

39.

Tanzania.2001.‘Private Warehouse Not to be Kept Without Licence.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q3061)Full Citation

40.

Tanzania.2010.‘Marking of SALW.’ National Report of Tanzania on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations,1 May. (Q4741)Full Citation

41.

Victor Karega. 2010. ‘Centre to Procure Software.’ Citizen (Dar es Salaam). 3 July. (N221) Full Citation

42.

Tanzania.2001.‘Penalties.’ Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q5327)Full Citation

43.

Tanzania.2001.‘Penalty for Use and Possession of Firearms and Imitation Firearms in Certain Cases.’ The Arms and Ammunition Act, Chapter 223, No.19 of 2007.Dar es Salaam:Ministry of Home Affairs,4 May. (Q5328)Full Citation

44.

Tanzania.2008.‘Destruction.’ National Report of Tanzania on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations,31 March. (Q4364)Full Citation

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Tanzania.2010.‘Destruction of Illicit / Obsolete Firearms.’ National Report of Tanzania on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations,1 May. (Q4362)Full Citation

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Citizen (Dar es Salaam). 2010. ‘Police Destroy Illegal Arms.’ 9 August. (N242) Full Citation

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SADC / UNODA.2001.‘Protocol on Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Southern African Development Community Secretariat / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 August. (Q3217)Full Citation

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RECSA / UNODA.2004.‘Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Regional Centre on Small Arms / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 April. (Q3218)Full Citation

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RECSA.2010.‘Ratified and Deposited Instruments of the Nairobi Protocol.’ Regional Centre on Small Arms and Light Weapons Website – Ratifications.Nairobi:Regional Centre on Small Arms,19 November. (Q3263)Full Citation

51.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

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UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

53.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

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Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

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UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

57.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation