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Papua New Guinea — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Papua New Guinea is 71,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Papua New Guinea is 1.22 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Papua New Guinea ranked at No. 1451

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Papua New Guinea ranked at No. 1452

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Papua New Guinea is reported to be 27,0431 3

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Papua New Guinea is 0.504

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Papua New Guinea, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 4025

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Papua New Guinea, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 48,8035

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 7955 handguns in civilian possession in Papua New Guinea

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Papua New Guinea are reported to have 2,3006 to 10,0007 firearms

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Routine Arming of Police

In Papua New Guinea, police officers on routine patrol carry one or more firearms8

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Papua New Guinea are reported to have 7,0009 to 8,80010 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Papua New Guinea, annual homicides by any means total

2000: 46511
1999: 450
1998: 502

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Papua New Guinea, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2004: 15.2012
2002: 15.60
2000: 9.0611
1999: 8.99
1998: 10.28

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In Papua New Guinea, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited13

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Home-made Guns

In Papua New Guinea the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate14

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Papua New Guinea, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 15

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Papua New Guinea is reported to be US$4,05016 (2003)

Import Control

In Papua New Guinea, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 17

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Papua New Guinea is reported to be US$13,43916 (2009)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Papua New Guinea is high5

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Papua New Guinea is reported to be US$2,40018

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Papua New Guinea, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law19 17

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Papua New Guinea do not include19 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Papua New Guinea is categorised as restrictive20

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Papua New Guinea is the Firearms Act, 197821

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Papua New Guinea are regulated by the Commissioner of Police as the 'Registrar of Firearms'22

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Papua New Guinea, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law19

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Papua New Guinea, civilians are not allowed to possess machine guns, and pistols or high-powered firearms not licensed before 199923 24 25

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Papua New Guinea, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited23 25

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Papua New Guinea, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under a licence issued before 199924 25 26

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Regulation of Handguns

In Papua New Guinea, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under a licence issued before 199924 25 26

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Papua New Guinea, only licensed gun owners27 28 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Papua New Guinea are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, sports shooting, self-defence, hunting, veterinary purposes, scientific research, destruction of stock, and any other purpose approved by the Registrar27 25 29 30

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Papua New Guinea is 18 years27 29 30

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Papua New Guinea must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, and violence27 29 30 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Papua New Guinea, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required19

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Papua New Guinea stipulates29 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Papua New Guinea, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required19 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Papua New Guinea gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 1 year27 31 32

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Licensing Records

In Papua New Guinea, authorities maintain a record33 34 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Papua New Guinea are permitted to possess 1 firearm27

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Papua New Guinea is permitted to possess only ammunition of a calibre or gauge suitable for the licensed firearm35

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Papua New Guinea, the law requires33 36 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Papua New Guinea, licensed firearm dealers requires37 33 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Papua New Guinea, State agencies are required36 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Papua New Guinea, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited38 39

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Papua New Guinea, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful38 40

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Papua New Guinea, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined19

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Papua New Guinea, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated40 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Papua New Guinea include41 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Papua New Guinea include40 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Papua New Guinea do not include19 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Papua New Guinea, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is not required by law36

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Firearm Tracing

In Papua New Guinea, state authorities carry out36 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Papua New Guinea, state authorities do not employ19 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Papua New Guinea, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit42 28 31

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Papua New Guinea, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit42 28 31

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Papua New Guinea, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 6 months prison or a fine not exceeding K1,500.0043

Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Papua New Guinea, it is state policy44 45 46 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Pacific Islands Forum

As a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, Papua New Guinea adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arms-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum47 48

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Papua New Guinea voted to begin49 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed50 by Papua New Guinea

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Papua New Guinea committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects51

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Papua New Guinea has submitted one or more national reports52 53 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Papua New Guinea, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated54 53

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Papua New Guinea, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated54 53

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Papua New Guinea submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent53

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated53 by Papua New Guinea to other UN Member States

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UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided53 55 56 to Papua New Guinea by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Papua New Guinea has not declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Papua New Guinea has been a Member State of the United Nations since 197557

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list58 Papua New Guinea as a Participating State
Last Updated on 9 February 2012

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Maze, Kerry and Yvette Issar.2009.‘Case Study of the South Pacific: PNG: National Registration and Licensing.’ International Assistance for Implementing the UN Programme of Action on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).Geneva:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research / UNIDIR,17 November. (Q1960)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Papua New Guinea.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4279)Full Citation

5.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2008.‘A Semi-automatic Process?: Identifying and destroying military surplus: Surplus identification uncertainties.’ Small Arms Survey 2008: Risk and Resilience.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,14 July. (Q2035)Full Citation

7.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

8.

Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific: Police Inventories.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,31 March. (Q145)Full Citation

9.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

10.

Hazen, Jennifer M.2008.‘Estimates of Civilian Holdings of Firearms.’ Armed Violence in Asia and the Pacific: An overview of the Causes, Costs and Consequences.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Small Arms Survey,1 May. (Q2047)Full Citation

11.

UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation

12.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘East Asia and the Pacific, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3814)Full Citation

13.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Manufacture of Firearms.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q688)Full Citation

14.

Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,31 March. (Q690)Full Citation

15.

Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Pacific Small Arms Legislation: Import and export laws in Pacific states.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,31 March. (Q162)Full Citation

16.

Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

17.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

18.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

19.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Preliminary.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4922)Full Citation

20.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

21.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Preliminary.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4921)Full Citation

22.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Administration.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4923)Full Citation

23.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Banned Weapons.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q675)Full Citation

24.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Person Not to Own, etc. Pistol or High-Powered Firearm Without Licence.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q660)Full Citation

25.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Interpretation.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q661)Full Citation

26.

Madagascar.2008.‘Cooperation in Respect of Tracing.’ National Report of Madagascar on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Madagascar to the United Nations,16 June. (Q4627)Full Citation

27.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Firearm Licences.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q662)Full Citation

28.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Use, Carriage and Possession of Firearms.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4924)Full Citation

29.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Revocation of Firearm Licences.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4926)Full Citation

30.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Permits Not to be Issued to Certain Persons.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4927)Full Citation

31.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Period of Permit.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4928)Full Citation

32.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5444)Full Citation

33.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Registration.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q678)Full Citation

34.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Register of Ammunition Dealers' Licences.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4930)Full Citation

35.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Sale of Ammunition by Gun Dealer, etc..’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4932)Full Citation

36.

Papua New Guinea.2005.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Papua New Guinea on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Papua New Guinea to the United Nations,26 April. (Q683)Full Citation

37.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Ammunition Dealers to Keep Records, etc..’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4931)Full Citation

38.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Ammunition Dealer's Licences.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q681)Full Citation

39.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5392)Full Citation

40.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Application for Licences.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4929)Full Citation

41.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Safe Custody.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q673)Full Citation

42.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Permit to Carry Firearms.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q668)Full Citation

43.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Firearms Not to be Owned Except by Licensed Owner.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q687)Full Citation

44.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Disposal of Forfeited Firearms and Silencers.’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4934)Full Citation

45.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Forfeiture of Tools, Premises, etc..’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4925)Full Citation

46.

Papua New Guinea.1978.‘Revocation of Licences, etc..’ Firearms Act (1978).Port Moresby:National Parliament,1 January. (Q4933)Full Citation

47.

SPCPC/OCO.2000.‘Towards a Common Approach to Weapons Control: The 'Nadi Framework'.’ South Pacific Chiefs of Police Conference (SPCPC) and Oceania Customs Organisation (OCO).Nadi, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat,10 March. (Q576)Full Citation

48.

Baker, Jean.2000.‘Weapons Control Bill: Explanatory Notes.’ Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat.Suva, Fiji:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,10 March. (Q577)Full Citation

49.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

50.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

51.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

52.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

54.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

55.

New Zealand.2010.‘Implementation of the Programme of Action – DDR Programmes.’ National Report of New Zealand on its Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of New Zealand to the United Nations,1 February. (Q1881)Full Citation

56.

Australia.2010.‘Small Arms Light Weapons and other Related Programmes – Papua New Guinea.’ National Report of Australia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1623)Full Citation

57.

UN.2009.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,11 May. (Q290)Full Citation

58.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation