Find Gun Policy Facts

Armed violence prevention, gun control laws and the small arms trade:

Research supported by

Go To...

Nigeria — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Nigeria is 2,000,0001

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Nigeria is 1.52 firearms per 100 people

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Nigeria ranked at No. 341

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Nigeria ranked at No. 1332

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 1,000,0003 handguns in civilian possession in Nigeria

Compare
Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms

Unlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Nigeria there are estimated to be 1,000,0003

Compare
Estimated Rate of Illicit Firearms per 100 Population

Unlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Nigeria there are estimated to be 0.714 illicit firearms per 100 people

Government Guns

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Nigeria are reported to have 179,5505 firearms

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Nigeria are reported to have 420,0006 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

Compare
Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Nigeria, annual homicides by any means total

2008: 1,9567
2007: 1,981
2006: 2,000
2005: 2,074
2004: 2,550
2003: 2,136
2002: 2,117
2001: 2,120
2000: 1,255
1999: 1,645
1998: 1,670
1997: 1,730
1996: 1,561
1995: 1,585
1994: 1,629

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Nigeria, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2008: 1.328
2007: 1.35
2006: 1.38
2005: 1.47
2004: 9.75
2003: 1.59
2002: 12.36
2001: 1.67
2000: 1.09
1999: 1.36
1998: 1.43
1997: 1.52
1996: 1.41
1995: 1.48

Compare
Number of Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Nigeria, annual suicides by any means total

2008: 1419
2007: 154
2006: 199
2005: 128
2004: 131
2003: 191
2002: 152
2001: 241
2000: 146
1999: 323
1998: 313
1997: 272
1996: 238
1995: 229
1994: 200

Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Nigeria, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2008: 0.094
2007: 0.10
2006: 0.14
2005: 0.09
2004: 0.09
2003: 0.14
2002: 0.12
2001: 0.19
2000: 0.12
1999: 0.27
1998: 0.26
1997: 0.24
1996: 0.21
1995: 0.21
1994: 0.19

ProductionGun Industry

Compare
Firearm Manufacture

In Nigeria, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence10 11 12

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Nigeria, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 13 14

Import Control

In Nigeria, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 15 13 16 14

Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Nigeria is reported to be US$1,99517 (2009)

Compare
Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Nigeria is moderate18

Compare
Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Nigeria is reported to be US$18019

Compare
End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Nigeria include20 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

Compare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Nigeria is categorised as permissive21

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Nigeria is the Firearms Act22 and Firearms Regulations23

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Nigeria are regulated by the President24

Compare
Right to Possess Firearms

In Nigeria, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law25

Compare
Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Nigeria, civilians are not allowed to possess machine-guns, military rifles and handguns26 27

Compare
Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Nigeria, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited26 27

Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Nigeria, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited28 29

Compare
Regulation of Handguns

In Nigeria, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited26 27

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing

In Nigeria, only licensed gun owners28 27 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Nigeria are not required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm30 31

Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Nigeria is 17 years25

Compare
Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Nigeria must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental and addiction25 records

Compare
Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Nigeria, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required30 31

Compare
Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Nigeria does not stipulate30 31 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

Compare
Firearm Safety Training

In Nigeria, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required30 31 for a firearm licence

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Nigeria gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 1 year32

Compare
Licensing Records

In Nigeria, authorities maintain a record33 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Nigeria is permitted to possess only that which is prescribed in their licence or permit34

Firearm Registration

Compare
Civilian Gun Registration

In Nigeria, the law requires33 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

Compare
Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Nigeria, licensed firearm dealers are required35 36 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Nigeria, licensed gun makers are required12 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

Compare
State-Owned Firearm Records

In Nigeria, State agencies are required37 38 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

Compare
Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Nigeria, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited39

Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Nigeria, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful39 40

Compare
Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Nigeria, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined30 31

Compare
Regulation of Gun Shows

In Nigeria, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated30 31 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Nigeria include41 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Nigeria include42 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Nigeria include12 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm Marking

In Nigeria, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law12 43 44

Carrying Guns

Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Nigeria, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit30 31

Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Nigeria, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited26 27

Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Nigeria, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 5 years prison45

Compare
Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Nigeria are known to have46 47 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

Compare
Small Arms Destroyed

In Nigeria, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 1,90246 (2002-2003) and 1,46647 (2004)

Compare
Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Nigeria, it is state policy46 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Nigeria adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200648

Economic Community of West African States

In June 2006, as a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Nigeria adopted the ECOWAS Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition and other Related Materials. This stipulates strict controls on the transfer, manufacture, possession and security of small arms and light weapons49

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

At the resumption of the most recent session of the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCCPCJ), a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, Nigeria was listed as an elected member for a three-year term of office50

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Nigeria voted to begin51 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

Compare
United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified52 by Nigeria

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Nigeria committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects53

Compare
UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Nigeria has submitted one or more national reports54 55 on its implementation of the UNPoA

Compare
UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Nigeria, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated56 55

Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Nigeria, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated56 55

Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Nigeria submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent57

Compare
UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated55 by Nigeria to other UN Member States

Compare
UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided55 to Nigeria by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Nigeria has not declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Nigeria has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196058

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list59 Nigeria as a Participating State
Last Updated on 9 February 2012

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Dowdney, Luke.2006.‘Unregistered Handgun Owners.’ Neither War nor Peace: International comparisons of children and youth in organised armed violence.Rio de Janeiro:Children and Youth in Organised Armed Violence / COAV,1 January. (Q2936)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Nigeria.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4309)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

7.

Centre for Law Enforcement Education.2004.‘Murder 1994 – 2008.’ Summary of Crime Statistics in Nigeria from 1994-2008.Abuja:Centre for Law Enforcement Education Foundation (CLEEN),1 January. (Q2473)Full Citation

8.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

9.

Centre for Law Enforcement Education.2004.‘Suicide 1994 – 2008.’ Summary of Crime Statistics in Nigeria from 1994-2008.Abuja:Centre for Law Enforcement Education Foundation (CLEEN),1 January. (Q2474)Full Citation

10.

Nigeria.1990.‘Manufacture and Repair of Arms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2204)Full Citation

11.

Nigeria.1990.‘Muzzle-Loading Firearms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2200)Full Citation

12.

Nigeria.1990.‘Manufacture and Repair of Firearms.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2190)Full Citation

13.

Nigeria.1990.‘Import and Export.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2207)Full Citation

14.

Nigeria.1990.‘Import and Export.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2205)Full Citation

15.

Nigeria.1990.‘Import and Export.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2206)Full Citation

16.

Nigeria.1990.‘Import and Export.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2191)Full Citation

17.

Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

18.

Best, Shedrack Gaya and Dimieari Von Kemedi. In: Florquin and Berman, Eds.2005.‘Armed Groups and Conflict in Rivers and Plateau States, Nigeria – Small Arms Availability and Sources.’ Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 May. (Q5100)Full Citation

19.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

20.

Nigeria.2008.‘National Level Implementation.’ National Report of Nigeria on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations,1 March. (Q4348)Full Citation

21.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

22.

Nigeria.1990.‘Firearms Act.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2183)Full Citation

23.

Nigeria.1990.‘Firearms Regulations.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2189)Full Citation

24.

Nigeria.1990.‘Regulations and Other Powers.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2202)Full Citation

25.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2188)Full Citation

26.

Nigeria.1990.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2186)Full Citation

27.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2185)Full Citation

28.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2187)Full Citation

29.

Nigeria.1990.‘Personal Firearms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2201)Full Citation

30.

Nigeria.1990.‘Firearms Act.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q4344)Full Citation

31.

Nigeria.1990.‘Firearms Regulations.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q4345)Full Citation

32.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing etc.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2196)Full Citation

33.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing etc.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2195)Full Citation

34.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2198)Full Citation

35.

Nigeria.1990.‘Sale and Transfer.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2193)Full Citation

36.

Nigeria.1990.‘Sale and Transfer.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2211)Full Citation

37.

Nigeria.1990.‘Public Armouries.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q4350)Full Citation

38.

Nigeria.1990.‘Prohibited Firearms.’ Schedule (Sections 2, 3-5, 9, 24-26, 34), under Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q4351)Full Citation

39.

Nigeria.1990.‘Sale and Transfer.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2209)Full Citation

40.

Nigeria.1990.‘Sale and Transfer.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2194)Full Citation

41.

Nigeria.1990.‘Public Armouries.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2212)Full Citation

42.

Nigeria.1990.‘Sale and Transfer.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2192)Full Citation

43.

Nigeria.1990.‘Licensing etc.’ Firearms Regulations, Under Section 33 , Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2197)Full Citation

44.

Nigeria.1990.‘Sale and Transfer.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2208)Full Citation

45.

Nigeria.1990.‘Enforcement of Act.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 146, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.Abuja:Federal Republic of Nigeria,1 January. (Q2203)Full Citation

46.

Nigeria.2005.‘Collection and Disposal.’ National Report of Nigeria on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations,1 March. (Q2386)Full Citation

47.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Government Seizure and Destruction Information for 49 Countries.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,9 July. (Q2940)Full Citation

48.

African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

49.

ECOWAS / UNODA.2006.‘Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition and other Related Materials.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Economic Community of West African States Secretariat / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 June. (Q3219)Full Citation

50.

UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation

51.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

52.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

53.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

54.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

55.

UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

56.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

57.

Nigeria.2008.‘International Cooperation and Assistance.’ National Report of Nigeria on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations,1 March. (Q2385)Full Citation

58.

UN.2009.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,11 May. (Q290)Full Citation

59.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation