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New Zealand — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in New Zealand is 925,0001 to 1,200,0002. In the absence of registration for most firearms, only an approximation is possible

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in New Zealand is estimated to be 22.61 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, New Zealand ranked at No. 543

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, New Zealand ranked at No. 221

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in New Zealand is reported to be 223,0004

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners in New Zealand is 5.255 per 100 people

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in New Zealand is reported to be 43,8004. Of these, approximately 36,000 are privately owned pistols and revolvers, and 7,800 are military-style semi-automatic weapons (MSSAs)4

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in New Zealand is 1.035

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In New Zealand, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 460,0006. In the absence of registration for most rifles, only an approximation is possible

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In New Zealand, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 300,0006. In the absence of registration for most shotguns, only an approximation is possible

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 36,0004 registered handguns in civilian possession in New Zealand

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of New Zealand are reported to have 41,7377 firearms

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Routine Arming of Police

In New Zealand, police officers on routine patrol do not carry a firearm8

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in New Zealand are reported to have 1,8009 to 2,00010 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn New Zealand, annual homicides by any means total

2009: 13411 12
2008: 111
2007: 5613 12
2006: 61
2005: 69
2004: 51
2003: 58
2002: 67
2001: 50
2000: 57
1999: 51
1998: 60
1997: 68
1996: 61
1995: 55
1994: 6513
1993: 54
1992: 76
1991: 69
1990: 76
1989: 75
1988: 62

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 3.185 12
2008: 1.3014 12
2007: 1.3013 12
2006: 1.50
2005: 1.70
2004: 1.20
2003: 1.40
2002: 1.70
2001: 1.30
2000: 1.50
1999: 1.30
1998: 1.60
1997: 1.80
1996: 1.60
1995: 1.50
1994: 1.8013
1993: 1.50
1992: 2.20
1991: 2.00
1990: 2.20
1989: 2.20
1988: 1.80

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn New Zealand, annual firearm homicides total

2009: 1115
2008: 715 12
2007: 5
2006: 716 12
2005: 9
2004: 616
2003: 6
2002: 816 12
2001: 7
2000: 7
1999: 6
1998: 4
1997: 12
1996: 9
1995: 8
1994: 1616
1993: 6
1992: 15
1991: 12
1990: 23
1989: 15
1988: 22

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 0.265
2008: 0.175 12
2007: 0.12
2006: 0.2016 12
2005: 0.20
2004: 0.1016
2003: 0.10
2002: 0.2016 12
2001: 0.20
2000: 0.20
1999: 0.20
1998: 0.10
1997: 0.30
1996: 0.20
1995: 0.20
1994: 0.4016
1993: 0.20
1992: 0.40
1991: 0.30
1990: 0.70
1989: 0.40
1988: 0.60

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn New Zealand, annual suicides by any means total

2006: 51017
2005: 510
2004: 501
2003: 515
2002: 472
2001: 511
2000: 455
1999: 507
1998: 563
1997: 563
1996: 540
1995: 535
1994: 508
1993: 447
1992: 495
1991: 470
1990: 455
1989: 454
1988: 496

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2006: 12.218
2005: 12.3
2004: 12.3
2003: 12.8
2002: 12.0
2001: 13.2
2000: 11.8
1999: 13.2
1998: 15.8
1997: 14.9
1996: 14.5
1995: 14.6
1994: 14.0
1993: 12.5
1992: 14.0
1991: 13.4
1990: 13.2
1989: 13.3
1988: 14.6

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn New Zealand, annual firearm suicides total

2007: 4719
2006: 48
2005: 44
2004: 38
2003: 41
2002: 49
2001: 51
2000: 36
1999: 47
1998: 72
1997: 56
1996: 4620
1995: 65
1994: 70
1993: 71
1992: 91
1991: 84
1990: 73
1989: 63
1988: 103

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2007: 1.145
2006: 1.121
2005: 1.1
2004: 0.9
2003: 1.0
2002: 1.2
2001: 1.3
2000: 1.0
1999: 1.1
1998: 1.822
1997: 1.5
1996: 1.2
1995: 1.8
1994: 1.9
1993: 2.123
1992: 2.6
1991: 2.4
1990: 2.1
1989: 1.8
1988: 3.0

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn New Zealand, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2006: 224
2005: 2
2004: 2
2003: 7
2002: 1
2001: 3
2000: 4
1999: 1
1998: 622
1997: 0
1996: 6
1995: 4
1994: 4
1993: 3
1992: 9
1991: 9
1990: 7
1989: 7
1988: 17

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2006: 0.055
2005: 0.05
2004: 0.05
2003: 0.2024
2002: 0.035
2001: 0.08
2000: 0.11
1999: 0.03
1998: 0.1522
1996: 0.20
1993: 0.0925
1992: 0.30
1991: 0.30
1990: 0.20
1989: 0.20
1988: 0.50

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

ChartIn New Zealand, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2006: 026
2005: 1
2004: 1
2003: 1
2002: 0
2001: 0
2000: 4
1999: 0
1998: 2
1997: 3
1996: 2
1995: 2
1994: 0
1993: 10
1992: 6

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn New Zealand, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2006: 0.005
2005: 0.02
2004: 0.02
2003: 0.03
2002: 0.00
2001: 0.00
2000: 0.11
1999: 0.00
1998: 0.0522
1997: 0.085
1996: 0.05
1995: 0.05
1994: 0.00
1993: 0.2627
1992: 0.175

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In New Zealand, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence28

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, New Zealand is ranked 'small'29 28

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Regulation of Firearm Exports

In New Zealand, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 30 31

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from New Zealand is reported to be US$3,556,66432 (2011)

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, New Zealand is categorized as 'minor'33

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Regulation of Firearm Imports

In New Zealand, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to New Zealand is reported to be US$3,807,60332 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in New Zealand is low41 42 43 44

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In New Zealand, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law45

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in New Zealand include30 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in New Zealand is categorised as restrictive46

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in New Zealand includes the Arms Act 1983,47 the Arms Amendment Act 1992,48 the Arms Regulations 1992,49 and the Customs Export Prohibition Order30

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in New Zealand are regulated by the Commissioner of Police50 9

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Right to Possess Firearms

In New Zealand, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law51 52

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In New Zealand, civilians are not allowed to possess handguns, military-style semi-automatic weapons or fully automatic firearms without a permit to purchase and a relevant firearm licence endorsement53 54 55 56 57 58 59

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In New Zealand, private possession of fully automatic weapons is restricted to police-approved licensed gun owners with a ‘collector' licence endorsement.53 55 56 Each automatic or restricted weapon must be registered to its owner, and disabled when not in use60

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In New Zealand, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is restricted to police-approved licensed gun owners with a Military-Style Semi Automatic (MSSA) licence endorsement.61 54 53 56 57 58 Each MSSA must be registered to its owner and securely stored when not in use60

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Regulation of Handguns

In New Zealand, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is restricted to police-approved licensed gun owners with a ‘pistol’ licence endorsement.55 54 53 62 57 58 Each handgun must be registered to its owner and securely stored60

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Gun Owner Licensing

In New Zealand, only licensed gun owners57 63 53 64 65 66 58 55 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in New Zealand are not legally required to prove genuine reason to possess a standard hunting or sports shooting firearm, but specific reasoning is required for special licence endorsements for pistols, restricted firearms, and Military Style Semi-Automatic weapons, including sports shooting, hunting, and collection.65 59 Owning a firearm for self-defence is specifically excluded, and prohibited52

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in New Zealand is 16 years,53 67 63 18 years for military style semi-automatic firearms,61 and any age while shooting an unrestricted firearm (shotgun, rifle, or airgun) under the immediate supervision of an appropriately qualified licence holder68

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in New Zealand must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, medical, addiction and domestic violence69 70 71 57 58 72 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In New Zealand, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required69 57 58 73 74

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Partner to be Advised or Interviewed

In New Zealand, licensing authorities are required69 57 to conduct interviews with, or to advise an applicant's spouse, partner, or next of kin before issuing a gun licence

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in New Zealand stipulates70 75 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In New Zealand, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required76 77 78 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In New Zealand gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 10 years79 80

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Licensing Records

In New Zealand, authorities maintain a record58 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in New Zealand are permitted to possess any number of sporting type shotguns or rifles81

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in New Zealand is permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition82 83 84

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In New Zealand, the law for only handguns, military-style semi-automatic and restricted firearms requires38 57 58 85 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In New Zealand, licensed firearm dealers are required86 87 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm in a private sale in New Zealand is not obliged88 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In New Zealand, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted with a valid firearms licence89 88

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In New Zealand, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful90 91 65

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Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In New Zealand, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to 1 pistol, military style semi-automatic firearm, or restricted firearm per acquisition permit54 92

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In New Zealand, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined82 83 84

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In New Zealand, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated93 94 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in New Zealand include69 60 57 58 95 96 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in New Zealand include97 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in New Zealand do not include82 83 84 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in New Zealand include98 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In New Zealand, a unique identifying mark on each firearm only in the handgun, military-style semi-automatic and restricted weapon categories is required by law99 100 28 101 102

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Firearm Tracing

In New Zealand, state authorities do not carry out82 83 84 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In New Zealand, state authorities do not employ82 83 84 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In New Zealand, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited103 104 105

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In New Zealand, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is prohibited104 105 103

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In New Zealand, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 3 months to 3 years prison and/or a fine53 106 63

Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In New Zealand, it is state policy107 78 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Pacific Islands Forum

As a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, New Zealand adopted the March, 2000 Nadi Framework agreement, which aims to harmonise small arm-related legislation across Oceania. In August 2003, the Nadi Framework’s draft model Weapons Control Bill was unanimously accepted for consideration by all 16 member states of the Pacific Islands Forum108 109

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, New Zealand voted to begin110 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed111 by New Zealand

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, New Zealand committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects112

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, New Zealand has submitted one or more national reports113 102 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In New Zealand, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated114 102

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In New Zealand, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated114

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of New Zealand submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent114 102

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated115 116 117 102 by New Zealand to other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, New Zealand has declared3 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, New Zealand has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945118

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists119 New Zealand as a Participating State

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James Ihaka. 2009. ‘Questions Remain on 50,000 Gun Owners.’ New Zealand Herald. 12 May. (N139) Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

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Green, Joe.2010.‘Licences and Endorsements May 2010.’ New Zealand Police Firearm Licensing and Endorsement Data.Wellington:NZ Police Headquarters,24 May. (Q1893)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – New Zealand.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4270)Full Citation

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Alpers, Philip and Conor Twyford.2003.‘Stockpiles and Trafficking in the Pacific: Police Inventories.’ Small Arms in the Pacific.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,31 March. (Q145)Full Citation

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New Zealand.2010.‘Suicide Facts: Deaths and Intentional Self-Harm.’ Ministry of Health.Wellington:NZ Ministry of Health,27 May. (Q1903)Full Citation

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Injury Prevention Research Unit.2010.‘Gun Suicides, New Zealand, 1988 to 2006 – Number.’ National Injury Query System / NIQS.Dunedin:Injury Prevention Research Unit, Otago University School of Medicine,21 October. (Q3039)Full Citation

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35.

New Zealand.2008.‘Offence to Import Firearms or Parts of Firearms Without Permit.’ Arms Act 1983 No. 44.Wellington:Parliamentary Counsel Office,1 October. (Q1145)Full Citation

36.

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Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

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