Regions Americas North America United States New York

New York — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

For US national statistics, federal law, inter-country comparisons and international agreements, see the United States country page

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Proportion of Adults Living in a Home With a Gun

ChartIn New York, the percentage of adults living in a household with a firearm is reported to be

2004: 19.0%¹
2002: 18.1%²
2001: 18.0%³

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Proportion of Households with Firearms

In New York, the percentage of households with one or more guns is reported to be

2004: 20.19%⁴

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Proportion of Households with Firearms by Decade

ChartIn New York, the percentage of households with one or more guns is estimated to be

2001/2010: 33.0%⁵ ⁶
1991/2000: 38.0%
1981/1990: 37.3%

ImpactsDeath and InjuryCompare
Total Number of Gun DeathsChartIn New York, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 

8757
863
977
997
1,011
958
963
985
1,002
1,019
951
1,034
994
1,068
1,093
1,016 
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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

4.437
4.38
4.98
5.11
5.22
4.96
5.01
5.15
5.24
5.33
4.96
5.39
5.19
5.60
5.76
5.38
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Homicides (any method)ChartIn New York, annual homicides by any means total 

6867
730
830
898
840
882
840
962
901
860
963
929
2,818
991
969 
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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New York, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

3.497
3.73
4.26
4.63
4.35
4.59
4.39
5.04
4.71
4.49
5.02
4.85
14.77
5.22
5.13
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Gun HomicidesChartIn New York, annual firearm homicides total 

3807
436
466
527
505
508
522
570
515
516
589
550
583
602
540 
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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 

1.937
2.23
2.39
2.72
2.62
2.64
2.98
2.98
2.69
2.69
3.07
2.87
3.06
3.17
2.86
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Handgun HomicidesChartIn New York, according to figures8 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), annual handgun homicides total 

2909 10
358
394
135
117
107
113
308
428
419
490
463
489
522
449
473
346
125
916 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, according to figures11 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

1.4712
1.83
2.02
0.70
0.61
0.56
0.59
1.61
2.24
2.19
2.56
2.42
2.56
2.75
2.38
2.52
1.85
0.67
4.94
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Handgun Homicides (CDC)ChartIn New York, according to figures8 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), annual handgun homicides total 

0 (suppressed)13 10
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed) 
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Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn New York, according to figures11 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the annual rate of handgun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13 10
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Long Gun HomicidesChartIn New York, according to figures14 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), annual long gun homicides total 

239 10
17
21
18
21
22
21
22
20
35
23
36
37
38
36
43
54
31
69 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, according to figures15 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1212
0.09
0.11
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.10
0.18
0.12
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.23
0.29
0.17
0.37
Compare
Long Gun Homicides (CDC)ChartIn New York, according to figures14 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), annual long gun homicides total 

2713 10
15
20
19
24
32
20
20
16
22
19
21
27
27
21 
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Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn New York, according to figures15 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the annual rate of long gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1413 10
0.00 (unreliable)
0.10
0.00 (unreliable)
0.12
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.00 (unreliable)
0.11
0.00 (unreliable)
0.11
0.14
0.14
0.11
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Gun Homicides (Other)ChartIn New York, according to figures16 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), annual firearm homicides (other) total 

499 10
32
30
364
343
336
366
70
52
46
32
7
6
3
2
5
8
12
27 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, according to figures17 from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the annual rate of firearm homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.2512
0.16
0.15
1.88
1.78
1.75
1.91
0.37
0.27
0.24
0.17
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.15
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Gun Homicides (Other) (CDC)ChartIn New York, according to figures16 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), annual firearm homicides (other) total 

34413 10
418
440
501
476
471
500
545
492
490
567
527
553
572
516 
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Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People (CDC)ChartIn New York, according to figures17 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the annual rate of firearm homicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

1.7513 10
2.14
2.26
2.59
2.47
2.45
2.61
2.85
2.57
2.56
2.96
2.75
2.90
3.01
2.73
Compare
Suicides (any method)ChartIn New York, annual suicides by any means total 

1,6877
1,708
1,658
1,547
1,417
1,409
1,396
1,326
1,189
1,187
1,169
1,228
1,253
1,132
1,196 
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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)ChartIn New York, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is 

8.587
8.72
8.50
7.98
7.34
7.33
7.30
6.94
6.21
6.19
6.10
6.42
6.57
5.97
6.33
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Gun SuicidesChartIn New York, annual firearm suicides total 

4657
516
505
459
422
429
441
412
456
401
412
411
453
450
439 
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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 

2.377
2.64
2.59
2.37
2.19
2.23
2.30
2.16
2.38
2.09
2.15
2.15
2.37
2.37
2.32
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Handgun SuicidesChartIn New York, annual handgun suicides total 

2913
21
20
11
15
12
0 (suppressed)
20
18
10
11
0 (suppressed)
10
10
0 (suppressed) 
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Rate of Handgun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of handgun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.1513
0.11
0.10
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.10
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Long Gun SuicidesChartIn New York, the number of long gun suicides is 

11513
147
146
130
125
106
117
101
116
112
97
103
101
108
113 
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Rate of Long Gun Suicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of long gun suicide per 100,000 population is 

0.5913
0.75
0.75
0.67
0.65
0.55
0.61
0.53
0.61
0.58
0.51
0.54
0.53
0.57
0.60
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Gun Suicides (Other)ChartIn New York, annual gun suicides (other) total 

32113
348
339
318
282
311
317
291
322
279
304
305
342
332
319 
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Rate of Gun Suicide (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of gun suicide (other) per 100,000 population is 

1.6313
1.78
1.74
1.64
1.46
1.62
1.66
1.52
1.68
1.46
1.59
1.59
1.79
1.75
1.69
Compare
Unintentional Gun DeathsChartIn New York, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 

0 (suppressed)7
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
13
12
11
8
12
33
22
22
16
21
23
23 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)7
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.17
0.11
0.11
0.08
0.11
0.12
0.12
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Unintentional Handgun DeathsChartIn New York, annual unintentional shooting deaths by handgun total 

0 (suppressed)13
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed) 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Handgun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by handgun per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Unintentional Long Gun DeathsChartIn New York, annual unintentional shooting deaths by long gun total 

0 (suppressed)13
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed) 
Compare
Rate of Unintentional Long Gun Death per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by long gun per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Unintentional Gun Deaths (Other)ChartIn New York, annual unintentional shooting deaths by firearm (other) total 

0 (suppressed)13
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
10
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
11
31
16
18
13
13
19
17 
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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death (Other) per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death by firearm (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.16
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn New York, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 

0 (suppressed)7
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
4
2
6
4
2
4
2
6
6 
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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)7
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
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Handgun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn New York, annual deaths by handgun in which the cause remains undecided total 

0 (suppressed)13
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed) 
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Rate of Handgun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unknown-cause handgun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Long Gun Deaths from Undetermined CauseChartIn New York, annual deaths by long gun in which the cause remains undecided total 

0 (suppressed)13
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed) 
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Rate of Long Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unknown-cause long gun deaths per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Gun Deaths (Other) from Undetermined CauseChartIn New York, annual deaths by firearm (other) in which the cause remains undecided total 

0 (suppressed)13
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed)
0 (suppressed) 
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Rate of Gun Death (Other) from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of unknown-cause gun deaths (other) per 100,000 population is 

0.00 (unreliable)13
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
0.00 (unreliable)
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Justifiable Gun HomicidesChartIn New York, annual legal-intervention gun homicides total 

018
0
0
019
0
16
13
21
27
18
1720
26
18
27
31
36
43 
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Rate of Justifiable Gun Homicide per 100,000 PeopleChartIn New York, the annual rate of justifiable gun homicide per 100,000 population is 

0.0012
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.07
0.11
0.14
0.09
0.09
0.14
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.19
0.23

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Origin of Crime Guns

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Suppliers of Crime Guns to Other US States (Rate)

When crime guns seized in the United States were traced, interstate gun traffickers had sourced their weapons from New York at a rate of 2.6²¹ per 100,000 inhabitants

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Suppliers of Crime Guns to Other US States (Rank)

When crime guns seized in the United States were traced, New York ranked at No. 49²¹ out of 51 US jurisdictions as a source of weapons for interstate gun trafficking

MeasuresGun RegulationCompare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding PolicyThe regulation of guns in New York is categorised as restrictive22
Firearm LawGuiding gun control legislation in New York includes the New York Penal Law and the Constitution of New York 193823
Firearm Regulation AuthorityGuns in New York are regulated by the local and state governments (as long as local regulations do not conflict with State law)24 25 26
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Right to Possess FirearmsIn New York, the right to private gun ownership is conditionally guaranteed by the US Constitution,27 as limited by federal law28 and state law29 25 26
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Restricted Firearms and AmmunitionIn New York, civilians are not allowed to possess machine guns,30 assault weapons31 and large capacity ammunition magazines32 with few exceptions, but civilians are allowed to possess .50 calibre rifles33 25 26
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Regulation of Automatic WeaponsIn New York, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited30 34 25 26
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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault WeaponsIn New York, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited with only narrow exemptions31 25 26
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Regulation of HandgunsIn New York, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted with a licence35 36 25 26
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Gun Ownership and PossessionIn New York, only licensed gun owners36 35 37 25 26 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Minimum Age for Firearm PossessionThe minimum age for gun ownership in New York is 16 years, or 21 years for handguns38 25 26
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Gun Owner Background ChecksAn applicant for a firearm licence in New York must pass a background check which considers criminal, addiction, mental health and domestic violence36 35 25 26 records
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Domestic Violence and FirearmsWhere a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in New York stipulates39 25 26 that firearm possession should be denied or revoked
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Firearm Safety TrainingIn New York, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required only in the county of Westchester36 35 25 26
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Gun Owner Licensing PeriodIn New York, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years in New York City and five years in Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester counties, for handguns35 25 26
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Licensing RecordsIn New York, authorities maintain a record (for handgun permits)35 25 26 of individual civilians permitted to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition
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Limit on Number of GunsNon-prohibited persons in New York are permitted to possess only the number of handguns specified on their licence35 25 26
Firearm Registration
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Civilian Gun RegistrationIn New York, the law requires for assault weapons and handguns only40 25 26 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register
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Gun Dealer Record KeepingIn New York, licensed firearm dealers are required41 25 26 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority
Gun Sales and Transfers
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Regulation of Private Gun SalesIn New York, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited unless conducted by a licensed firearm dealer37 25 26
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Regulation of Dealer Gun SalesIn New York, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful only for handguns, assault weapons and large capacity ammunition42 25 26
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Background Checks for Private Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm in a private sale in New York is obliged37 41 25 26 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Background Checks for Dealer Gun SalesThe buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in New York is obliged41 25 26 to pass official background checks before taking possession
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Limit on Gun Dealer SalesIn New York, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to five every year (handguns, short-barreled shotguns or rifles)43 25 26
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Number of Licensed Gun DealersChartThe number of licensed firearm dealers in New York is reported to be 

2015: 4,08144
2014: 4,18045
2013: 4,13046
2012: 3,92847
2011: 3,77448
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Waiting Period for Gun PossessionIn New York, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined49 25 26
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Regulation of Gun ShowsIn New York, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are regulated50 25 26 in law
Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - PrivateFirearm regulations in New York include51 25 26 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private guns and ammunition
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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - DealerFirearm regulations in New York do not include52 25 26 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers
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Firearm and Ammunition Transport RegulationsRegulations in New York include53 51 25 26 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit
Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition
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Firearm MarkingIn New York, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law54 55 56 57 25 26
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Firearm TracingIn New York, state authorities carry out58 25 26 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures
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Ballistic Record of Firearms and AmmunitionIn New York, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are58 25 26 recorded in a register
Carrying Guns
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Carrying Guns Openly in PublicIn New York, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit (for loaded handguns) and without a permit (for long guns), but prohibited (for a loaded short-barreled shotgun or rifle or an assault weapon)59 25 26
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Carrying Hidden Handguns in PublicIn New York, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit60 25 26
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Hidden Handgun Permit May, or Shall Be IssuedIn New York, local licensing authorities "may issue", with room for discretion,60 61 25 26 a hidden handgun carry permit to any non-prohibited person who applies
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Reciprocity for Hidden Handgun Permit HoldersIn New York, gun owners with a permit to carry hidden handguns issued in another jurisdiction are granted (no statutes currently exist)60 25 26 reciprocal rights
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Exempting Hidden Handgun Permit Holders from Background ChecksIn New York, gun owners with a valid permit to carry a hidden handgun are not exempt60 25 26 from background checks when buying from a licensed gun dealer
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Gun Free ZonesIn New York, private guns are prohibited in state parks, child care facilities, state-operated mental health facilities, New York City (with limited exceptions)62, vehicles53 universities and schools63 25 26
Grading US State Gun Laws
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Gun Law Ranking – LCPGVIn their 'A-F' State Scorecard of US gun laws, the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence ranked New York as ‘A-’64
Gun Law Ranking – Brady CampaignChartIn its annual State Scorecard, the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence scored firearm legislation in New York on a scale of 0 points (weak) to 100 points (strong) 

2011: 6265
2010: 6266
2009: 5067
2008: 5168
2007: 5169
Compare
Gun Law Ranking – Open Society InstituteIn its Comparative Survey of State Firearm Laws, the Open Society Institute ranked New York at No. 870 among 50 US States

Short References

1.: Miller, Matthew, Catherine Barber, Richard A. White and Deborah Azrael.2013.‘Firearms and Suicide in the United States: Is Risk Independent of Underlying Suicidal Behavior?.’ American Journal of Epidemiology.Baltimore, MD:Oxford Journals / Oxford University Press,23 August. (Q8393)Full Citation
2.: Okoro, Catherine A., David E. Nelson, James A. Mercy, Lina S. Balluz, Alex E. Crosby and Ali H. Mokdad.2005.‘Table 1: Prevalence Estimates of Adults With Household Firearms, 2002.’ Prevalence of Household Firearms and Firearm-Storage Practices in the 50 States and the District of Columbia: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002.Elk Grove Village, IL:Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics,1 September. (Q8392)Full Citation
3.: North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics.2002.‘Question: Are any firearms now kept in or around your home? Include those kept in a garage, outdoor storage area, car, truck, or other motor vehicle.’ BRFSS Survey Results 2001 for Nationwide.Atlanta, GA:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System / BRFSS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC,2 September. (Q8391)Full Citation
4.: Azrael, Deborah, Philip J. Cook and Matthew Miller.2004.‘Table AIV: Firearms Prevalence by State Estimated from HICRC and from FS/S.’ State and Local Prevalence of Firearms Ownership Measurement, Structure, and Trends.New York, NY:Journal of Quantitative Criminology,1 March. (Q8325)Full Citation
5.: Siegel, Michael, Craig S. Ross and Charles King III.2013.‘Table A1: Average Gun Ownership Levels (Measured by Percentage of Suicides Committed Using Firearms) by State and Decade.’ The Relationship Between Gun Ownership and Firearm Homicide Rates in the United States, 1981–2010.Washington, DC:American Journal of Public Health,1 November. (Q8324)Full Citation
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11.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Rate of Handgun Homicide per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
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12.: GunPolicy.org.2015.‘Calculated Rates - New York.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,13 July. (Q7205)Full Citation
13.: CDC.2013.‘Underlying Cause of Death, Results.’ CDC WONDER Online Database.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / CDC, National Center for Health Statistics,8 July. (Q6875)Full Citation
14.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Number of Long Gun Homicides.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G143) Full Citation
15.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Rate of Long Gun Homicide per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G156) Full Citation
16.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Number of Gun Homicides (Other).’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G144) Full Citation
17.: GunPolicy.org. 2015. ‘Rate of Gun Homicide (Other) per 100,000 People.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.
Sydney School of Public Health, 15 April. (G157) Full Citation
18.: FBI.2013.‘Supplementary Homicide Report Listing by State 2009-2011 - Justifiable Homicides.’ FBI Supplementary Homicide Report 1995-2011.Washington, DC:US Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program,23 January. (Q6872)Full Citation
19.: FBI.2013.‘Supplementary Homicide Report Listing by State 2002-2008 - Justifiable Homicides.’ FBI Supplementary Homicide Report 1995-2011.Washington, DC:US Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program,23 January. (Q6873)Full Citation
20.: FBI.2013.‘Supplementary Homicide Report Listing by State 1995-2001 - Justifiable Homicides.’ FBI Supplementary Homicide Report 1995-2011.Washington, DC:US Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program,23 January. (Q6874)Full Citation
21.: MAIG.2010.‘Part II: Identifying the Rates at which States "Export" Crime Guns.’ Trace the Guns: The Link between Gun Laws and Interstate Gun Trafficking.New York, NY:Mayors Against Illegal Guns (MAIG),1 September. (Q8321)Full Citation
22.: Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation
23.: State of New York.2013.‘New York Penal Law and Constitution of New York 1938.’ New York State Legislature.Albany, NY:New York State Legislature,16 October. (Q8127)Full Citation
24.: State of New York.2012.‘New York Constitution Art. IX, § 2(c), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Local Authority to Regulate Firearms in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7728)Full Citation
25.: Cage, Feilding, Greg Chen and Gabriel Dance.2013.‘Gun Laws in the US, State by State - Interactive.’ The Guardian.New York, NY:The Guardian,16 January. (Q7938)Full Citation
26.: Wikipedia.2013.‘Gun Laws in the United States by State.’ Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.San Francisco, CA:Wikimedia Foundation,7 October. (Q7937)Full Citation
27.: USA.1791.‘Second Amendment to the Constitution.’ Constitution of the United States, The Bill of Rights.Washington, DC:Congress of the United States of America,15 December. (Q1954)Full Citation
28.: Scalia, J.2008.‘District of Columbia et al. v. Heller.’ Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.Washington, DC:Supreme Court of the United States,26 June. (Q8502)Full Citation
29.: State of New York.2011.‘New York Civil Rights Law art. II, § 4.’ Firearms Law Database - State Right to Bear Arms in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,18 November. (Q8252)Full Citation
30.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.02(2), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Machine Guns and Automatic Firearms in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q8532)Full Citation
31.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.02(7), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Assault Weapons in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q8572)Full Citation
32.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.00(23), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Large Capacity Ammunition Magazines in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q8653)Full Citation
33.: State of New York.2012.‘Fifty Caliber Rifles in New York.’ Firearms Law Database.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q8613)Full Citation
34.: ATF.2010.‘National Firearms Act (NFA).’ Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives - National Firearms Act Branch.Martinsburg, VA:US Department of Justice,8 July. (Q2036)Full Citation
35.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.00, etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Licensing of Gun Owners and Purchasers in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q8029)Full Citation
36.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 265.01(5), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Prohibited Purchasers Generally in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7286)Full Citation
37.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Art. 39-DDD, § 898, etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Private Sales in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7428)Full Citation
38.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00(1)(a), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Minimum Age to Purchase and Possess in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q6988)Full Citation
39.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 400.00(1), 265.00(17), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Domestic Violence and Firearms in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7038)Full Citation
40.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00(16-a)(a), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Registration of Firearms in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7522)Full Citation
41.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Art. 39-DDD § 898, etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Background Checks in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q6921)Full Citation
42.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.00(9), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Dealer Regulations in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7613)Full Citation
43.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 265.12, etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Multiple Purchases and Sales of Firearms in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7335)Full Citation
44.: USA.2016.‘Federal Firearms Licensees by State 2015.’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2016.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),9 August. (Q13211)Full Citation
45.: USA.2016.‘Federal Firearms Licensees by State 2014.’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2015.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),15 March. (Q13210)Full Citation
46.: USA.2014.‘Federal Firearms Licensees by State 2013.’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2014.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),24 April. (Q13213)Full Citation
47.: USA.2013.‘Federal Firearms Licensees by State 2012.’ ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2013.Washington DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 April. (Q13212)Full Citation
48.: USA.2012.‘Federal Firearms Licensees by State 2011.’ Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2012.Washington, DC:US Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF),1 January. (Q6787)Full Citation
49.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00(4-a), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Waiting Periods in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7143)Full Citation
50.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 895, etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Gun Shows in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,1 January. (Q7976)Full Citation
51.: State of New York.2012.‘New York Gen. Bus. Law § 396-ee(1), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7470)Full Citation
52.: LCPGV.2012.‘Summary of State Laws Regulating Firearms Dealers - Security Measures.’ Firearms Law Database - Dealer Regulations Policy Summary.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,18 May. (Q7549)Full Citation
53.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00(6), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Guns in Vehicles in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,1 January. (Q8171)Full Citation
54.: USA.2012.‘Marking of All SALW at Time of Manufacture.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,3 August. (Q6784)Full Citation
55.: USA.2008.‘Implementing of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1588)Full Citation
56.: USA.2008.‘Implementing of the International Tracing Instrument (ITI).’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,1 January. (Q1590)Full Citation
57.: USA.2007.‘Marking of All SALW at Time of Manufacture.’ National Report of the United States of America on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of the United States to the United Nations,17 July. (Q1593)Full Citation
58.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 396-ff(2), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Microstamping and Ballistic Identification in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7677)Full Citation
59.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 265.03(3), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Open Carrying in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7923)Full Citation
60.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.02(7), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Concealed Weapons Permitting in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7576)Full Citation
61.: LCPGV.2012.‘Summary of State CCW Laws.’ Firearms Law Database - Concealed Weapons Permitting Policy Summary.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,21 May. (Q8684)Full Citation
62.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law § 400.00(7), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Other Location Restrictions in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,1 January. (Q8296)Full Citation
63.: State of New York.2012.‘N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.01(3), etc..’ Firearms Law Database - Guns in Schools in New York.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,3 January. (Q7832)Full Citation
64.: LCPGV.2015.‘Why We Grade the States.’ 2015 Gun Law State Scorecard.San Francisco, CA:Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence,16 December. (Q11396)Full Citation
65.: Brady Campaign.2012.‘State Scorecard 2011.’ State Gun Laws: Find Out Where Your State Ranks in Strong Gun Laws and Learn About Those Laws.Washington, DC:Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence,16 February. (Q6893)Full Citation
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67.: Brady Campaign.2010.‘State Scorecard 2009.’ State Gun Laws: Find Out Where Your State Ranks in Strong Gun Laws and Learn About Those Laws.Washington, DC:Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence,18 February. (Q7052)Full Citation
68.: Brady Campaign.2009.‘State Scorecard 2008.’ State Gun Laws: Find Out Where Your State Ranks in Strong Gun Laws and Learn About Those Laws.Washington, DC:Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence,8 February. (Q7053)Full Citation
69.: Brady Campaign.2008.‘State Scorecard 2007.’ State Gun Laws: Find Out Where Your State Ranks in Strong Gun Laws and Learn About Those Laws.Washington, DC:Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence,31 January. (Q1372)Full Citation
70.: OSI.2000.‘A Comparative Survey of the State Firearm Laws - Chart 1.’ Gun Control in the United States.New York, NY:Open Society Institute,1 April. (Q8316)Full Citation

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