Find Gun Policy Facts

Armed violence prevention, gun control laws and the small arms trade:

Research supported by

Go To ..

Mexico — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

expand all collapse all

StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Mexico is 15,500,0001

Compare
Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Mexico is 15.01 firearms per 100 people

Compare
Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Mexico ranked at No. 72

Compare
Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Mexico ranked at No. 421

Compare
Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Mexico is reported to be 2,824,2313

Compare
Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Mexico is 2.654

Government Guns

Compare
Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Mexico are reported to have 852,1505 firearms

Compare
Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Mexico are reported to have 75,6006 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

Compare
Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, annual homicides by any means total

2010: 24,3747 8
2009: 19,803
2008: 14,006
2007: 8,867
2006: 12,078
2005: 11,181
2004: 11,149
2003: 11,741
2002: 11,598
2001: 11,856
2000: 12,295
1999: 14,186
1998: 15,425
1997: 15,0807 9
1996: 15,956
1995: 16,978
1994: 15,8449
1993: 16,056
1992: 16,605
1991: 15,143
1990: 14,520

Compare
Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2010: 21.57 8
2009: 17.7
2008: 12.7
2007: 8.1
2006: 11.2
2005: 10.5
2004: 10.6
2003: 11.3
2002: 11.3
2001: 11.7
2000: 12.3
1999: 14.4
1998: 15.9
1997: 15.87
1996: 17.0
1995: 18.4
1994: 17.5810

Compare
Gun Homicides

ChartIn Mexico, annual firearm homicides total

2010: 11,3097
2009: 8,804
2008: 5,095
2007: 4,040
2006: 3,53011
2005: 3,212
2004: 2,8587
2003: 3,006
2002: 2,60612
2001: 3,512
2000: 3,58913
1999: 4,390
1998: 3,286
1997: 5,0447

Compare
Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2010: 10.07
2009: 7.97 8
2008: 4.6
2007: 3.7
2006: 6.098 7
2005: 5.51
2004: 2.77 8
2003: 2.9
2002: 6.708 7
2001: 7.21
2000: 7.10
1999: 4.5413 7
1998: 3.45
1997: 5.37
1994: 9.8814

Compare
Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, annual suicides by any means total

2006: 4,26615
2001: 3,75716

Compare
Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2006: 4.0017
2005: 4.10
2001: 3.6316
1994: 2.8918

Compare
Gun Suicides

In Mexico, annual firearm suicides total

2001: 71416

Compare
Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2001: 0.6916
1994: 0.9119

Compare
Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Mexico, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2001: 48416

Compare
Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2001: 0.4716
1994: 1.2720

Compare
Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Mexico, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2001: 816

Compare
Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Mexico, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2001: 0.0116

ProductionGun Industry

Compare
Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Mexico, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence21 22 23 24

Compare
Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Mexico is ranked 'small'25

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Compare
Regulation of Firearm Exports

In Mexico, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 26 27 28 29 30 31

Compare
Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Mexico is reported to be US$22,273,02232 (2011)

Compare
Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Mexico is categorized as 'minor'33

Compare
Regulation of Firearm Imports

In Mexico, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 26 27 34 35 29 30 31 24

Compare
Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Mexico is reported to be US$49,024,99632 (2011)

Compare
Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Mexico is high36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

Compare
Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Mexico is reported to be US$45045

Compare
Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Mexico, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law46 47

Compare
End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Mexico include31 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

Compare
Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

In the most recent survey of state transparency when declaring firearm and ammunition exports, Mexico was ranked number 31 among 49 major small arms exporting nations in 2011, with a score of 9.25 points of a possible total of 2548

MeasuresGun Regulation

Compare
Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Mexico is categorised as restrictive49

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Mexico includes the Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives 200450, the Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives51 and the Articles 160 to 163 of the Penal Code24

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Mexico are regulated by the Ministry of National Defence and the Ministry of the Interior52 53 54

Compare
Right to Possess Firearms

In Mexico, the right to private gun ownership is guaranteed by law55 56

Compare
Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Mexico, civilians are not allowed to possess military grade firearms intended for Army, Navy and Air Force use, including: .357 Magnum revolvers and those greater than .38 calibre, handguns greater than 9mm, rifles and carbines of .223, 7mm, 7.62 and .30 calibres, automatic firearms, or shotguns with barrels shorter than 635mm or greater than 12 gauge57 58 59

Compare
Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Mexico, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited58 57

Compare
Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Mexico, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence60 61 62

Compare
Regulation of Handguns

In Mexico, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence60 61 62, with some exceptions based on manufacturer and calibre57

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing

In Mexico, only licensed gun owners63 64 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Mexico are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, hunting, target shooting, rodeo riding, collection, personal protection, or employment65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

Compare
Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Mexico is 18 years73

Compare
Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Mexico must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, physical and addiction65 71 records

Compare
Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Mexico, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required to carry pistols and revolvers72

Compare
Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Mexico does not stipulate46 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

Compare
Firearm Safety Training

In Mexico, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required46 for a firearm licence

Compare
Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Mexico gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 2 years, for carry permits64

Compare
Licensing Records

In Mexico, authorities maintain a record74 70 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

Compare
Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Mexico are permitted to possess 2 firearms for legitimate defence purposes. To own more than two firearms requires special justification75

Compare
Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Mexico is permitted to possess only 500 cartridges in .22 caliber, 1,000 cartridges for shotguns and 200 cartridges for other arms76 77

Firearm Registration

Compare
Civilian Gun Registration

In Mexico, the law requires78 79 80 81 70 52 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

Compare
Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Mexico, licensed firearm dealers are required82 83 84 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Compare
Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Mexico, licensed gun makers are required85 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

Compare
State-Owned Firearm Records

In Mexico, State agencies are required79 86 81 87 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

Compare
Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Mexico, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited, except in extraordinary cases88 89 72

Compare
Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Mexico, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful84 21 72

Compare
Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In Mexico, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per transaction. To sell individuals more than one gun, dealers must have receive special permission in advance90

Compare
Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Mexico, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined46

Compare
Regulation of Gun Shows

In Mexico, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated46 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Mexico include91 92 93 69 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Mexico include22 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Mexico include94 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

Compare
Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Mexico include95 96 97 98 99 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

Compare
Firearm Marking

In Mexico, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law87 85 100

Compare
Firearm Tracing

In Mexico, state authorities carry out87 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

Compare
Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Mexico, state authorities employ87 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

Compare
Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Mexico, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit65 72 61 71 97

Compare
Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Mexico, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit65 72 61 71 97

Compare
Gun Free Zones

In Mexico, private guns are prohibited in public demonstrations and celebrations and in deliberative assemblies101

Compare
Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Mexico, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 7 years prison102

Compare
Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Mexico are known to have103 104 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

Compare
Small Arms Destroyed

In Mexico, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 28,302103 (2007), and 79,074104 (2009)

Compare
Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Mexico, it is state policy85 105 106 107 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Mexico adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified108 109 by Mexico

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

At the resumption of the most recent session of the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCCPCJ), a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, Mexico was listed as an elected member for a three-year term of office110

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Mexico voted to begin111 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

Compare
United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified112 by Mexico

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Mexico committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects113

Compare
UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Mexico has submitted one or more national reports114 115 on its implementation of the UNPoA

Compare
UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Mexico, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated116 115

Compare
UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Mexico, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated116 115

Compare
UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Mexico submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent115 117

Compare
UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated115 by Mexico to other UN Member States

Compare
UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided115 to Mexico by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Mexico has declared2 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Mexico has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945118

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list119 Mexico as a Participating State

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

3.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Civilian Firearms Legally Registered.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5679)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Mexico.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4263)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2011.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Mexico.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,6 October. (Q6346)Full Citation

8.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

9.

Polanska, Malgorzata.2009.‘Homicides by States and Regions (Homicidios por Entidad Federativa y Regiones ).’ Security and Defence Atlas of Mexico 2009 (Atlas de la Seguridad y la Defensa de México 2009).Mexico City:CASEDE - Security Analysis with Democracy Partnership (Colectivo de Análisis de la Seguridad con Democracia),1 July. (Q5507)Full Citation

10.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1301)Full Citation

11.

UNODC.2008.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Tenth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2005-2006).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q10)Full Citation

12.

UNODC.2005.‘Recorded Homicide and Firearm Homicide in 53 Countries, Completed or Attempted.’ Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001-2002).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,15 April. (Q1077)Full Citation

13.

UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation

14.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1297)Full Citation

15.

WHO.2010.‘Number of Suicides by Age Group and Gender, Mexico, 2006.’ World Health Organization Mental Health Data.Geneva:World Health Organization,12 September. (Q2468)Full Citation

16.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

17.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation

18.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation

19.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation

20.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation

21.

Mexico.2004.‘Manufacture, Trade, Import, Export and Related Activities – Preliminary Provisions.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2268)Full Citation

22.

Mexico.1972.‘Articles 34 and 35.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4510)Full Citation

23.

Mexico.2003.‘Manufacture, Possession and Storing.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,16 June. (Q2381)Full Citation

24.

Mexico.2010.‘Legislation (Legislación).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3808)Full Citation

25.

Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation

26.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 61.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4516)Full Citation

27.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Import and Export.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2274)Full Citation

28.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Import and Export.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2273)Full Citation

29.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Import and Export.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2276)Full Citation

30.

Mexico.2003.‘Import and Export.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,16 June. (Q2383)Full Citation

31.

Mexico.2010.‘Export Control (Control de las Exportaciones).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3803)Full Citation

32.

Marsh, Nicholas.2013.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,14 February. (Q16)Full Citation

33.

Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation

34.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Import and Export.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2272)Full Citation

35.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Import and Export.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2275)Full Citation

36.

Diaz, Tom.2009.‘The Role of the U.S. Civilian Firearms Market.’ Iron River: Gun Violence and Illegal Firearms Trafficking on the US-Mexico Border.Washington DC:Violence Policy Center,1 April. (Q5322)Full Citation

37.

Mayors Against Illegal Guns.2010.‘Top Ten Sources of Traced U.S. Guns Recovered in Mexican Crimes.’ The Movement of Illegal Guns Across the US-Mexico Border.Washington DC:Mayors Against Illegal Guns,1 September. (Q5323)Full Citation

38.

USGAO.2009.‘Results in Brief.’ Firearms Trafficking: U.S. Efforts to Combat Arms Trafficking to Mexico Face Planning and Coordination Challenges.Washington DC:United States Government Accountability Office,1 June. (Q5324)Full Citation

39.

Goodman, Colby and Michel Marizco.2010.‘Introduction.’ US Firearms Trafficking to Mexico: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges.San Diego:Trans-Border Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, University of San Diego,1 September. (Q2523)Full Citation

40.

Goodman, Colby and Michel Marizco.2010.‘US Government Actions.’ US Firearms Trafficking to Mexico: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges.San Diego:Trans-Border Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, University of San Diego,1 September. (Q2526)Full Citation

41.

Goodman, Colby and Michel Marizco.2010.‘US Government Actions.’ US Firearms Trafficking to Mexico: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges.San Diego:Trans-Border Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, University of San Diego,1 September. (Q2528)Full Citation

42.

Goodman, Colby and Michel Marizco.2010.‘Types of Firearms Recovered in Mexico.’ US Firearms Trafficking to Mexico: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges.San Diego:Trans-Border Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, University of San Diego,1 September. (Q2530)Full Citation

43.

Goodman, Colby and Michel Marizco.2010.‘Introduction.’ US Firearms Trafficking to Mexico: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges.San Diego:Trans-Border Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, University of San Diego,1 September. (Q2522)Full Citation

44.

Prensa Latina (Havana). 2008. ‘Mexican Army Seizes 4 Tons Weapons.’ 8 February. (N245) Full Citation

45.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

46.

Mexico.2004.‘General Rules.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q4907)Full Citation

47.

Mexico.1972.‘General Rules.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4906)Full Citation

48.

Lazarevic, Jasna.2011.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2011, covering major exporters.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5354)Full Citation

49.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

50.

Mexico.2004.‘General Rules.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2249)Full Citation

51.

Mexico.1972.‘General Rules.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4502)Full Citation

52.

Mexico.2003.‘Registration.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,16 June. (Q2380)Full Citation

53.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 3.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4508)Full Citation

54.

Mexico.2004.‘Cases, Conditions, Requirements and Places for the Carrying of Arms.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2266)Full Citation

55.

Mexico.2004.‘Article 10.’ The Political Constitution of the Mexican United States.Mexico City:National Congress of the United Mexican States / Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas,28 July. (Q2148)Full Citation

56.

Cook, Philip J, Wendy Cukier and Keith Krause.2009.‘Firearms and Firearm Regulation in North America: Mexico.’ The Illicit Firearms Trade in North America.London:Criminology & Criminal Justice,1 August. (Q5321)Full Citation

57.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2287)Full Citation

58.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2252)Full Citation

59.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2256)Full Citation

60.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2253)Full Citation

61.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2254)Full Citation

62.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession of Arms in the Home.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2261)Full Citation

63.

Mexico.2004.‘Cases, Conditions, Requirements and Places for the Carrying of Arms.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2263)Full Citation

64.

Mexico.2004.‘Cases, Conditions, Requirements and Places for the Carrying of Arms.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2264)Full Citation

65.

Mexico.2004.‘Cases, Conditions, Requirements and Places for the Carrying of Arms.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2265)Full Citation

66.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession of Arms in the Home.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2262)Full Citation

67.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession of Arms in the Home.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2258)Full Citation

68.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 9.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4503)Full Citation

69.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 17.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4505)Full Citation

70.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 24.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4513)Full Citation

71.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 25.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4512)Full Citation

72.

Mexico.1931.‘Articles 161 and 163.’ Federal Penal Code (Código Penal Federal).Mexico City:Congress of Mexico,14 August. (Q4958)Full Citation

73.

Mexico.2004.‘Cases, Conditions, Requirements and Places for the Carrying of Arms.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q4905)Full Citation

74.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 13.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4515)Full Citation

75.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 21.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4506)Full Citation

76.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2255)Full Citation

77.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 51.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4509)Full Citation

78.

Mexico.2004.‘General Rules.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2250)Full Citation

79.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession and Carrying.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2251)Full Citation

80.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession of Arms in the Home.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2259)Full Citation

81.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 11.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4504)Full Citation

82.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Control and Monitoring.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2284)Full Citation

83.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 50.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4514)Full Citation

84.

Mexico.2003.‘Controls on the Sale of Firearms.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,16 June. (Q2382)Full Citation

85.

Mexico.2003.‘Marking.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,16 June. (Q2384)Full Citation

86.

Mexico.2004.‘Possession of Arms in the Home.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2260)Full Citation

87.

Mexico.2008.‘Implementation of the International Tracing Instrument.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,31 March. (Q2378)Full Citation

88.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Commercial and Industrial Activities and Operations.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2271)Full Citation

89.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 54.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4507)Full Citation

90.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Commercial and Industrial Activities and Operations.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2270)Full Citation

91.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Storage.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2281)Full Citation

92.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Storage.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2282)Full Citation

93.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Storage.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2283)Full Citation

94.

Mexico.2010.‘Stockpile Management (Gestión de los Arsenales).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3801)Full Citation

95.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Transport.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2278)Full Citation

96.

Mexico.2004.‘Of Transport.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2277)Full Citation

97.

Mexico.1972.‘Articles 29 and 30.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4511)Full Citation

98.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 67.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4518)Full Citation

99.

Mexico.1972.‘Article 68.’ Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives (Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos).Mexico City:Presidency of Mexico,6 May. (Q4517)Full Citation

100.

Mexico.2010.‘Marking (Marcado).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3804)Full Citation

101.

Mexico.2004.‘Cases, Conditions, Requirements and Places for the Carrying of Arms.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2267)Full Citation

102.

Mexico.2004.‘Sanctions.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2285)Full Citation

103.

Mexico.2008.‘Achievements made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action.’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,31 March. (Q2379)Full Citation

104.

Associated Press. 2009. ‘Mexico Begins Destroying Over 79,000 Seized Arms.’ 26 August. (N244) Full Citation

105.

Mexico.2004.‘Sanctions.’ Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives, 2004.Mexico City:Ministry of Parliamentary Services,23 January. (Q2286)Full Citation

106.

Mexico.2010.‘Destruction of Surplus Firearms Owned by the State (Eliminación de los Excedentes de Armas Ligeras en Poder del Estado).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3802)Full Citation

107.

Mexico.2010.‘Disarmament (Desarme).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3805)Full Citation

108.

OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation

109.

OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation

110.

UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation

111.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

112.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

113.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

114.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

115.

UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

116.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

117.

Mexico.2010.‘Civil Society Cooperation (Cooperación con la Sociedad Civil).’ National Report of Mexico on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations,1 January. (Q3807)Full Citation

118.

UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

119.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation