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Mexico — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Mexico is 15,500,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Mexico is 15.02 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Mexico ranked at No. 71

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Mexico ranked at No. 422

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Mexico is reported to be 2,824,2313

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Mexico is 2.654

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Mexico are reported to have 852,1505 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Mexico are reported to have 75,6006 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, annual homicides by any means total

2010: 19,7697
2009: 16,117
2008: 13,193
2007: 10,253
2006: 11,775
2005: 11,255
2004: 11,658
2003: 12,676
2002: 13,144
2001: 13,855
2000: 13,849
1999: 14,6198
1998: 14,216
1997: 13,5629
1996: 14,508
1995: 15,625
1994: 15,844
1993: 16,056
1992: 16,605
1991: 15,143
1990: 14,520

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2010: 17.867
2009: 14.71
2008: 12.16
2007: 9.55
2006: 11.09
2005: 10.72
2004: 11.23
2003: 12.35
2002: 12.95
2001: 13.82
2000: 13.99
1999: 15.138
1998: 14.93
1994: 17.5810

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Number of Gun Homicides

ChartIn Mexico, annual firearm homicides total

2006: 3,53011
2005: 3,212
2002: 2,60612
2001: 3,512
2000: 3,5898
1999: 4,390
1998: 3,286

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 9.797
2008: 7.63
2007: 5.43
2006: 6.09
2005: 5.51
2004: 5.69
2003: 6.27
2002: 6.70
2001: 7.21
2000: 7.10
1999: 4.548
1998: 3.45
1994: 9.8813

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Number of Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, annual suicides by any means total

2006: 4,26614
2001: 3,75715

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2006: 4.0016
2005: 4.10
2001: 3.6315
1994: 2.8917

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Number of Gun Suicides

In Mexico, annual firearm suicides total

2001: 71415

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2001: 0.6915
1994: 0.9118

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Number of Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Mexico, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2001: 48415

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Mexico, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2001: 0.4715
1994: 1.2719

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Mexico, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2001: 815

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Mexico, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2001: 0.0115

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In Mexico, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence20 21 22 23

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Mexico is ranked 'small'24

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Mexico, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 25 26 27 28 29 30

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Mexico is reported to be US$20,607,68731 (2009)

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Mexico is categorized as 'minor'32

Import Control

In Mexico, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 25 26 33 34 28 29 30 23

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Mexico is reported to be US$49,124,74431 (2009)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Mexico is high35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Mexico is reported to be US$45044

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Mexico, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law45 46

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Mexico include30 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

In the most recent survey of state transparency when declaring firearm and ammunition exports, Mexico was ranked number 31 among 49 major small arms exporting nations in 2011, with a score of 9.25 points of a possible total of 2547

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Mexico is categorised as restrictive48

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Mexico is the Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives 200449, the Regulation of the Federal Firearms Law and Explosives50 and the Articles 160 to 163 of the Penal Code23

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Mexico are regulated by the Ministry of National Defence and the Ministry of the Interior51 52 53

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Mexico, the right to private gun ownership is guaranteed by law54 55

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Mexico, civilians are not allowed to possess military grade firearms intended for Army, Navy and Air Force use, including: .357 Magnum revolvers and those greater than .38 calibre, handguns greater than 9mm, rifles and carbines of .223, 7mm, 7.62 and .30 calibres, automatic firearms, or shotguns with barrels shorter than 635mm or greater than 12 gauge56 57 58

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Mexico, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited57 56

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Mexico, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence59 60 61

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Regulation of Handguns

In Mexico, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence59 60 61, with some exceptions based on manufacturer and calibre56

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Mexico, only licensed gun owners62 63 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Mexico are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, hunting, target shooting, rodeo riding, collection, personal protection, or employment64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Mexico is 18 years72

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Mexico must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, physical and addiction64 70 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Mexico, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are required to carry pistols and revolvers71

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Mexico does not stipulate45 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Mexico, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required45 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Mexico gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 2 years, for carry permits63

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Licensing Records

In Mexico, authorities maintain a record73 69 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Mexico are permitted to possess 2 firearms for legitimate defence purposes. To own more than two firearms requires special justification74

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Mexico is permitted to possess only 500 cartridges in .22 caliber, 1,000 cartridges for shotguns and 200 cartridges for other arms75 76

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Mexico, the law requires77 78 79 80 69 51 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Mexico, licensed firearm dealers are required81 82 83 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Mexico, licensed gun makers are required84 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Mexico, State agencies are required78 85 80 86 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Mexico, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited, except in extraordinary cases87 88 71

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Mexico, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful83 20 71

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Limit on Gun Dealer Sales

In Mexico, the number and type of firearms which can be sold by a licensed gun dealer to a single gun owner is limited to one firearm per transaction. To sell individuals more than one gun, dealers must have receive special permission in advance89

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Mexico, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined45

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Mexico, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated45 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Mexico include90 91 92 68 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Mexico include21 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Mexico include93 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Mexico include94 95 96 97 98 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Mexico, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law86 84 99

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Firearm Tracing

In Mexico, state authorities carry out86 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Mexico, state authorities employ86 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Mexico, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit64 71 60 70 96

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Mexico, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit64 71 60 70 96

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Gun Free Zones

In Mexico, private guns are prohibited in public demonstrations and celebrations and in deliberative assemblies100

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Mexico, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 7 years prison101

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Mexico are known to have102 103 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Mexico, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 28,302102 (2007), and 79,074103 (2009)

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Mexico, it is state policy84 104 105 106 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Mexico adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified107 108 by Mexico

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

At the resumption of the most recent session of the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCCPCJ), a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, Mexico was listed as an elected member for a three-year term of office109

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Mexico voted to begin110 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified111 by Mexico

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Mexico committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects112

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Mexico has submitted one or more national reports113 114 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Mexico, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated115 114

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Mexico, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated115 114

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Mexico submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent114 116

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated114 by Mexico to other UN Member States

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UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided114 to Mexico by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Mexico has declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Mexico has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945117

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list118 Mexico as a Participating State
Last Updated on 30 January 2012

Short References

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