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Japan — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Japan is 710,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) in Japan is 0.61 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Japan, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 40,5392

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Japan, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 325,1362

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 773 handguns in civilian possession in Japan

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Japan ranked at No. 644

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Japan ranked at No. 1641

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

ChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Japan is reported to be

2011: 271,0005
2010: 320,0006

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Japan is

2011: 0.217
2010: 0.25

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Japan is reported to be 413,0961

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered guns per 100 people in Japan is 0.327

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Japan are reported to have 737,5008 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Japan are reported to have 250,0009 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

ChartIn Japan, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2014: 610
2007: 225
2006: 2

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2014: 0.007
2007: 0.02
2006: 0.00

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Japan, annual homicides by any means total

2012: 1,02011
2011: 44212 13
2010: 465
2009: 506
2008: 646
2007: 574
2006: 619
2005: 643
2004: 699
2003: 697
2002: 60913
2001: 645
2000: 637
1999: 674
1998: 716
1997: 677
1996: 616
1995: 677

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2012: 0.811
2011: 0.312 13
2010: 0.4
2009: 0.4
2008: 0.512 13 14
2007: 0.5
2006: 0.5
2005: 0.5
2004: 0.6
2003: 0.6
2002: 0.513 14
2001: 0.5
2000: 0.513
1999: 0.5
1998: 0.6
1997: 0.5
1996: 0.5
1995: 0.5
1994: 0.6215

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Japan, annual firearm homicides total

2008: 1113
2002: 4716
2001: 56
1997: 3417
1996: 36
1995: 42

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2008: 0.013
2002: 0.0416
2001: 0.04
1997: 0.0317
1996: 0.03
1995: 0.03
1994: 0.0218

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Proportion of Homicides Committed With a Gun

ChartIn Japan, the percentage of homicides committed with a firearm is reported to be

2012: 2%11
2008: 1.8%13
2002: 6.0%
2001: 7.2%
1997: 4.5%
1996: 5.0%
1995: 5.5%

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Suicides (any method)

In Japan, annual suicides by any means total

1997: 23,50219

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

1997: 18.4119
1994: 16.7220

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Gun Suicides

In Japan, annual firearm suicides total

1999: 4719

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

1999: 0.0419
1994: 0.0421

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Japan, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

1999: 719

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

1999: 0.0119
1994: 0.0022

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Japan, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

1999: 719

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Japan, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

1999: 0.0119
1994: 0.0023

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Japan, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence24

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Japan was ranked 'small'25

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Regulation of Firearm Exports

In Japan, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law26

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Japan is reported by Customs to be US$73,272,05427 (2011)28 29 30

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Japan was categorized as 'major'31 32 33 34

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Regulation of Firearm Imports

In Japan, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law35 36

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Japan is reported by Customs to be US$27,896,88827 (2011)37 38 39 40 41

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Japan is moderate42 3

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Japan, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law43 44

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Japan do not include45 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

ChartIn its annual Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer, the Small Arms Survey compares public reporting among major arms exporting nations on a scale from strong to weak (25 to zero). In recent years, Japan scored

2014: 7.0046
2013: 7.5047
2012: 8.5048
2011: 9.0049
2010: 9.0050
2009: 9.5051
2008: 8.5052
2007: 9.0053
2006: 9.0054
2005: 9.7555
2004: 9.5056

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Japan is categorised as restrictive57

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Japan includes the Firearms and Swords Control Law,58 36 the Ordnance Manufacturing Law,24 the Explosives Control Law,59 60 and the Customs Law35

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Japan are regulated by the Prefectural Public Safety Commission61

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Japan, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law62 63 45

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Japan, civilians are not allowed to possess handguns, hunting guns without specific approval,2 military rifles, machine guns, any gunpowder charged firearm, certain air guns36 and imitation firearms64

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Japan, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited36 65 11

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Japan, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited36 65

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Regulation of Handguns

In Japan, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is prohibited, with the exception of accomplished sports shooters66 36 65 11

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Law Regulates Long Guns

In Japan, civilian possession of rifles and shotguns is regulated by law36 11

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Japan, only licensed gun owners2 67 68 11 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Japan are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example hunting, target shooting (with special permission)2 68

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Japan is 18 years67 68

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Japan must pass a background check which considers criminal and mental health2 67 68 11 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Japan, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required3

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Japan does not stipulate3 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Japan, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required2 67 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Japan, gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every three years67 69

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Japan are permitted to possess any number of firearms70

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Japan are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition45

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Japan, the law requires71 72 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Japan, licensed firearm dealers are required71 72 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Japan, licensed gun makers are required71 72 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Japan, State agencies are required72 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Japan, the private sale and transfer of firearms is prohibited73

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Japan, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful73

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Japan, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined45

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Japan, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated45 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Japan include74 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Japan do not include45 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Japan include74 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Japan do not include45 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Japan, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law72 71

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Firearm Tracing

In Japan, state authorities carry out72 71 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Japan, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not45 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Japan, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited69 11

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Japan, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit69 11

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Japan, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm75 is 15 years in prison36

Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Japan, it is state policy76 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

The UNCCPCJ, a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, lists77 Japan as an elected member

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 200678 by Japan.

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United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

The United Nations Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified79 by Japan

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed, but not yet ratified80 by Japan

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Japan committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects81

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Japan against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 4182 83 84 85 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Japan has submitted one or more national reports86 44 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Japan, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated87 44

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Japan, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated87 44

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Japan submitted to the UN from 2001 to 2010, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities was apparent44 88

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated44 89 by Japan to other UN Member States

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United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Japan has declared90 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Japan has been a Member State of the United Nations since 195691

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists92 Japan as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Japan ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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