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Italy — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Italy is 7,000,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Italy is 11.92 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Italy ranked at No. 151

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Italy ranked at No. 552

Government Guns

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Italy are reported to have 210,1683 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

In Italy, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2007: 7994

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

In Italy, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2007: 1.354

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Italy, annual homicides by any means total

2006: 6255
2005: 610
2004: 7146
2003: 719
2002: 6447
2001: 709
2000: 7468
1999: 805
1998: 876
1997: 9249
1996: 1,001
1995: 1,042

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Italy, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2006: 1.065
2005: 1.04
2004: 1.236
2003: 1.24
2002: 1.127
2001: 1.23
2000: 1.298
1999: 1.40
1998: 1.52
1992: 2.2510

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Number of Gun Homicides

ChartIn Italy, annual firearm homicides total

2008: 24611
2007: 269
2006: 269
2003: 347
2002: 293
2001: 297
2000: 365
1999: 432
1998: 473
1997: 463
1996: 548

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Italy, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2008: 0.4111
2007: 0.45
2006: 0.44
2003: 0.6
2002: 0.51
2001: 0.52
2000: 0.64
1999: 0.76
1998: 0.83
1997: 0.81
1996: 0.96
1992: 1.6612

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Number of Suicides (any method)

In Italy, annual suicides by any means total

1997: 4,69413

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Italy, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

1997: 8.1713
1992: 8.0014

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Number of Gun Suicides

ChartIn Italy, annual firearm suicides total

2008: 47715
2007: 460
2006: 459
2003: 539
2002: 603
2001: 542
2000: 614
1999: 614
1998: 648
1997: 626
1996: 585

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Italy, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2008: 0.815
2007: 0.77
2006: 0.78
2003: 0.94
2002: 1.06
2001: 0.95
2000: 1.08
1999: 1.08
1998: 1.14
1997: 1.1
1996: 1.03
1992: 1.1116

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Number of Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Italy, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2008: 6117
2007: 60
2006: 64
2003: 57
2002: 41
2001: 48
2000: 47
1999: 27
1998: 32
1997: 38
1996: 44

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Italy, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2008: 0.117
2007: 0.1
2006: 0.11
2003: 0.1
2002: 0.07
2001: 0.08
2000: 0.08
1999: 0.05
1998: 0.06
1997: 0.07
1996: 0.08
1992: 0.1118

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Italy, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

1997: 4413

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Italy, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

1997: 0.0813
1992: 0.0619

ProductionGun Industry

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Italy is ranked 'medium'20

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Italy, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 21 22 23 24 25

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Italy is reported to be US$499,824,65826 (2009)27 28

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Italy is categorized as 'mid-level'29 28

Import Control

In Italy, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 21 22 23 24 25

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Italy is reported to be US$87,500,26726 (2009)

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Italy, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law21 30

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Transparency of Small Arms Transfers

In the most recent survey of state transparency when declaring firearm and ammunition exports, Italy was ranked number 12 among 49 major small arms exporting nations in 2011, with a score of 15.25 points of a possible total of 2531

MeasuresGun Regulation

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Italy is the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons,32 33 and the Convention of 1 July 1969 on Reciprocal Recognition of Proofmarks on Small Arms34

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Italy are regulated by the European Commission33

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Italy, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, firearms disguised as other objects, and armour-piercing, incendiary and expanding ammunition35 36

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Italy, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited35 36

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Italy, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted only with special authorisation37 38 36

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Regulation of Handguns

In Italy, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted only with special authorisation35 37 38 36

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Italy, only licensed gun owners39 35 37 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Italy are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, self-defence, hunting, sport, work or performance of duties, as well as collection40

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Italy is 18 years40

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Italy must pass background checks which consider criminal and mental40 records

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Italy is permitted to possess only ammunition suitable for the intended firearm41

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Italy, the law requires42 43 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Italy, licensed firearm dealers are required42 44 43 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Italy, licensed gun makers are required42 44 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Italy, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful45 38

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Italy, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law46 47

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Firearm Tracing

In Italy, state authorities carry out42 47 43 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

European Union

As a member of the European Union, Italy is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament48 49

European Union Export Reporting

Under the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Italy is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Italy has submitted one or more national reports50 on its arms transfers

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Italy voted to begin51 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified52 by Italy

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Italy committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects53

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Italy has submitted one or more national reports54 55 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Italy, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated56 55

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Italy, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated56 55

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Italy submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent55

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated55 by Italy to other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Italy has declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Italy has been a Member State of the United Nations since 195557

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists58 Italy as a Participating State
Last Updated on 17 April 2012

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

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WHO.2011.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Total Firearm Death.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,15 September. (Q5684)Full Citation

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UNODC.2005.‘Recorded Homicide and Firearm Homicide in 53 Countries, Completed or Attempted.’ Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001-2002).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,15 April. (Q1077)Full Citation

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UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation

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Barclay, Gordon, Cynthia Tavares and Arsalaan Siddique.2001.‘Crimes Recorded by Police: Homicide.’ International Comparisons of Criminal Justice Statistics 1999.London:UK Home Office,1 May. (Q2143)Full Citation

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Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1301)Full Citation

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WHO.2012.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Gun Homicide in Italy.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,14 February. (Q6096)Full Citation

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Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1297)Full Citation

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Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation

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WHO.2012.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Gun Suicide in Italy.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,29 February. (Q6151)Full Citation

16.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1298)Full Citation

17.

WHO.2012.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Unintentional Gun Deaths in Italy.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,12 March. (Q6190)Full Citation

18.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation

19.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1300)Full Citation

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Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation

21.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

22.

European Council.1991.‘Article 11.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2414)Full Citation

23.

European Council.1991.‘Article 12.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2415)Full Citation

24.

European Council.1991.‘Article 13.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2416)Full Citation

25.

European Council.1991.‘Article 14.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2417)Full Citation

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Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

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Berman, Eric.2011.‘Small Arms Transfers: Exporting States.’ Weapons and Markets.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,25 October. (Q5982)Full Citation

28.

Herron, Patrick, Jasna Lazarevic, Nic Marsh and Matt Schroeder.2011.‘Top Exporters and Importers of Small Arms in 2008.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5983)Full Citation

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Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation

30.

European Council.1991.‘Article 4b.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2408)Full Citation

31.

Lazarevic, Jasna.2011.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2011, covering major exporters.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5354)Full Citation

32.

European Council.1991.‘European Weapons Directive.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2403)Full Citation

33.

European Council.1991.‘Article 18.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2418)Full Citation

34.

UNGA.1969.‘Reciprocal Recognition of Proof Marks.’ Convention for the Reciprocal Recognition of Proof Marks on Small Arms of July 1, 1969.Brussels:United Nations General Assembly,1 July. (Q5999)Full Citation

35.

European Council.1991.‘Article 6.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2410)Full Citation

36.

European Council.1991.‘Annex 1.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2419)Full Citation

37.

European Council.1991.‘Article 7.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2411)Full Citation

38.

European Council.1991.‘Article 8.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2412)Full Citation

39.

European Council.1991.‘Article 4a.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2407)Full Citation

40.

European Council.1991.‘Article 5.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2409)Full Citation

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European Council.1991.‘Article 10.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2413)Full Citation

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Italy.2010.‘National Marking System Used in Manufacture and/or Import – Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Italy on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Italy to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4557)Full Citation

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Italy.2010.‘National Procedures for Control over Manufacture – Record Keeping.’ National Report of Italy on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Italy to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4558)Full Citation

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46.

Italy.2007.‘National Marking System Used in Manufacture and/or Import – Marking.’ National Report of Italy on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Italy to the United Nations,1 January. (Q4735)Full Citation

47.

European Council.1991.‘Article 4.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2404)Full Citation

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49.

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