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Estonia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Estonia is 123,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Estonia is 9.22 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Estonia ranked at No. 1311

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Estonia ranked at No. 652

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

The number of licensed gun owners in Estonia is reported to be 31,0003

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

The rate of licensed firearm owners in Estonia is 0.824 per 100 people

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Estonia is reported to be 47,0001

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Estonia is 1.124

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Number of Privately Owned Rifles

In Estonia, the number of rifles in civilian possession is reported to be 4,2003

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Number of Privately Owned Shotguns

In Estonia, the number of shotguns in civilian possession is reported to be 28,2003

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Number of Privately Owned Handguns

There are reportedly 10,1003 handguns in civilian possession in Estonia

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Estonia are reported to have 83,5505 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Estonia are reported to have 5,0006 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

In Estonia, annual deaths resulting from firearms total

2009: 387

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

In Estonia, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is

2009: 2.847

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Estonia, annual homicides by any means total

2006: 918
2005: 113
2004: 919
2003: 147
2000: 14310
1999: 157
1998: 196
1997: 17811
1996: 214
1995: 246

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2008: 6.3012
2007: 6.90
2006: 6.798
2005: 8.41
2004: 6.759
2003: 10.96
2000: 10.4510
1999: 11.32
1998: 13.94
1997: 12.2111
1996: 14.60
1995: 16.58
1994: 28.2113

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Number of Gun Homicides

ChartIn Estonia, annual firearm homicides total

2009: 714
2008: 3
2007: 5
2006: 9
2005: 5
2004: 5
2003: 14
2002: 21
2001: 18
2000: 23
1999: 31
1998: 40
1997: 31
1996: 55
1995: 91
1994: 121

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 0.5214
2008: 0.22
2007: 0.37
2006: 0.67
2005: 0.37
2004: 0.37
2003: 1.03
2002: 1.55
2001: 1.32
2000: 1.68
1999: 2.25
1998: 2.89
1997: 2.22
1996: 3.89
1995: 6.33
1994: 8.27

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Number of Suicides (any method)

In Estonia, annual suicides by any means total

1999: 46915

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

1999: 35.4515
1994: 40.9516

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Number of Gun Suicides

ChartIn Estonia, annual firearm suicides total

2009: 2317
2008: 19
2007: 18
2006: 14
2005: 24
2004: 24
2003: 23
2002: 21
2001: 25
2000: 31
1999: 32
1998: 40
1997: 40
1996: 48
1995: 54
1994: 47

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 1.7217
2008: 1.42
2007: 1.34
2006: 1.04
2005: 1.78
2004: 1.78
2003: 1.7
2002: 1.55
2001: 1.83
2000: 2.26
1999: 2.33
1998: 2.89
1997: 2.86
1996: 3.39
1995: 3.76
1994: 3.21

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Number of Unintentional Gun Deaths

ChartIn Estonia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2008: 118
2006: 1
2003: 1
2000: 1
1999: 1
1998: 2
1997: 2
1996: 4
1995: 6
1994: 14

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2008: 0.0718
2006: 0.07
2003: 0.07
2000: 0.07
1999: 0.07
1998: 0.14
1997: 0.14
1996: 0.28
1995: 0.42
1994: 0.9618 19

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Estonia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

2002: 215

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

ChartIn Estonia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

2002: 0.1515
1994: 0.6720

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In Estonia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence, but is not conducted in practice21 22 23 3

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

In Estonia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Estonia is reported to be US$1,158,39533 (2009)

Import Control

In Estonia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 24 25 26 27 34 29 30 31 32

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Estonia is reported to be US$13,958,10933 (2009)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Estonia is moderate3

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Estonia is reported to be US$18035

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Estonia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law36

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Estonia do not include37 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Estonia is categorised as restrictive38

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Estonia is the Weapons Act, 200139, and the Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons40 41

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Estonia are regulated by the Government of the Republic of Estonia and the Minister of Internal Affairs, and the Police,42 43 44 and the European Commission41

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Estonia, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law37

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Estonia, civilians are not allowed to possess smoothbore guns with an overall length of less than 840mm, automatic firearms, military weapons, armour-piercing, explosive, incendiary, or hollow-pointed ammunition, and silencers, laser or night sight devices45 46 47 48 49 50

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Estonia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited45 46 49 50

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Estonia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence45 51 52 50

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Regulation of Handguns

In Estonia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence53 46 49 51 52 50

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Estonia, only licensed gun owners54 55 56 57 58 59 60 49 51 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Estonia are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, hunting, target shooting, collection, personal protection, security, and during filming or performance61 55 62 58 63 64 65

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Estonia is 18 years for sporting and hunting firearms, shotguns, gas and air-powered firearms, and 21 for all other firearms66 58 65

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Estonia must pass background checks which consider criminal, medical, mental, addiction, and military67 68 58 69 70 44 65 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Estonia, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required37

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Estonia does not stipulate37 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Estonia, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required44 71 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Estonia gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 5 years54 72 73

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Licensing Records

In Estonia, authorities maintain a record56 46 74 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Estonia is permitted to possess a limited quantity of ammunition54 75 76

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Estonia, the law requires77 56 78 46 74 48 79 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Estonia, licensed firearm dealers are required80 78 46 74 56 79 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Estonia, licensed gun makers are required80 77 81 78 74 48 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Estonia, State agencies are required43 78 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Estonia, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted82 83

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Estonia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful22 23 84 85 52

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Estonia include86 87 72 88 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Estonia include86 21 84 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Estonia include89 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Estonia include90 91 92 34 28 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Estonia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law93 94

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Firearm Tracing

In Estonia, state authorities carry out94 79 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Estonia, state authorities do not employ37 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Estonia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited95 72

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Estonia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit95 72

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Gun Free Zones

In Estonia, private guns are prohibited in public events96

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Estonia, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is up to 3 years or a fine72

Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Estonia, it is not state policy97 98 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

European Union

As a member of the European Union, Estonia is bound by the provisions of the ‘EU Firearms Directive’ – the 2007 Legislative Resolution on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons of the European Parliament99 100

European Union Export Reporting

Under the European Union Common Position on Arms Exports, Estonia is bound to declare its transfers of military technology and equipment. Independent monitoring provides detailed comparisons of arms export reporting compliance across EU member states, and records that Estonia has submitted one or more national reports101 on its arms transfers

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Estonia voted to begin102 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified103 by Estonia

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Estonia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects104

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Estonia has submitted one or more national reports105 106 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Estonia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated107 106

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Estonia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated107 106

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Estonia submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is not apparent107 106

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been donated106 by Estonia to other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Estonia has not declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Estonia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1991108

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies lists109 Estonia as a Participating State
Last Updated on 14 April 2012

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

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United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

4.

GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Estonia.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4233)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

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WHO.2011.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Total Firearm Death.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,15 September. (Q5684)Full Citation

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UNODC.2008.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Tenth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2005-2006).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q10)Full Citation

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UNODC.2006.‘Reported Overall Homicide Numbers and Rates per 100,000 Population for 64 Countries, 2003-04.’ Ninth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2003 – 2004).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,10 December. (Q9)Full Citation

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UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation

11.

UNODC.2001.‘Estonia: Total Recorded Intentional Homicides (Completed) and Total Recorded Intentional Homicides Committed With a Firearm.’ Sixth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, covering the period 1995-1997.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,27 June. (Q1332)Full Citation

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Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Europe and Central Asia, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3816)Full Citation

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Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1301)Full Citation

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WHO.2012.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Gun Homicide in Estonia.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,14 February. (Q6079)Full Citation

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Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

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Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1302)Full Citation

17.

WHO.2012.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Gun Suicide in Estonia.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,27 February. (Q6141)Full Citation

18.

WHO.2012.‘Inter-country Comparison of Mortality for Selected Cause of Death – Unintentional Gun Deaths in Estonia.’ European Detailed Mortality Database (DMDB).Copenhagen:World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe,9 March. (Q6181)Full Citation

19.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1299)Full Citation

20.

Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centres for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q1300)Full Citation

21.

Estonia.2002.‘Manufacture of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5548)Full Citation

22.

Estonia.2002.‘Mandatory Activity Licence in Areas of Activity Related to Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5545)Full Citation

23.

Estonia.2002.‘Application for Activity Licence.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5546)Full Citation

24.

Estonia.2002.‘Definition of Carriage of Weapons and Ammunition Across Customs Frontier.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5538)Full Citation

25.

Estonia.2002.‘Import, Export and Transit of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5539)Full Citation

26.

Estonia.2002.‘Procedure for Carriage of Weapons and Ammunition Across Customs Frontier.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5540)Full Citation

27.

Estonia.2002.‘General Procedure for Conveyance of Firearms and Ammunition Within European Community.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5541)Full Citation

28.

Estonia.2002.‘Procedure for Transportation of Firearms and Ammunition from Estonia to Another Member State of European Union.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5543)Full Citation

29.

European Council.1991.‘Article 11.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2414)Full Citation

30.

European Council.1991.‘Article 12.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2415)Full Citation

31.

European Council.1991.‘Article 13.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2416)Full Citation

32.

European Council.1991.‘Article 14.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2417)Full Citation

33.

Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

34.

Estonia.2002.‘Procedure for Transportation of Firearms and Ammunition from Another Member State of European Union to Estonia.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5542)Full Citation

35.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

36.

European Council.1991.‘Article 4b.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2408)Full Citation

37.

Estonia.2002.‘Scope of Act.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5512)Full Citation

38.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

39.

Estonia.2002.‘Scope of Act.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5511)Full Citation

40.

European Council.1991.‘European Weapons Directive.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2403)Full Citation

41.

European Council.1991.‘Article 18.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2418)Full Citation

42.

Estonia.2002.‘Supervision of Compliance with this Act.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5553)Full Citation

43.

Estonia.2002.‘Military, Service and Civilian Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5513)Full Citation

44.

Estonia.2002.‘Application by Natural Person for Acquisition Permit or Weapons Permit.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5528)Full Citation

45.

Estonia.2002.‘Weapons and Ammunition Prohibited for Civilian Purposes.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5517)Full Citation

46.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5366)Full Citation

47.

Estonia.2002.‘Firearm Accessories.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5518)Full Citation

48.

Estonia.2002.‘Type Approval of Weapons and Ammunition.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5519)Full Citation

49.

European Council.1991.‘Article 6.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2410)Full Citation

50.

European Council.1991.‘Annex 1.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2419)Full Citation

51.

European Council.1991.‘Article 7.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2411)Full Citation

52.

European Council.1991.‘Article 8.’ Council Directive of 18 June 1991 on Control of the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons (91/477/EEC) [current to 2008 amendments].Brussels:Council of the European Communities,18 June. (Q2412)Full Citation

53.

Estonia.2002.‘Purpose, Types and Quantity of Weapons Permitted for Legal Persons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5524)Full Citation

54.

Estonia.2002.‘Weapons Permit.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5527)Full Citation

55.

Estonia.2002.‘Acquisition Permit for Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5525)Full Citation

56.

Estonia.2002.‘Registration of Weapons.’ Weapons Act (Riigi Teataja I 2001, 65, 377) [with amendments to June 2004].Tallinn:Riigi Teataja (State Gazette),31 March. (Q5526)Full Citation

57.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5387)Full Citation

58.

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