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Costa Rica — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns (both licit and illicit) held by civilians in Costa Rica is 400,0001 2

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) in Costa Rica is 8.61 2 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Costa Rica ranked at No. 873

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Costa Rica ranked at No. 642

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Number of Licensed Firearm Owners

ChartThe number of licensed gun owners in Costa Rica is reported to be

2015: 230,8314
1999: 152,9235

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Rate of Licensed Firearm Owners per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of licensed firearm owners per 100 people in Costa Rica is

2015: 4.796
1999: 4.02

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Number of Registered Firearms

ChartThe number of registered guns in Costa Rica is reported to be

2015: 230,8314
2005: 149,4233 7

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

ChartThe rate of registered guns per 100 people in Costa Rica is

2015: 4.796
2005: 3.55

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Costa Rica are reported to have 08 9 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Costa Rica are reported to have 5,0008 10 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Total Number of Gun Deaths

In Costa Rica, annual deaths resulting from firearms total 2002: 18711 12

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Rate of All Gun Deaths per 100,000 People

In Costa Rica, the annual rate of all gun deaths per 100,000 population is 2002: 4.656

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Costa Rica, annual homicides by any means total

2011: 47411
2010: 52711 13
2009: 52511 13 14
2008: 512
2007: 369
2006: 351
2005: 335
2004: 280
2003: 300
2002: 258
2001: 257
2000: 249
1999: 24511
1998: 224
1997: 210
1996: 189
1995: 184

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Costa Rica, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2011: 10.011
2010: 11.311 13
2009: 11.411 13 14
2008: 11.3
2007: 8.3
2006: 8.0
2005: 7.8
2004: 6.6
2003: 7.2
2002: 6.3
2001: 6.4
2000: 6.4
1999: 6.411
1998: 6.0
1997: 5.8
1996: 5.3
1995: 5.3

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Costa Rica, annual firearm homicides total

2006: 20111 15
2005: 196
2004: 150
2003: 147
2002: 131
2001: 134
1999: 12611
1998: 118
1997: 108
1996: 95
1995: 87

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Costa Rica, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2006: 4.611 15 14
2005: 4.5
2004: 3.5
2003: 3.511 15
2002: 3.2
2001: 3.3
1999: 3.311
1998: 3.2
1997: 3.0
1996: 2.7
1995: 2.5

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Costa Rica, annual suicides by any means total

2009: 27916
2008: 262
2007: 272
2006: 30816 17
2005: 27316
2004: 277
2003: 280
2002: 246
2001: 181
2000: 244
1995: 21112

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Costa Rica, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 6.116
2008: 5.8
2007: 6.116 17
2006: 7.0
2005: 6.3
2004: 6.516
2003: 6.7
2002: 6.0
2001: 4.5
2000: 6.2
1995: 5.0612

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Gun Suicides

In Costa Rica, annual firearm suicides total 2002: 5312

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

In Costa Rica, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is 2002: 1.2712

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Costa Rica, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 2002: 312

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Costa Rica, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is 2002: 0.0712

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Costa Rica, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total 2000: 1012

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Costa Rica, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is 2000: 0.2412

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Costa Rica, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence18 19 20 21

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Regulation of Firearm Exports

In Costa Rica, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law18 22 19 23

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Costa Rica is reported by Customs to be US$33624 (2011)

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Regulation of Firearm Imports

In Costa Rica, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law18 25 26 19 27 28 29 30 23 31

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Costa Rica is reported by Customs to be US$3,619,98024 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Costa Rica is moderate5

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Costa Rica, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law32 33

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Costa Rica do not include32 33 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Costa Rica is categorised as restrictive34

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Costa Rica includes the Arms and Explosives Law - 7530 of 199535 21 and the Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 199636

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Costa Rica are regulated by the Armaments Directorate, the Arms Registry, the National Arsenal, and the Arms and Explosives Control Department37 38 39

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Costa Rica, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law40 41 42

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Restricted Firearms and Ammunition

In Costa Rica, civilians are not allowed to possess automatic firearms, machine guns, sub-machine guns, semi-automatic rifles and carbine with magazines that hold more than ten bullets (except rimfire cartridges), silencers, and armour-piercing, tracer, explosive and incendiary ammunition43 44

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Regulation of Automatic Weapons

In Costa Rica, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited43 44 45

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Costa Rica, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is permitted under licence,46 47 with some restrictions48

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Regulation of Handguns

In Costa Rica, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence,46 47 with some restrictions48

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Gun Ownership and Possession

In Costa Rica, only the owners of licensed (registered) guns49 42 50 51 52 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Possession

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Costa Rica are required to establish a genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, personal protection, security, hunting, sports shooting and collection41 42 50 51 53 54

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Costa Rica is 18 years to possess and carry, or 14 years for hunting and target shooting while under the immediate supervision of an appropriately licensed adult55 56 57

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Gun Licence Background Check

An applicant for a firearm licence in Costa Rica must pass a background check which considers criminal and mental58 59 60 61 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Costa Rica, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required32 33

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Costa Rica does not stipulate32 33 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Costa Rica, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is required62 63 64 65 21 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Costa Rica gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every year, only for a special licence to carry a firearm for self-defence42 66

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Licensing Records

In Costa Rica, authorities maintain a record49 62 58 65 21 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Costa Rica are permitted to possess no more than three firearms intended for personal protection, but there is no limit on small calibre hunting and target shooting firearms49 67 68

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

Licensed firearm owners in Costa Rica are permitted to possess any quantity of ammunition32 33

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Costa Rica, the law requires49 62 59 65 21 58 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Costa Rica, licensed firearm dealers are required69 29 70 68 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Costa Rica, State agencies are required37 71 72 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Background Checks for Dealer Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm from a licensed gun dealer in Costa Rica is obliged58 59 73 31 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Costa Rica, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful18 74 19 75 31

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Costa Rica, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined32 33

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Costa Rica include41 76 77 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Costa Rica include74 78 75 79 31 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Costa Rica include80 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Costa Rica include27 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Costa Rica, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law81

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Firearm Tracing

In Costa Rica, state authorities carry out58 81 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Record of Firearms and Ammunition

In Costa Rica, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not68 82 recorded in a register

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Costa Rica, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is prohibited83 53

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Costa Rica, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit83 42 53 54

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Gun Free Zones

In Costa Rica, private guns are prohibited in State facilities, public institutions, health and educational institutions, and in demonstrations or public meetings84

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Costa Rica, the maximum penalty for unlawful possession of a firearm85 is 5 years prison86 87

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Costa Rica are known to have88 89 90 91 39 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Firearms Collected and Seized

In Costa Rica, firearms voluntarily surrendered for destruction, collected or seized in routine policing are reported to number 38,00092 (2010-2014),93 3,241 94(2004), 1,002 (2003), and 1,047 (2002)

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Costa Rica, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 10,97490 (2006-2008) and 32,00092 (2012-2014)93

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Costa Rica, it is not state policy95 89 96 68 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Central American Integration System

As a member of the Central American Integration System (SICA), Costa Rica is party to the 2007 Central American Programme on Small Arms Control and the Code of Conduct of Central American States on the Transfer of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Material97

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Costa Rica adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified98 99 by Costa Rica

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Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development

The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, a diplomatic initiative aimed at addressing the interrelations between armed violence and development, was signed in 2006100 by Costa Rica.

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United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

The United Nations Arms Trade Treaty has been signed and ratified101 by Costa Rica

United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has been signed and ratified102 by Costa Rica

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

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UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Costa Rica committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects103

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UNPoA Implementation Monitor Score

In its UN small arms Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (PoAIM Phase 1), the Small Arms Survey scored Costa Rica against its commitments to the PoA, then ranked it at No. 115104 105 106 107 among 159 Member States

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Costa Rica has submitted one or more national reports108 109 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Costa Rica, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated110 109

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Costa Rica, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated110

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Costa Rica submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent111

UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated109 by Costa Rica to other UN Member States

UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided109 to Costa Rica by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Costa Rica has not declared112 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Costa Rica has been a Member State of the United Nations since 1945113

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list114 Costa Rica as a Participating State

BackgroundCountry Profile

Link
Conflict Profile

For a profile of conflict in Costa Rica, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University

Link
Global Peace Index

To see where Costa Rica ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index

Short References

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Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Estimated Civilian Gun Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8972)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

4.

Aguilar, Luigi Calvo.2015.‘Number of Registered Firearms; Number of Licensed Firearm Owners.’ Personal E-mail correspondence.San José:Ministry of Public Security of Costa Rica, Arms and Explosives Department,6 February. (Q9181)Full Citation

5.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

6.

GunPolicy.org.2015.‘Calculated Rates - Costa Rica.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,16 February. (Q4219)Full Citation

7.

OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Legally Registered Civilian Firearms.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States (OAS),1 July. (Q9208)Full Citation

8.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘State Firearms Ownership.’ Measurement and Use of Statistical Data to Analyze Small Arms in the Caribbean and Latin America.Mexico City:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Center of Excellence, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI),28 April. (Q8973)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

11.

UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Costa Rica.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q6349)Full Citation

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Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

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OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide 2000-2011.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States (OAS),1 July. (Q9209)Full Citation

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OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

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OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Intentional Homicide Committed by Firearms 2000-2010.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States (OAS),1 July. (Q9210)Full Citation

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OAS Hemispheric Citizen Security Observatory.2012.‘Suicide 2000-2009.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2012.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States (OAS),1 July. (Q9206)Full Citation

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OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation

18.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Manufacture, Storage, Trade, Import and Export (Fabricación, Almacenamiento, Comercio, Importación y Exportación).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4165)Full Citation

19.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Features of the Licence (Características del Permiso).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4171)Full Citation

20.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Licence to Manufacture Permitted Arms (Permiso de Fabricación de Armas Permitidas).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4304)Full Citation

21.

Costa Rica.2003.‘National Report 2003 - Registration (Informe Nacional 2003 - Registro).’ National Report of Costa Rica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Costa Rica to the United Nations,27 June. (Q3692)Full Citation

22.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Export Requirements (Requisitos para Exportar).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4162)Full Citation

23.

Costa Rica.2003.‘National Report 2003 - Import and Export Controls (Informe Nacional 2003 - Importación y Exportación).’ National Report of Costa Rica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Costa Rica to the United Nations,27 June. (Q3689)Full Citation

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Marsh, Nicholas.2013.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,14 February. (Q16)Full Citation

25.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Licence to Import Ammunition (Permiso para Importar Tiros).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4132)Full Citation

26.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Permit to Foreigners to Import Arms and Ammunition (Permiso a Extranjeros para Ingresar Armas y Tiros).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4139)Full Citation

27.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Safety Requirements to Import Arms (Requerimientos de Seguridad para Importar Armas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4173)Full Citation

28.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Regular Licence to Import Arms - Requirements (Requisitos del Permiso Regular de Importacion de Armas).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4320)Full Citation

29.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Applying for a Licence to Import Arms (Solicitud del Permiso de Importación de Armas).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4321)Full Citation

30.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Occasional Licence to Import Permitted Firearms (Permiso de Importación Ocasional de Armas Permitidas).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4322)Full Citation

31.

Costa Rica.2003.‘National Report 2003 - Regulation of Firearm Sales (Informe Nacional 2003 - Regulación de la Venta de Armas).’ National Report of Costa Rica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Costa Rica to the United Nations,27 June. (Q3687)Full Citation

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Costa Rica.1995.‘Scope (Campo de Aplicación).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4318)Full Citation

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Costa Rica.1996.‘Scope (Campo de Aplicación).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4914)Full Citation

34.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A staff report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

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Costa Rica.1995.‘Scope (Campo de Aplicación).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4317)Full Citation

36.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Scope (Campo de Aplicación).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4913)Full Citation

37.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Creation (Creación).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4056)Full Citation

38.

Costa Rica.2003.‘National Report 2003 - Regulation Authority (Informe Nacional 2003 - Autoridad Reguladora).’ National Report of Costa Rica on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Costa Rica to the United Nations,27 June. (Q3686)Full Citation

39.

Godnick, William and Helena Vasquez.2003.‘Costa Rica: Small Arms Control.’ Small Arms Control in Central America: Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Control Projects (MISAC).London:International Alert, Security and Peacebuilding Programme,1 June. (Q5566)Full Citation

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Sherman, Amy and Tom Ginsburg.2014.‘Gun Rights in National Constitutions.’ Marco Rubio Says Second Amendment Is Unique in Speech to NRA.Miami FL:Miami Herald (PolitiFact Florida),29 April. (Q8507)Full Citation

41.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Possession and Use of Permitted Firearms (Posesión y Uso de Armas Permitidas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4109)Full Citation

42.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Special Licence (Permiso Especial).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4130)Full Citation

43.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Prohibited Firearms (Armas Prohibidas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4107)Full Citation

44.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Prohibited Firearms (Armas Prohibidas).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4196)Full Citation

45.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Prohibited Firearm Collections (Colección de Armas Prohibidas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4179)Full Citation

46.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Permitted Firearms (Armas Permitidas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4110)Full Citation

47.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Sporting Arms (Armas para Deportistas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4135)Full Citation

48.

Costa Rica.1996.‘Permitted Firearms (Armas Permitidas).’ Regulation of the Arms and Explosives Law, Decree 25120-SP of 1996 (Reglamento a la Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Decreto 25120-SP de 1996).San Jose:Presidency of Costa Rica,13 June. (Q4195)Full Citation

49.

Costa Rica.1995.‘Firearm Registration by Individuals (Inscripción de Armas por Parte de Personas Físicas).’ Arms and Explosives Law 7530 of 1995 (Ley de Armas y Explosivos, Ley 7530 de 1995).San Jose:Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica,10 July. (Q4106)Full Citation

50.

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