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Colombia — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Colombia is 2,200,000 to 3,100,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Colombia is 5.92 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Colombia ranked at No. 303

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Colombia ranked at No. 912

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Colombia is reported to be 706,2104 3

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Rate of Registered Firearms per 100 Population

The rate of registered firearms per 100 people in Colombia is 1.705

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Estimated Number of Illicit Firearms

Unlawfully held guns cannot be counted, but in Colombia there are estimated to be 800,000 to 2,400,0001 4

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Colombia are reported to have 535,0001 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Colombia are reported to have 258,5006 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Colombia, annual homicides by any means total

2010: 15,4597
2009: 15,8177 8
2008: 16,140
2007: 17,198
2006: 17,479
2005: 18,111
2004: 20,210
2003: 23,523
2002: 28,837
2001: 27,840
2000: 26,540
1999: 24,3587 9
1998: 23,096
1997: 25,379
1996: 26,6427
1995: 25,398

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2010: 33.47
2009: 34.67 8
2008: 35.9
2007: 38.8
2006: 40.0
2005: 42.1
2004: 47.7
2003: 56.4
2002: 70.2
2001: 68.9
2000: 66.7
1999: 62.37 9
1998: 60.1
1997: 67.2
1996: 71.87
1995: 69.7

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Colombia, annual firearm homicides total

2010: 12,5397
2009: 12,8087 9
2008: 12,8967
2007: 13,818
2006: 13,195
2005: 14,763
2004: 16,979
2000: 21,89810
1999: 19,678
1998: 18,910

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2010: 27.17
2009: 28.1
2008: 28.7
2007: 31.27 8
2006: 31.87
2005: 34.3
2004: 40.1
2000: 51.7710
1999: 47.42
1998: 46.35

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Suicides (any method)

ChartIn Colombia, annual suicides by any means total

2009: 1,84511
2008: 1,841
2007: 1,771
2006: 1,751
2005: 1,786
2004: 1,817
2003: 1,938
2002: 2,045
2001: 2,056
2000: 2,070
1999: 2,089
1998: 2,04612

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 4.1011
2008: 4.14
2007: 4.03
2006: 4.03
2005: 4.16
2004: 4.28
2003: 4.63
2002: 4.94
2001: 5.03
2000: 5.13
1999: 5.25
1998: 4.6312

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Gun Suicides

ChartIn Colombia, annual firearm suicides total

2009: 38211
1999: 64112

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Colombia, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2009: 0.875
1999: 1.4512

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Colombia, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

1999: 6412

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Colombia, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

1999: 0.1412

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Colombia, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

1999: 1212

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Colombia, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

1999: 0.0312

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Colombia, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is prohibited, for all excluding official government manufacturers prohibited, for all excluding official government manufacturers prohibited, for all excluding official government manufacturers prohibited, for all excluding official government manufacturers prohibited, for all excluding official government manufacturers13

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Small Arms Manufacture - World Ranking

In a classification of the world's small, medium and major firearm manufacturers, Colombia is ranked 'small'14

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Home-made Guns

In Colombia the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be high15

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Regulation of Firearm Exports

In Colombia, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 13 16 17

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Colombia is reported to be US$7,848,24318 (2011)

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Small Arms Exports - World Ranking

In a comparison of the world's major/mid-level/minor/unknown small arms exporters, Colombia is categorized as 'minor'19

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Regulation of Firearm Imports

In Colombia, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 20 13 16

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Colombia is reported to be US$53,773,86918 (2011)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Colombia is high21

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Market Cost of an AK-47 Assault Rifle (US$)

The asking price for an AK-47 pattern assault weapon in Colombia is reported to be US$40022

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Colombia, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are specifically regulated by law23

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Colombia include24 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Colombia is categorised as restrictive25

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Colombia includes the Constitution, Article 22320, the Decree 2535 of 199326, the Decree 2685 of 199927, the Law 599 of 2000 (Penal Code), Articles 365 and 366, the Law 1119 of 2006, and the Law 1142 of 2007, Articles 38 and 5528

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Colombia are regulated by the Industria Militar INDUMIL21

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Colombia, the right to private gun ownership is guaranteed by law20 29

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Colombia, civilians are not allowed to possess pistols and revolvers of calibre superior to 9.652mm, automatic arms, semi-automatic rifles and carbines over 22 caliber LR, arms with military-style devices (infrared and laser sights, grenade launchers and silencers) and ammunition for these arms30

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Colombia, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited with only narrow exemptions30 31 32

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Colombia, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited with only narrow exemptions30 31 32

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Regulation of Handguns

In Colombia, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence33 32

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Colombia, only licensed gun owners20 29 34 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Colombia are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, personal protection, security, hunting, target shooting, collection35 34

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Colombia is 18 years34

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Colombia must pass background checks which consider criminal and mental34 records

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Colombia stipulates36 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Colombia gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 10 years (for firearms not to be carried outside of the house or property), 3 years (for self-defence) and 1 year (for restricted weapons)37

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Colombia, the law requires38 39 32 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Colombia, licensed gun makers are required38 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Colombia, State agencies are required38 39 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Colombia, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful13

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Colombia include40 37 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Colombia include40 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Colombia include21 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Colombia, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law41 42

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Firearm Tracing

In Colombia, state authorities carry out39 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Colombia, state authorities employ41 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Colombia, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit20 29 37

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Colombia, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit20 29 37

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Gun Free Zones

In Colombia, private guns are prohibited in political meetings, elections or public corporations' meetings20

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Colombia, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is 15 years of prison term37

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Colombia are known to have43 44 45 46 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Surrendered in Gun Amnesty

In Colombia, the number of firearms and/or rounds of ammunition voluntarily surrendered for destruction in recent arms amnesty and collection programmes is reported to be 18,05147 (2003-06) and 25046 (2010 in Bogota only)

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Colombia, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 5,02643 (2002), 28,10344 (2006-2007), 27,864 (2008), 26,01445 (2009) and 9,48746 (2010 in Bogota only)

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Andean Community

As a member of the Andean Community, Colombia adopted Decision 552: The Andean Plan to Prevent, Fight and Eradicate Illicit Trafficking in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects in June, 200348

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Colombia adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified49 50 by Colombia

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Colombia voted to begin51 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed52 by Colombia

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Colombia committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects53

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Colombia has submitted one or more national reports54 55 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Colombia, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated56 55

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Colombia, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated56

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Colombia submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is apparent57 56

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated55 by Colombia to other UN Member States

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UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided55 to Colombia by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Colombia has declared3 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Colombia has been a Member State of the United Nations since 194558

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list59 Colombia as a Participating State

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Estimated Total Small Arms, Firearms, and Surpluses in Colombia, Rounded.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. (Q5304)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Country Summaries – Colombia.’ Surplus Arms in South America: A Survey.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. (Q5305)Full Citation

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GunPolicy.org.2011.‘Calculated Rates – Colombia.’ Historical Population Data – USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,17 March. (Q4217)Full Citation

6.

Karp, Aaron.2012.‘Table 2 - Examples of Police Firearms Per Officer in Selected Countries.’ Armed Actors - Estimating Law Enforcement Firearms.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 December. (Q6545)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2011.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Colombia.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,6 October. (Q6338)Full Citation

8.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

9.

Acero, Andrea del Pilar.2010.‘Homicide 2009: Femicide, Feminicide and Homicide in Women (Homicidio 2009: Femicidio, Feminicidio y Homicidio en Mujeres).’ Forensis 2009: Data for Life.Bogota:National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science,1 May. (Q3710)Full Citation

10.

UNODC.2004.‘Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed.’ Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998-2000).Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,19 March. (Q91)Full Citation

11.

Valenzuela, Diana M.2010.‘Suicide Epidemiology, Colombia, 2009 (Epidemiología del Suicidio, Colombia, 2009).’ Forensis 2009: Data for Life.Bogota:National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science,1 May. (Q3709)Full Citation

12.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

13.

Colombia.1993.‘Exclusivity (Exclusividad).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5223)Full Citation

14.

Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation

15.

Colombia.2010.‘Information Exchange (Intercambio de Información).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3415)Full Citation

16.

Colombia.2008.‘Export and Import Licences (Licencias de Exportación e Importación).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3574)Full Citation

17.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q82)Full Citation

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Marsh, Nicholas.2013.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,14 February. (Q16)Full Citation

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Small Arms Survey.2001.‘60 Known Legal Small Arms Exporting Countries, 2001.’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q867)Full Citation

20.

Colombia.1991.‘Article 223 (Artículo 223).’ Political Constitution of Colombia (Constitución Política de Colombia).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,4 July. (Q5051)Full Citation

21.

United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q1)Full Citation

22.

World Bank.2007.‘Available Kalashnikov Prices for Specific Countries and Periods.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q3)Full Citation

23.

Colombia.2008.‘Brokering (Intermediación).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3559)Full Citation

24.

Colombia.2006.‘End User Certificate (Certificado de Uso Final).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 May. (Q3491)Full Citation

25.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

26.

Colombia.1993.‘Scope (Ambito).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5222)Full Citation

27.

Colombia.2005.‘Firearm Law (Legislación Sobre Armas de Fuego).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,30 April. (Q3416)Full Citation

28.

Colombia.2008.‘Firearm Law (Legislación Sobre Armas de Fuego).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3412)Full Citation

29.

Colombia.1993.‘State Permit (Permiso del Estado).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5224)Full Citation

30.

Colombia.1993.‘Weapons of War (Armas de Guerra).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5225)Full Citation

31.

Colombia.1993.‘Restricted Firearms (Armas de Uso Restringido).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5226)Full Citation

32.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5363)Full Citation

33.

Colombia.1993.‘Self Defence Arms (Armas de Defensa Personal).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5228)Full Citation

34.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5410)Full Citation

35.

Colombia.1993.‘Classification (Clasificación).’ Decree 2535 of 1993 on Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (Decreto 2535 de 1993 sobre Armas, Municiones y Explosivos).Bogota:Presidency of Colombia,17 December. (Q5227)Full Citation

36.

Colombia.2008.‘Protection Measures in Cases of Domestic Violence (Medidas de Protección en Casos de Violencia Intrafamiliar).’ Law 1257 of 2008 on Violence and Discrimination against Women (Ley 1257 de 2008 sobre Violencia y Discriminación contra las Mujeres).Bogota:Congress of Colombia,4 December. (Q5143)Full Citation

37.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5431)Full Citation

38.

Colombia.2008.‘Marking (Marcación).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3493)Full Citation

39.

Colombia.2010.‘Marking, Registration and Tracing (Marcado, Registro y Localización).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3411)Full Citation

40.

Colombia.2008.‘Stockpile Management (Gestión de los Arsenales).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3558)Full Citation

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Colombia.2006.‘Marking (Marcación).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 May. (Q3494)Full Citation

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Colombia.2003.‘Marking, Tracing and Record Keeping (Marcaje, Rastreo y Archivo).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,30 April. (Q3495)Full Citation

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Colombia.2003.‘Seizure and Destruction (Confiscación, Decomiso y Destrucción).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,30 April. (Q3492)Full Citation

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Colombia.2008.‘Seizure Data (Cifras por Decomiso).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3496)Full Citation

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Colombia.2010.‘Handling of Guns (Manejo de Armas).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3413)Full Citation

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CERAC.2010.‘Collection and Destruction.’ Centro de Recursos para el Analsis de Conflictos.Bogota:Centro de Recursos para el Analsis de Conflictos / CERAC,3 December. (Q3362)Full Citation

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Karp, Aaron.2009.‘Summary of Disarmament Outcomes in 45 DDR Programmes.’ Small Arms Survey 2009: Shadows of War.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,9 July. (Q2941)Full Citation

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OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation

50.

OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation

51.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

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UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

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Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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57.

Colombia.2008.‘Civil Society Involvement (Cooperación con la Sociedad Civil).’ National Report of Colombia on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations,1 March. (Q3417)Full Citation

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UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

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Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation