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Cameroon — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Cameroon is 340,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Cameroon is 2.82 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Cameroon ranked at No. 991

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 179 countries, Cameroon ranked at No. 1192

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Cameroon are reported to have 43,8903 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Cameroon are reported to have 24,6074 firearms

ImpactsGun Death and Injury

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Number of Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Cameroon, annual homicides by any means total

2003: 1,0025
2002: 1,031
2001: 755
2000: 459

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Cameroon, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2007: 2.306
2006: 5.40
2004: 16.10
2003: 3.85
2002: 8.50
2001: 4.65
2000: 2.89
1998: 038
1995: 0.23

ProductionGun Industry

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Firearm Manufacture

In Cameroon, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence7 8 9 10

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Home-made Guns

In Cameroon the prevalence of illicit craft, or 'home-made' firearm manufacture is reported to be moderate9

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

Export Control

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Small Arms Exports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Cameroon is reported to be US$221,50611 (2009)

Import Control

In Cameroon, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 7 8 12 13 14

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Small Arms Imports (US$)

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Cameroon is reported to be US$6,390,70811 (2009)

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Smuggling Guns and Ammunition

Reports suggest that the level of firearm and ammunition smuggling in Cameroon is moderate15 16

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Cameroon, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law13 17

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Cameroon do not include18 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Cameroon is categorised as restrictive19

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Cameroon is the Decree No 73/658 of 22 October 1973 regulating the import, sale, transfer, possession and carrying of firearms and ammunition20 13

Firearm Regulation Authority

Guns in Cameroon are regulated by the Police, the Gendarmerie, the Army21 and the Ministry for Territorial Administration13

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Cameroon, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law22

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Cameroon, only licensed gun owners22 8 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Cameroon are not required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm18

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Cameroon is 21 years7

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Cameroon must pass background checks which consider mental and criminal7 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Cameroon, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required18

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Cameroon does not stipulate18 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Cameroon, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required18 for a firearm licence

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Licensing Records

In Cameroon, authorities maintain a record23 24 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Cameroon are permitted to possess one firearm per authorisation23

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Cameroon is permitted to possess the quantity of ammunition specified in the authorisation8 23

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Cameroon, the law requires23 24 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Cameroon, licensed firearm dealers are required25 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

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Gun Manufacturer Record Keeping

In Cameroon, licensed gun makers are required25 to keep a record of each firearm produced, for inspection by a regulating authority

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State-Owned Firearm Records

In Cameroon, State agencies are not required26 to maintain records of the storage and movement of all firearms and ammunition under their control

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Cameroon, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted27

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Cameroon, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful7 8 27

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Cameroon, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined18

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Cameroon, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated18 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Cameroon do not include18 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Cameroon include7 8 28 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Government

Government regulations in Cameroon do not include26 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by state entities

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Cameroon include12 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Cameroon, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law23

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Firearm Tracing

In Cameroon, state authorities do not carry out18 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Cameroon, state authorities do not employ18 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Cameroon, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit22 8

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Cameroon, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit22 8

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Cameroon, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is a prison term of 5 to 10 days and a fine29

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Cameroon are known to have30 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Cameroon, it is not state policy31 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

African Union

In June 2006, as a member of the African Union, Cameroon adopted an African Common Position to take to the Conference to Review the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA), held in June 200632

United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa

In November 2010, as a member of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (UNSAC), Cameroon adopted the Central Africa Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition, Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly, known as the ‘Kinshasa Convention. A legally binding multilateral treaty for which UNSAC is depository, the Kinshasa Convention has since been signed, but not yet ratified33 34 35 by Cameroon

United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

At the resumption of the most recent session of the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCCPCJ), a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council mandated to promote action to prevent national and transnational crime, Cameroon was listed as an elected member for a three-year term of office36

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Cameroon voted to begin37 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed38 by Cameroon

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Cameroon committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects39

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Cameroon has submitted one or more national reports40 41 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Cameroon, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated42

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated41 by Cameroon to other UN Member States

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UNPoA International Assistance – Recipient

Funds for UNPoA implementation have been provided41 to Cameroon by other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Cameroon has not declared1 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Cameroon has been a Member State of the United Nations since 196043

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list44 Cameroon as a Participating State
Last Updated on 25 January 2012

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

3.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

5.

Cameroon.2009.‘Evolution of Offences Recorded by the Gendarmerie Nationale (Evolution des infractions constatées par la gendarmerie nationale).’ Annual Statistics of Cameroon 2008 (Annuaire Statistique du Cameroun 2008).Yaoudé:Institut National de la Statistique,1 January. (Q4524)Full Citation

6.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3812)Full Citation

7.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 5.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4768)Full Citation

8.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 6.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4769)Full Citation

9.

Cameroon.2003.‘In Legal Terms – Manufacture (Au plan juridique – Production).’ National Report of Cameroon on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Cameroon to the United Nations,25 June. (Q3837)Full Citation

10.

Small Arms Survey.2001.‘Ranking of World's Small Arms Producers (By Sales).’ Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q103)Full Citation

11.

Marsh, Nicholas.2011.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 June. (Q16)Full Citation

12.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 8.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4770)Full Citation

13.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Comparison of the Main Regulatory Aspects Examined – Cameroon.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q4004)Full Citation

14.

Cameroon.2003.‘In Legal Terms – Import (Au plan juridique – Importation).’ National Report of Cameroon on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Cameroon to the United Nations,25 June. (Q3838)Full Citation

15.

AEFJN.2010.‘Countries that Send Arms to Embargoed Territories.’ Arms Exports and Transfers: From Sub-Saharan Africa to Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Africa Europe Faith and Justice Network (AEFJN),1 December. (Q5101)Full Citation

16.

Best, Shedrack Gaya and Dimieari Von Kemedi. In: Florquin and Berman, Eds.2005.‘Armed Groups and Conflict in Rivers and Plateau States, Nigeria – Small Arms Availability and Sources.’ Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 May. (Q5100)Full Citation

17.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Transactions and Activities Covered – Imports, Exports, Transit and Brokering.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5013)Full Citation

18.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 1.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q5465)Full Citation

19.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

20.

Cameroon.2003.‘In Legal Terms (Au plan juridique).’ National Report of Cameroon on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Cameroon to the United Nations,25 June. (Q3836)Full Citation

21.

Cameroon.2003.‘At the Institutional Level (Au plan institutionnel).’ National Report of Cameroon on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York:Permanent Mission of Cameroon to the United Nations,25 June. (Q3839)Full Citation

22.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 12.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4773)Full Citation

23.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 13.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4774)Full Citation

24.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 15.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4775)Full Citation

25.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 10.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4772)Full Citation

26.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Analysis of National Arms Transfer Control Systems – Arms Categories Covered.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5012)Full Citation

27.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 16.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4776)Full Citation

28.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 9.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4771)Full Citation

29.

Cameroon.1973.‘Article 20.’ Decree No 73/658 of Oct 22 1973, Regulating the Import, Sale, Transfer, Possession and Carrying of Firearms and Ammunition (Décret N° 73/658 du 22 Oct 1973 Règlementant l'Importation, la Vente, la Cession, la Détention et le Port des Armes à Feu…).Yaoundé:Office of the President of the Republic of Cameroon,22 October. (Q4777)Full Citation

30.

Jane Francis Lepawah Tansinda. 2009. ‘Cameroon: Combating Gun Related Violence.’ Cameroon Tribune. 29 June. (N222) Full Citation

31.

Moreau, Virginie, Cédric Poitevin and Jihan Seniora.2010.‘Africa and Arms Transfers – Stockpiles.’ Arms Transfer Controls: The Example of French-Speaking States in Sub-Saharan Africa.Brussels:Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité (GRIP),1 May. (Q5010)Full Citation

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African Union / UNODA.2005.‘Windhoek Common Position.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:African Union / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 December. (Q3216)Full Citation

33.

UNODA / UNREC.2010.‘Kinshasa Convention: Central Africa Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition, Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly.’ United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa (UNREC).Kinshasa:United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (UNSAC),22 November. (Q3320)Full Citation

34.

UNDPI.2010.‘United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa Adopts Convention on Small Arms Control.’ United Nations Press Release AFR/1974 DC/3237.New York:UN Department of Public Information,12 May. (Q1940)Full Citation

35.

UNODA.2010.‘United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa adopts Convention on Small Arms Control.’ UNODA Update.New York:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,3 July. (Q5095)Full Citation

36.

UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. (Q3222)Full Citation

37.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

38.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

39.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

40.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

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UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

42.

IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. (Q166)Full Citation

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UN.2009.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,11 May. (Q290)Full Citation

44.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation